落叶松径向生长和生物量分配对气候变暖的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0032

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究气候变暖对树木径向生长和生物量分配的影响, 对准确评价气候变化背景下树木的固碳能力具有重要意义。该研究于2004年将4个纬度地点(从北往南依次为塔河、松岭、黑河和带岭)的落叶松(Larix gmelinii)幼树向南移植到黑龙江帽儿山森林生态研究站的同质园内, 模拟气候暖化。在同质园和移栽来源地同步测定树木径向生长和生物量及其分配。结果表明: (1)气候变暖显著促进了松岭和塔河落叶松树木的径向生长, 胸径(DBH)、树干距离地面10 cm处直径(D₁₀)及其相对增长率和单位增温相对增长率均随增温幅度的增加而增大; 松岭和塔河树木DBH的相对增长率分别为58.62%和101.49%, 单位增温相对增长率分别为16.11%·℃^-1和18.79%·℃^-1。(2)气候变暖显著减小了塔河树木叶、枝和根生物量的占比, 增大了树干和地上生物量的占比; 气候变暖也显著减小了松岭树木根生物量占比, 增大了树干生物量占比。气候变暖后, 松岭和塔河树木根冠比均显著减小。气候变暖会影响落叶松树木的径向生长和生物量的分配, 且这种影响因暖化程度的不同而存在一定的差异。

关键词: 气候变化, 落叶松, 移栽试验, 胸径, 生物量分配

Abstract:

Aims Studying the impact of climate warming on radial growth and biomass allocation of trees is crucial for accurately evaluating the carbon sequestration capacity of trees under climate change.
Methods In 2004, the seedlings of Larix gmelinii from four different locations (i.e., Tahe, Songling, Heihe and Dailing from north to south) were transplanted southward to a common garden at Mao’ershan Forestry Research Station in Heilongjiang Province to simulate climate warming. The radial growth and biomass allocation of trees in common garden and original sites were measured simultaneously.
Important findings Warming treatment significantly increased the radial growth of trees from Songling and Tahe sites. The stem diameter at breast height (DBH), diameter at 10 cm from the ground (D₁₀), relative increasing rate of DBH and D₁₀, and relative increasing rate per warming unit of DBH and D₁₀increased with the increasing warming degree. The relative increasing rate of DBH for Songling and Tahe sites were 58.62% and 101.49%, and the relative increasing rate per warming unit were 16.11%·°C^-1 and 18.79%·°C^-1, respectively. Warming treatment significantly decreased the proportion of leaf, branch and root biomass and increased the proportion of stem, aboveground biomass of trees from Tahe site. The proportion of root biomass significantly decreased and the proportion of stem biomass increased for the trees from Songling site under warming treatment. The root-shoot ratio significantly decreased for the trees from Songling and Tahe sites under warming treatment. Climate warming can affect the radial growth and biomass allocation of L. gmelinii, and this effect varied with the degree of warming.

Key words: climate change, Larix gmelinii, transplanting experiment, diameter at breast height, biomass allocation

梁逸娴, 王传宽, 臧妙涵, 上官虹玉, 刘逸潇, 全先奎. 落叶松径向生长和生物量分配对气候变暖的响应. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(4): 459-468. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0032

LIANG Yi-Xian, WANG Chuan-Kuan, ZANG Miao-Han, SHANGGUAN Hong-Yu, LIU Yi-Xiao, QUAN Xian-Kui. Responses of radial growth and biomass allocation of Larix gmelinii to climate warming. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(4): 459-468. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0032

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I4/459

图/表 7

参考文献 38

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地点 Site	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature (℃)	平均年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	1月平均气温 Mean air temperature in January (℃)	7月平均气温 Mean air temperature in July (℃)	无霜期 Frost-free period (d)	树木基径 Base diameter (cm)	树高 Height (m)
帽儿山 Mao’ershan	45.40	127.50	3.10	629.00	-18.50	22.00	140.00
带岭 Dailing	47.08	128.90	1.34	621.27	-22.00	20.30	139.00	3.42	0.77
黑河 Heihe	49.22	127.20	0.62	554.08	-25.50	19.50	90.00	4.36	1.72
松岭 Songling	50.72	124.42	-0.54	525.36	-26.30	17.60	93.80	2.62	2.99
塔河 Tahe	52.52	124.65	-2.30	463.44	-25.50	16.70	89.70	1.17	3.06

地点 Site	纬度 Latitude (° N)	经度 Longitude (° E)	年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature (℃)	平均年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	1月平均气温 Mean air temperature in January (℃)	7月平均气温 Mean air temperature in July (℃)	无霜期 Frost-free period (d)	树木基径 Base diameter (cm)	树高 Height (m)
帽儿山 Mao’ershan	45.40	127.50	3.10	629.00	-18.50	22.00	140.00
带岭 Dailing	47.08	128.90	1.34	621.27	-22.00	20.30	139.00	3.42	0.77
黑河 Heihe	49.22	127.20	0.62	554.08	-25.50	19.50	90.00	4.36	1.72
松岭 Songling	50.72	124.42	-0.54	525.36	-26.30	17.60	93.80	2.62	2.99
塔河 Tahe	52.52	124.65	-2.30	463.44	-25.50	16.70	89.70	1.17	3.06

