浙江海岛濒危树种的保护与恢复

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0003

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 1583-1599.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0003

• 综述 • 上一篇

浙江海岛濒危树种的保护与恢复

贺艺¹^,^*, 周静¹^,^*, 陈宸¹^,^*, 房庭舟¹^,^*, 苏剑¹^,^*, 高浩杰³^,^*, 曹嘉浩¹, 杨飞宇¹, 范淇博¹, 朱乐瑶¹, 陈薏名¹, 杨飞¹, 王毅腾¹, 冯雷², 刘飞², 梁爽¹, 蒋明凯¹, 陈军¹, 赵云鹏¹, 陈伟乐¹, 赵颖³^,^**(), 黄建国¹^,^**()

¹植被结构功能与建造全国重点实验室, 浙江大学生命科学学院, 杭州 310058
²浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院, 杭州 310058
³舟山市林业科学研究院, 浙江舟山 316099

收稿日期:2025-01-02 接受日期:2025-09-18 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-11-20
通讯作者: **(Huang JG, jianguo.huang@zju.edu.cn;
Zhao Y, 1026742377@qq.com)
作者简介:第一联系人：* 同等贡献
基金资助:
浙江省重点研发计划(2024C03244);国家自然科学基金(32471669)

Protection and restoration of endangered tree species on coastal islands of Zhejiang, China

HE Yi¹^,^*, ZHOU Jing¹^,^*, CHEN Chen¹^,^*, FANG Ting-Zhou¹^,^*, SU Jian¹^,^*, GAO Hao-Jie³^,^*, CAO Jia-Hao¹, YANG Fei-Yu¹, FAN Qi-Bo¹, ZHU Le-Yao¹, CHEN Yi-Ming¹, YANG Fei¹, WANG Yi-Teng¹, FENG Lei², LIU Fei², LIANG Shuang¹, JIANG Ming-Kai¹, CHEN Jun¹, ZHAO Yun-Peng¹, CHEN Wei-Le¹, ZHAO Ying³^,^**(), HUANG Jian-Guo¹^,^**()

¹State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure, Function and Construction (VegLab), College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
²College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
³Zhoushan Forestry Science Research Institute, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316099, China

Received:2025-01-02 Accepted:2025-09-18 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-11-20
About author:First author contact:* Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2024C03244);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471669)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

濒危物种的保护和野外复壮是当前人类共同面对的重大课题, 亟需从多学科角度与多类型技术平台出发, 进行更科学合理的理论指导和应用实践, 以更好地服务于当地特色生态系统的生物多样性保护、产品产出和可持续发展。该文总结了过去濒危树种研究的成果及存在的问题, 聚焦浙江沿海特色濒危野生树种, 为海岛濒危树种保护与恢复提出未来研究方案。该方案以近自然生境建设和野生回归种群建设为核心目标, 结合全球变化生态学、树木年轮学、微生物生态学、群体遗传学与生物保护工程学, 从基因、细胞、个体、群落和生态系统多尺度开展研究。未来研究方向包括: 一是机理研究, 解析濒危树种的适应性遗传机制、种群衰退原因及根际微生物功能; 二是技术研发, 建立高效人工繁育技术、拟境栽培与微生物复壮技术; 三是装备制造, 开发集成监测系统与极端气候预警平台, 实现保护精准化与智能化; 四是应用示范, 建设示范基地, 将研究成果应用于种群恢复与近自然生境重建, 形成可推广的海岛濒危树种保护模式。该研究为沿海生态系统的生物多样性保护提供理论支撑、技术方案和示范案例。

关键词: 气候变化, 濒危树种, 近自然生境建设, 野生回归种群建设, 生物多样性保护

Abstract:

Conservation and restoration of endangered species represent a major challenge for humanity, requiring theoretical and practical guidance grounded in multidisciplinary perspectives and multi-platform technologies. Such efforts are essential to support biodiversity conservation, ecosystem productivity, and the sustainable development of local ecosystems. Focusing on endangered wild tree species along the coastal islands of Zhejiang Province, China, this paper reviews recent advances and existing limitations in their study and conservation. We propose an integrated conservation framework centered on near-natural habitat construction and population reintroduction, combining insights from global change ecology, dendrochronology, microbial ecology, population genetics, and conservation engineering. Future research should prioritize four key areas: (1) Mechanistic understanding, to elucidate adaptive genetic variation, population decline processes, and rhizosphere microbial functions; (2) Technological innovation, including efficient artificial propagation, quasi-natural cultivation, and microbial-assisted restoration; (3) Equipment development, such as integrated monitoring systems and early-warning tools for climate extremes; and (4) Applied demonstration, through the establishment of pilot sites for population recovery and habitat reconstruction. This framework provides a theoretical foundation, technical roadmap, and transferable model to advance biodiversity conservation in coastal ecosystems.

