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塞罕坝地区优势造林树种叶片化学计量特征及其环境驱动

田地, 迟小龙, 石亮, 刘宵含, 赵常提, 吴梅, 张玉忠, 高永亮   

  1. 北京林业大学林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,, 北京 100083 中国
    中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态网络研究室,国家生态科学数据中心, 北京 100101 中国
    内蒙古自治区赤峰市克什克腾旗浩来呼热苏木人民政府林业工作站, 内蒙古自治区 025349 中国
    内蒙古克什克腾旗桦木沟林场, 内蒙古自治区 025349 中国
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06 修回日期:2025-10-10
  • 基金资助:
    “十四五”重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFD2201600); 中国科协第七届青年人才托举工程项目(2021QNRC001)

Stoichiometric characteristics of dominate afforestation tree species and their environmental drivers in the Saihanba Region

TIAN Di, CHI Xiao-Long, SHI Liang, LIU Xiao-Han, ZHAO Chang-Ti, WU Mei, ZHANG Yu-Zhong, GAO Yong-Liang   

  1. , State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China 100083, China
    , Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 100101, China
    , Forestry Work Station of Haolaihuhe Sumu (Sub-district) People's Government, Hexigten Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chifeng 025349, China 025349, China
    , Huamugou Forest Farm, Hexigten Banner, Inner Mongolia, Chifeng 025349, China. 025349, China
  • Received:2025-05-06 Revised:2025-10-10
  • Supported by:
    the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2201600); the 7th China Association for Science and Technology Young Talent Support Program(2021QNRC001)

摘要: 植物叶片化学计量特征与其光合作用、水分利用等生理生态功能密切相关。同一生境内不同树种的叶片化学计量特征反映出树木对环境养分资源的利用策略。我国塞罕坝地区广布着华北落叶松(Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii)和樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica)人工林,由于人工林传统经营中养分管理等方面的基础薄弱,导致目前普遍存在生产力低、生态系统服务功能不强等问题。为了从树木养分利用的视角,明确该地区不同造林树种的养分利用策略的差异及其驱动因素,进而为半干旱区人工营林树种选择、生态系统提质增效提供理论依据,本研究在塞罕坝地区设置野外调查固定样地,采集了两个优势树种的叶片和土壤样品,测定了碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)含量,计算其化学计量比,结合冗余分析和混合效应模型,解析了两个树种叶片化学计量特征及其环境驱动。结果表明:1)两个树种叶片化学计量特征存在显著差异,其中华北落叶松叶片N和P含量高于樟子松,而叶片C含量低于樟子松;2)华北落叶松的叶片化学计量特征随海拔变化显著,但樟子松无显著变化;3)在树木叶片化学计量特征的环境因子驱动方面,土壤养分含量的影响力超过了大气水热因子,土壤总碳含量解释了其变异的57.39% (p = 0.001),其次是年平均气温,解释了其变异的15.77% (p = 0.04);4)随年均气温升高,华北落叶松叶片P含量下降,C:P和N:P显著上升,而樟子松叶片化学计量特征无显著变化。可见,塞罕坝地区的樟子松通过保持相对稳定的叶片N-P计量特征,在适应低水养环境时遵循“保守型”策略;而华北落叶松则依赖较高的叶片N、P浓度和C:P、N:P,呈现随环境条件而变化的“活跃型/获取型”策略。本研究明确了华北落叶松和樟子松叶片化学计量特征的差异,为进一步开展养分调控树木生长实验,解析两树种生理生态过程的养分调控机制提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 叶片化学计量特征, 环境因子, 华北落叶松, 樟子松, 半干旱区, 海拔梯度

Abstract: The stoichiometric characteristics of plant leaves are closely linked to their physiological and ecological functions, such as photosynthesis and water-use efficiency. Among tree species within the same habitat, variations in their leaf stoichiometry reflect their distinct strategies for utilizing environmental and nutrient resources. In China’s Saihanba region, extensive plantations of Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii and Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica face challenges such as declining productivity and weakened ecosystem services, largely due to insufficient theoretical foundations in traditional nutrient management. To clarify the adaptive divergence and driving factors of the dominant afforestation species from a nutrient-use perspective and to provide scientific guidance for tree species selection and ecosystem enhancement in semi-arid regions, we conducted this study in Saihanba.

Key words: Leaf stoichiometric traits, environmental factors, Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica, semi-arid region, altitudinal gradient