基于纬度移栽的落叶松叶、枝、根生态化学计量特征对气候变暖的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究气候变暖对树木生态化学计量特征的影响, 对深入了解树木对气候变化的响应机理具有重要意义。在2004年将4个不同纬度的落叶松(Larix gmelinii)种源幼树移植到其自然分布区南缘的黑龙江帽儿山生态站的同质园内, 模拟气候变暖, 测定叶、枝、根的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量。结果表明: 新枝叶和各级根的C、N、P含量以及老枝叶的N、P含量均存在显著的种源差异, 高纬度种源的树木具有较低的C、N含量和较高的P含量。气候变暖显著增加了各器官(1-2 mm径级根除外)的C含量, 增加了叶、老枝和<1 mm径级根的N含量, 也显著提高了各器官(枝除外)的P含量。随着变暖程度的增加, C和P含量的暖化效应减弱, N含量的暖化效应增强。各器官的C:N、C:P和N:P均存在显著的种源差异(枝的C:P除外), 高纬度种源的树木具有较大的C:N和较小的C:P和N:P。气候变暖显著降低了除枝以外其他器官的C:N、C:P和N:P。综合而言, 落叶松资源获取型器官叶和根化学计量特征具有明显的地理变异, 气候变暖主要缓解了叶和根的N和P的需求限制, 降低了其N和P的固碳效率; 气候变暖对C和P化学计量特征的影响随暖化程度的增大而减弱, 但N含量除外。

关键词: 气候变化, 落叶松, 移栽实验, 化学计量特征

Abstract:

Aims Exploring the impact of climate warming on stoichiometric characteristics of trees is of significance for better understanding the response mechanism of trees to climate change.
Methods In 2004, we conducted a common garden experiment by transplanting Larix gmelinii trees from four provenances to a common garden near the warm edge of this species’ range in the Mao’ershan Ecological Station of China, in order to measure the concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in leaves of short branch, leaves of long branch, short branches, long branches, and fine roots at three diameter classes in response to warming.
Important findings The C, N, and P concentrations in leaves of short branch and roots of all diameter classes, and the N and P concentrations in leaves of old branch significantly differed among provenances. The provenances at high latitude sites were characterized by lower C and N concentrations and higher P concentration compared to those at low latitude sites. Warming treatment significantly increased the C concentration in all organs (except root at 1-2 mm diameter), and also significantly increased the N concentration in leaves, long branches and roots <1 mm diameter, and the P concentration in all organs (except short and long branches). The effect of warming on C and P concentrations decreased with the increasing warming, but increased for N concentration. The C:N, C:P and N:P in all organs (except short and long branches) significantly varied with provenances. The provenances at high latitude sites had higher C:N and lower C:P and N:P compared to those at low latitude sites. Warming treatment significantly decreased the C:N, C:P and N:P in all organs except short and long branches. In summary, the stoichiometric characteristics had evident geographical variations in resource acquisition organs of leaves and roots of L. gmelinii. Warming treatment mainly alleviated the constraints on the demand for N and P in leaves and roots, and simultaneously reduced the C sequestration efficiency of N and P. The impact of climate warming on the stoichiometric characteristics of C and P elements decreased as the increasing warming, except N element.

Key words: climate change, Larix gmelinii, transplanting experiment, stoichiometric characteristic

臧妙涵, 王传宽, 梁逸娴, 刘逸潇, 上官虹玉, 全先奎. 基于纬度移栽的落叶松叶、枝、根生态化学计量特征对气候变暖的响应. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(4): 469-482. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0013

ZANG Miao-Han, WANG Chuan-Kuan, LIANG Yi-Xian, LIU Yi-Xiao, SHANGGUAN Hong-Yu, QUAN Xian-Kui. Stoichiometric characteristics of leaf, branch and root in Larix gmelinii in response to climate warming based on latitudinal transplantation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(4): 469-482. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0013

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0013

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I4/469

图/表 7

表1 落叶松4个移栽地和帽儿山同质园的地理和气候基本特征

Table 1 Geographical and climatic conditions of Larix gmelinii at the four transplanting sites and common garden in Mao’ershan

地点 Site	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	平均年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	无霜期 Frost-free duration (d)	N_soil-c (g·kg^-1)	N_soil-t (g·kg^-1)
帽儿山 Mao’ershan	45.40	127.50	3.10	629.00	140.0	(8.10 ± 0.45)^a	无 None
带岭 Dailing	47.08	128.90	1.34	621.27	139.0	(6.75 ± 0.31)^b	(6.83 ± 0.33)^a
黑河 Heihe	49.22	127.20	0.62	554.08	90.0	(3.11 ± 0.26)^c	(3.13 ± 0.23)^b
松岭 Songling	50.72	124.42	−0.54	525.36	93.8	(3.07 ± 0.21)^c	(3.03 ± 0.19)^b
塔河 Tahe	52.52	124.65	−2.30	463.44	89.7	(2.47 ± 0.11)^d	(2.31 ± 0.15)^c