Key words: climate change, endangered tree species, near-natural habitat construction, wild population reintroduction, biodiversity conservation

贺艺, 周静, 陈宸, 房庭舟, 苏剑, 高浩杰, 曹嘉浩, 杨飞宇, 范淇博, 朱乐瑶, 陈薏名, 杨飞, 王毅腾, 冯雷, 刘飞, 梁爽, 蒋明凯, 陈军, 赵云鹏, 陈伟乐, 赵颖, 黄建国. 浙江海岛濒危树种的保护与恢复. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(10): 1583-1599. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0003

HE Yi, ZHOU Jing, CHEN Chen, FANG Ting-Zhou, SU Jian, GAO Hao-Jie, CAO Jia-Hao, YANG Fei-Yu, FAN Qi-Bo, ZHU Le-Yao, CHEN Yi-Ming, YANG Fei, WANG Yi-Teng, FENG Lei, LIU Fei, LIANG Shuang, JIANG Ming-Kai, CHEN Jun, ZHAO Yun-Peng, CHEN Wei-Le, ZHAO Ying, HUANG Jian-Guo. Protection and restoration of endangered tree species on coastal islands of Zhejiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(10): 1583-1599. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0003

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0003

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类别 Category	有居民海岛 Islands with residents	无居民海岛 Uninhabited islands
主要特征 Main characteristics	人类活动频繁, 建设开发压力大, 存在交通、居住、旅游等多重干扰因素 Frequent human activities, high development pressure, and multiple disturbances such as transportation, habitation, and tourism	相对封闭, 生态环境较原始, 自然干扰主导, 人工影响较少 Relatively isolated, with a more pristine ecological environment dominated by natural disturbances and minimal human influence
代表性岛屿 Representative islands	舟山岛、六横岛、岱山岛等 Zhoushan Island, Liuheng Island, Daishan Island, etc.	滩浒岛、七姊八妹列岛、马鞍列岛等 Tanxu Island, Qizibamei Archipelago, Ma’an Archipelago, etc.
核心威胁因素 Key threat factors	土地开发、植被破坏、外来物种入侵、旅游踩踏、污染排放等 Land development, vegetation destruction, invasive species, trampling by tourism, and pollution discharge	极端气候(台风、强风)、种群孤立、传粉与传播限制、种质退化等 Extreme weather (typhoons, strong winds), population isolation, pollination and dispersal limitations, and genetic degradation
保护修复策略 Conservation and restoration strategies	加强生态用地规划、建立社区共管机制、限制旅游业和海岛开发 Strengthen ecological land-use planning, establish community co-management mechanisms, and restrict tourism and island development	设立小型自然保护小区、加强种群监测与基因资源保护、限制进入频率和人为干扰 Establish small-scale nature reserves, enhance population monitoring and genetic resource conservation, and limit access frequency and human disturbance

类别 Category	有居民海岛 Islands with residents	无居民海岛 Uninhabited islands
主要特征 Main characteristics	人类活动频繁, 建设开发压力大, 存在交通、居住、旅游等多重干扰因素 Frequent human activities, high development pressure, and multiple disturbances such as transportation, habitation, and tourism	相对封闭, 生态环境较原始, 自然干扰主导, 人工影响较少 Relatively isolated, with a more pristine ecological environment dominated by natural disturbances and minimal human influence
代表性岛屿 Representative islands	舟山岛、六横岛、岱山岛等 Zhoushan Island, Liuheng Island, Daishan Island, etc.	滩浒岛、七姊八妹列岛、马鞍列岛等 Tanxu Island, Qizibamei Archipelago, Ma’an Archipelago, etc.
核心威胁因素 Key threat factors	土地开发、植被破坏、外来物种入侵、旅游踩踏、污染排放等 Land development, vegetation destruction, invasive species, trampling by tourism, and pollution discharge	极端气候(台风、强风)、种群孤立、传粉与传播限制、种质退化等 Extreme weather (typhoons, strong winds), population isolation, pollination and dispersal limitations, and genetic degradation
保护修复策略 Conservation and restoration strategies	加强生态用地规划、建立社区共管机制、限制旅游业和海岛开发 Strengthen ecological land-use planning, establish community co-management mechanisms, and restrict tourism and island development	设立小型自然保护小区、加强种群监测与基因资源保护、限制进入频率和人为干扰 Establish small-scale nature reserves, enhance population monitoring and genetic resource conservation, and limit access frequency and human disturbance

浙江海岛濒危树种的保护与恢复

Protection and restoration of endangered tree species on coastal islands of Zhejiang, China

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