参数 Parameter	处理 Treatment		地点 Site		处理 × 地点 Treatment × site
参数 Parameter	F	p	F	p	F	p
DBH	81.22	<0.01	235.29	<0.01	20.13	<0.01
D₁₀	90.49	<0.01	197.33	<0.01	22.34	<0.01
树叶生物量占比 Proportion of leaf biomass	7.09	<0.01	75.61	<0.01	13.93	<0.01
树枝生物量占比 Proportion of branch biomass	51.71	<0.01	36.73	<0.01	9.59	<0.01
树干生物量占比 Proportion of stem biomass	84.32	<0.01	165.94	<0.01	22.68	<0.01
树根生物量占比 Proportion of root biomass	47.24	<0.01	107.10	<0.01	14.81	<0.01
地上生物量占比 Proportion of aboveground biomass	47.26	<0.01	107.11	<0.01	14.88	<0.01
根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	49.98	<0.01	91.53	<0.01	16.14	<0.01

参数 Parameter	处理 Treatment		地点 Site		处理 × 地点 Treatment × site
参数 Parameter	F	p	F	p	F	p
DBH	81.22	<0.01	235.29	<0.01	20.13	<0.01
D₁₀	90.49	<0.01	197.33	<0.01	22.34	<0.01
树叶生物量占比 Proportion of leaf biomass	7.09	<0.01	75.61	<0.01	13.93	<0.01
树枝生物量占比 Proportion of branch biomass	51.71	<0.01	36.73	<0.01	9.59	<0.01
树干生物量占比 Proportion of stem biomass	84.32	<0.01	165.94	<0.01	22.68	<0.01
树根生物量占比 Proportion of root biomass	47.24	<0.01	107.10	<0.01	14.81	<0.01
地上生物量占比 Proportion of aboveground biomass	47.26	<0.01	107.11	<0.01	14.88	<0.01
根冠比 Root to shoot ratio	49.98	<0.01	91.53	<0.01	16.14	<0.01

来源 Origin	处理(胸径范围) Treatment (DBH range)	组分 Component	a	b	R²
带岭 Dailing	来源地	总体 Total	1.582	2.798	0.975
	Original site (8.85-15.40 cm)	地上部分 Aboveground	1.496	2.853	0.976
		根 Root	1.288	1.901	0.921
		干 Stem	1.477	2.799	0.952
		枝 Branch	0.138	3.242	0.986
		叶 Leaf	0.057	2.959	0.955
	同质园	总体 Total	1.883	2.469	0.995
	Common garden (6.90-18.85 cm)	地上部分 Aboveground	1.779	2.539	0.995
		根 Root	1.723	1.482	0.996
		干 Stem	1.778	2.495	0.994
		枝 Branch	-0.089	3.074	0.971
		叶 Leaf	0.152	2.852	0.945
黑河 Heihe	来源地	总体 Total	1.709	2.685	0.977
	Original site (6.73-17.00 cm)	地上部分 Aboveground	1.631	2.730	0.975
		根 Root	1.145	2.105	0.999
		干 Stem	1.574	2.724	0.963
		枝 Branch	0.327	2.926	0.971
		叶 Leaf	0.423	2.648	0.995
	同质园	总体 Total	1.808	2.512	0.960
	Common garden (6.60-16.90 cm)	地上部分 Aboveground	1.764	2.529	0.960
		根 Root	0.860	2.237	0.948
		干 Stem	1.695	2.538	0.957
		枝 Branch	0.719	2.464	0.944
		叶 Leaf	0.482	2.504	0.962
松岭 Songling	来源地	总体 Total	2.138	2.192	0.962
	Original site (4.41-8.00 cm)	地上部分 Aboveground	1.955	2.346	0.964
		根 Root	1.990	1.244	0.812
		干 Stem	1.863	2.328	0.957
		枝 Branch	1.103	2.390	0.971
		叶 Leaf	0.670	2.493	0.956
	同质园	总体 Total	2.103	2.132	0.945
	Common garden (5.90-13.50 cm)	地上部分 Aboveground	2.001	2.194	0.948
		根 Root	1.638	1.490	0.870
		干 Stem	1.890	2.222	0.946
		枝 Branch	1.081	2.215	0.939
		叶 Leaf	1.148	1.809	0.894
塔河 Tahe	来源地	总体 Total	2.861	0.974	0.886
	Original site (1.61-4.30 cm)	地上部分 Aboveground	2.628	1.195	0.878
		根 Root	2.504	0.484^b	0.882
		干 Stem	2.343	1.378	0.829
		枝 Branch	2.025	0.978^b	0.784
		叶 Leaf	1.897	0.974	0.838
	同质园	总体 Total	2.503	1.737	0.949
	Common garden (3.50-11.20 cm)	地上部分 Aboveground	2.320	1.865	0.954
		根 Root	2.266	1.056^a	0.887
		干 Stem	2.188	1.901	0.952
		枝 Branch	1.254	2.018^a	0.917
		叶 Leaf	1.669	1.395	0.911