珍稀濒危孑遗植物银杉的研究与保护现状

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0476

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 1572-1582.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0476

珍稀濒危孑遗植物银杉的研究与保护现状

高雨轩¹^,³^,⁴(), 苏艳军¹^,³^,⁴, 冯育才⁵, 张军⁶, 汪小全²^,³^,⁴, 刘玲莉¹^,³^,⁴^,^*()()

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093
²中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学重点实验室, 北京 100093
³国家植物园, 北京 100093
⁴中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
⁵贵州大沙河国家级自然保护区管理局, 贵州遵义 563500
⁶重庆市药物种植研究所, 重庆 408435

收稿日期:2024-12-31 接受日期:2025-03-04 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-11-20
通讯作者: *刘玲莉(lingli.liu@ibcas.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1301701)

Research and conservation status of the rare and endangered relict plant Cathaya argyrophylla

GAO Yu-Xuan¹^,³^,⁴(), SU Yan-Jun¹^,³^,⁴, FENG Yu-Cai⁵, ZHANG Jun⁶, WANG Xiao-Quan²^,³^,⁴, LIU Ling-Li¹^,³^,⁴^,^*()()

¹Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
⁵Guizhou Management Bureau of Dashahe National Nature Reserve, Zunyi, Guizhou 563500, China
⁶Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Chongqing 408435, China

Received:2024-12-31 Accepted:2025-03-04 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-11-20
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1301701)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

银杉(Cathaya argyrophylla)为国家一级保护植物, 是我国特有的“活化石”植物, 其野生个体总数不足2 500株。过去40余年, 我国学者对银杉的生物学特性、遗传多样性、栖息地要求、保护策略等开展了大量研究, 然而, 银杉的野生种群依然呈明显的衰退趋势, 保护形势严峻。该文系统总结了关于银杉的研究进展, 从生长与繁殖特性、地理分布、种群动态等方面剖析了其致濒因素。基于2023年对14个野生种群的调查, 发现银杉幼苗稀缺、幼树死亡率高, 种群结构呈现出明显的衰退特征, 表明银杉的自然更新受阻, 现有保护措施难以逆转其种群下降的趋势。尽管近年来在银杉幼苗人工培育、迁地保护等方面取得了一定的进展, 但银杉的遗传多样性保护依然存在很大差距, 亟需加强。在未来的银杉研究与保护中, 应强化多学科的融合和新技术的应用, 特别是利用高通量测序技术对银杉进行保护基因组学研究, 以揭示其致濒机制及适应潜力。此外, 也需结合多源遥感技术, 对种群动态与生境变化进行监测, 为银杉保护提供更精确的数据支持。

关键词: 生物多样性, 濒危植物, 濒危机制, 迁地保护, 就地保护

Abstract:

Cathaya argyrophylla, a National Class I protected plant and an endemic “living fossil” species in China, has fewer than 2 500 wild individuals. Over the past 40 years, extensive research have been conducted on its biological characteristics, genetic diversity, habitat requirements, and conservation strategies. However, C. argyrophylla wild populations continue to decline, presenting a severe conservation challenge. We reviewed the research progress on C. argyrophylla, analyzing its endangered status from aspects such as growth and reproduction traits, geographical distribution, and population dynamics. Additionally, we conducted surveys of fourteen wild populations in 2023 and found that C. argyrophylla seedlings are scarce, juvenile tree mortality rate is high, and population structure indicates a declining trend. This suggests that natural regeneration of C. argyrophylla is hindered, and the current conservation measures are insufficient to reverse the decline. Although progress has been made in seedling cultivation and ex situ conservation, there is still a significant gap in protecting the species’ genetic diversity, which requires urgent attention and improvement. Future research and conservation efforts should integrate multiple disciplines and apply new technologies, particularly high-throughput sequencing for conservation genomics, to reveal the endangerment mechanisms and adaptive potential of C. argyrophylla. Additionally, integration of multi-source remote sensing technologies is necessary to monitor population dynamics and habitat changes, which could provide more accurate data to support conservation of C. argyrophylla.