图1 同质园和移栽地落叶松不同器官碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量比较(平均值±标准误)。每个地点统计样本量n = 4, 总体统计样本量n = 32。不同大写字母表示移栽地间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同质园内地点间差异显著(p < 0.05), *表示暖化处理影响显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Comparisons of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentration in different organs of Larix gmelinii by treatments and sites (mean ± SE). DL, Dailing; HH, Heihe; SL, Songling; TH, Tahe. n = 4 for each site, n = 32 for all sites. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between trees at transplanting sites (p < 0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between trees in the common garden (p < 0.05), * indicates significant effects of warming treatment on C, N and P concentrations (p < 0.05).

图2 四个地点落叶松不同器官碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量和纬度的关系(n = 4)。

Fig. 2 Relationships between carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) concentration in different organs of Larix gmelinii and latitude of four sites (n = 4).

图3 同质园和移栽地落叶松不同器官C:N、C:P、N:P比较(平均值±标准误)。C, 碳; N, 氮; P, 磷。每个地点统计样本量n = 4, 总体统计样本量n = 32。不同大写字母表示移栽地间差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同质园内地点间差异显著(p < 0.05), *表示气候变暖影响显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Comparisons of C:N, C:P and N:P in different organs of Larix gmelinii by treatments and sites (mean ± SE). C, carbon; N, nitrogen; P, phosphorus. DL, Dailing; HH, Heihe; SL, Songling; TH, Tahe. n = 4 for each site, n = 32 for all sites. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between trees at transplanting sites (p < 0.05), different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between trees in the common garden (p < 0.05), * indicates significant effects of climate warming on C:N, C:P and N:P (p < 0.05).

表2 落叶松不同器官碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征的方差分析(n = 224)

Table 2 Variance analysis of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometric characteristics in different organs of Larix gmelinii (n = 224)

主效应 Main effect	C		N		P		C:N		C:P		N:P
主效应 Main effect	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
处理 Treatment	32.35	<0.01	47.04	<0.01	68.37	<0.01	10.80	<0.01	77.68	<0.01	73.26	<0.01
地点 Site	9.86	<0.01	113.64	<0.01	131.61	<0.01	65.65	<0.01	114.42	<0.01	511.26	<0.01
器官 Organ	14.65	<0.01	1 801.69	<0.01	244.38	<0.01	888.05	<0.01	205.56	<0.01	267.42	<0.01
处理×地点 Treatment × site	1.58	0.21	276.32	<0.05	8.17	<0.01	198.62	<0.01	9.43	<0.01	325.99	<0.01
处理×器官 Treatment × organ	3.35	<0.01	26.48	<0.01	5.73	<0.01	14.08	<0.01	10.98	<0.01	10.24	<0.01
地点×器官 Site × organ	1.05	0.40	22.13	<0.01	10.86	<0.01	18.90	<0.01	4.43	<0.01	43.34	<0.01
处理×地点×器官 Treatment × site × organ	2.00	0.05	27.44	<0.01	4.22	<0.01	14.91	<0.01	2.00	0.05	25.71	<0.01

图4 落叶松不同器官碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量相对增长率和气温增量(ΔT)间关系(n = 4)。ΔT =同质园年平均气温-移栽地年平均气温。相对增长率(%) = (C2 - C1)/C1 × 100%, 式中C1是移栽地树木C (或N、P)含量, C2是同质园树木C (或N、P)含量。

Fig. 4 Relationships between relative increasing rate of carbon (C) concentration, nitrogen (N) concentration, phosphorus (P) concentration in different organs of Larix gmelinii and warming amount (ΔT) (n = 4). ΔT is the difference in annual mean air temperature between the common garden and the transplanting sites. Relative increasing rate (%) = (C2 - C1)/C1 × 100%, C1 is the C (or N, P) concentration of trees at transplanting sites, C2 is the C (or N, P) concentration of trees in common garden.

图5 落叶松不同器官碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量气候暖化效应(n = 4)。气候暖化效应= (C2 - C1)/ΔT (C1是移栽地树木C (或N、P)含量, C2是同质园树木C (或N、P)含量, ΔT =同质园年平均气温-移栽地年平均气温)。

Fig. 5 Climate warming effects of carbon (C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus (P) concentration in different organs of Larix gmelinii (n = 4). Climate warming effect = (C2 - C1)/ΔT (C1 is the C (or N, P) concentration of trees at transplanting sites, C2 is the C (or N, P) concentration of trees in common garden, ΔT is the difference in annual mean air temperature between the common garden and the latitudinal sites).

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