Key words: biodiversity, endangered plant, endangerment mechanism, ex situ conservation, in situ conservation

高雨轩, 苏艳军, 冯育才, 张军, 汪小全, 刘玲莉. 珍稀濒危孑遗植物银杉的研究与保护现状. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(10): 1572-1582. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0476

GAO Yu-Xuan, SU Yan-Jun, FENG Yu-Cai, ZHANG Jun, WANG Xiao-Quan, LIU Ling-Li. Research and conservation status of the rare and endangered relict plant Cathaya argyrophylla. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(10): 1572-1582. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0476

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0476

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I10/1572

图/表 4

图1 银杉属的起源、扩散和收缩。A, 银杉属的历史动态。B, 重庆金佛山老龙洞的银杉幼树。C, 现存的世界银杉王, 坐落在广西大瑶山。

Fig. 1 Origin, expansion and reduction of Cathaya. A, Historical dynamics of Cathaya. B, A Cathaya argyrophylla sapling located at Laolongdong, Jinfoshan National Nature Reserve, Chongqing. C, A close look at the world’s largest C. argyrophylla located at Dayaoshan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi.

表1 现存银杉野生种群规模

Table 1 Population size of the existing wild populations of Cathaya argyrophylla

分布区 Distribution area	保护区 Nature reserve (NR)	总个体数 Total abundance	幼苗株数 Number of seedlings	数据来源 Data source
大娄山 Dalou Mts.	大沙河国家级自然保护区 Dashahe National NR	866	197 (H < 1 m)	大沙河国家级自然保护区 Dashahe National NR
	金佛山国家级自然保护区 Jinfoshan National NR	562	153 (H < 1 m)	金佛山国家级自然保护区 Jinfoshan National NR
	白马山市级自然保护区 Baimashan Municipal NR	303	244 (H < 5 m)	Guan & Chen, 1986
	柏箐市级自然保护区 Baiqing Municipal NR	10		实地考察 Field investigation
八面山 Bamian Mts.	八面山国家级自然保护区 Bamianshan National NR	406	271 (D < 6 cm)	Han et al., 2018
八面山 Bamian Mts.	桃源洞国家级自然保护区 Taoyuandong National NR	60		桃源洞国家级自然保护区 Taoyuandong National NR
越城岭 Yuecheng Mts.	舜皇山国家级自然保护区 Shunhuangshan National NR	22		实地考察 Field investigation
越城岭 Yuecheng Mts.	花坪国家级自然保护区 Huaping National NR	124		花坪国家级自然保护区 Huaping National NR
大瑶山 Dayao Mts.	大瑶山国家级自然保护区 Dayaoshan National NR	104		大瑶山国家级自然保护区 Dayaoshan National NR
总计 Total		2 457

图2 现存银杉野生种群的地理分布。

Fig. 2 Geographic distribution of the existing wild populations of Cathaya argyrophylla.

图3 银杉的就地与迁地保护。A, B, 在贵州大沙河甑子岩开展的银杉幼苗就地保护。C, 重庆金佛山培育的银杉幼苗。D, 贵州大沙河青菜坪培育的银杉幼树。E, 广西花坪红滩培育的银杉成树。F, 湖南新宁崀山银杉人工林。G, 华西亚高山植物园龙池园区开展的银杉幼苗移栽试验。

Fig. 3 In situ and ex situ conservation of Cathaya argyrophylla. A, B, In situ conservation of C. argyrophylla seedlings at Zengziyan, Dashahe National Nature Reserve, Guizhou. C, Seedlings cultured at Jinfoshan National Nature Reserve, Chongqing. D, Young tree cultured at Qingcaiping, Dashahe National Nature Reserve, Guizhou. E, Mature tree cultured at Hongtan, Huaping National Nature Reserve, Guangxi. F, C. argyrophylla forest planted in Langshan, Xinning, Hunan. G, Transplanting experiment conducted in Longchi, West China Subalpine Botanical Garden.

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珍稀濒危孑遗植物银杉的研究与保护现状

Research and conservation status of the rare and endangered relict plant Cathaya argyrophylla

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