贵州草海草-藻型稳态转换过程中叶绿素a的变化及其影响因子

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0181

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1171-1181.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0181

所属专题：光合作用

贵州草海草-藻型稳态转换过程中叶绿素a的变化及其影响因子

李安艳¹^,², 黄先飞¹^,², 田源斌¹^,², 董继兴¹^,², 郑菲菲¹^,², 夏品华¹^,²^,^*()

¹贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001
²贵州草海湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 贵州毕节 553199

收稿日期:2022-05-07 接受日期:2022-09-12 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2022-09-13
通讯作者: *夏品华(pinhuaxia@gznu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
贵州省科技计划项目(2021470);国家自然科学基金(41867056)

Chlorophyll a variation and its driving factors during phase shift from macrophyte- to phytoplankton-dominated states in Caohai Lake, Guizhou, China

LI An-Yan¹^,², HUANG Xian-Fei¹^,², TIAN Yuan-Bin¹^,², DONG Ji-Xing¹^,², ZHENG Fei-Fei¹^,², XIA Pin-Hua¹^,²^,^*()

¹Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
²Guizhou Caohai Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Bijie, Guizhou 553199, China

Received:2022-05-07 Accepted:2022-09-12 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2022-09-13
Contact: *XIA Pin-Hua(pinhuaxia@gznu.edu.cn)
Supported by:
Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province(2021470);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41867056)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来贵州草海呈现出以水生植物为主的草型清水稳态向以浮游植物为主的藻型浊水稳态转变的趋势, 生态功能降低。叶绿素a (Chl a)浓度是衡量浮游植物生物量的重要指标, 探究Chl a浓度变化对全面掌握草海生态状况及制定相应的恢复措施具有重要意义。该研究于2020-2021年夏秋季对草海水体进行采样, 分析草海草-藻型稳态转换过程中Chl a浓度的变化; 运用广义可加模型(GAM)分析各环境因子与Chl a浓度的关系。结果表明: 稳态转换后(2021年调查期间)草海水体Chl a浓度显著升高, Chl a浓度均值为(17.96 ± 10.62) μg·L^-1, 较稳态转换前(2020年调查期间)高出2.5倍; 草海营养状态由中营养状态发展为富营养状态, 水质恶化趋势明显; 单因素GAM模型结果显示, 高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)、总氮(TN)浓度和水温(WT)对Chl a浓度影响显著, 解释率较高(26.70%-33.30%); 环境因子影响程度为WT > COD_Mn > TN浓度。该研究认为COD_Mn、TN浓度是驱动湖区Chl a浓度变化的重要因子, WT则为诱导因子。草海沉水植被的大面积消亡和Chl a浓度显著升高, 表明草海正处于草型向藻型转换的关键节点, 须及时采取干预措施促进沉水植被恢复, 进一步深入研究草海稳态转换的成因及恢复对策。

关键词: 贵州草海, Chl a浓度, 稳态转换, 环境因子, GAM模型

Abstract:

Aims In recent years, the aquatic ecosystem of Caohai Lake, in Guizhou Province in southwest China, has shown a trend of phase shift from macrophyte- to phytoplankton-dominated states, which indicates the weakening ecological functioning of the lake. The chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration is an important indicator of phytoplankton biomass. It is of great significance to clarify the variation of Chl a concentration in comprehensively understanding the ecological status and developing feasible restoration measures for the Lake.

Methods Surface water samples were collected from the Lake in summers and autumns of 2020-2021 to analyze the variation of Chl a concentration. The generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to explore the relationship between each environmental factor and Chl a concentration.

Important findings The results showed that, the Chl a concentration in surface water of Caohai Lake increased during phase shift, with an average up to (17.96 ± 10.62) μg·L^-1(during the monitoring period in 2021), which was 2.5 times greater than that before the phase shift (during monitoring period in 2020). The comprehensive trophic state of the Lake changed from mesotrophic state to eutrophic state, and the water quality presented an obvious trend of deterioration. Results from the single-factor GAM analysis showed that permanganate index (COD_Mn), total nitrogen (TN) concentration and water temperature (WT) had significant effects on Chl a concentration, which among all investigated environmental factors, account for 26.70%-33.30% of the concentration variation of Chl a, with WT, COD_Mn, TN concentration exhibiting the largest, intermediate, and smallest impact respectively. Based on the present study, it is concluded that COD_Mnand TN concentration were important factors driving the variation of Chl a concentration in Caohai Lake, and WT was an inducing factor. The massive extinction of submerged macrophyte and the significant increase of Chl a concentration indicated that the Lake is in phase shift from macrophyte- to phytoplankton-dominated state. Feasible measures should be developed timely to promote the restoration of submerged macrophyte, and further studies on phase shift mechanisms and restoration measures for the Lake should be carried out.

Key words: Caohai Lake, Guizhou, chlorophyll a concentration, regime shift, environmental factor, GAM model

李安艳, 黄先飞, 田源斌, 董继兴, 郑菲菲, 夏品华. 贵州草海草-藻型稳态转换过程中叶绿素a的变化及其影响因子. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(8): 1171-1181. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0181

LI An-Yan, HUANG Xian-Fei, TIAN Yuan-Bin, DONG Ji-Xing, ZHENG Fei-Fei, XIA Pin-Hua. Chlorophyll a variation and its driving factors during phase shift from macrophyte- to phytoplankton-dominated states in Caohai Lake, Guizhou, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(8): 1171-1181. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0181

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0181

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I8/1171

图/表 7

图1 草海水域中监测点位布设。

Fig. 1 Location of monitoring and sampling sites in Caohai Lake.

图2 贵州草海水体叶绿素a (Chl a)浓度的季节变化规律(平均值±标准误)。

Fig. 2 Seasonal variation of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in Caohai Lake of Guizhou Province (mean ± SE).

图3 2020-2021年夏秋季贵州草海水体叶绿素a (Chl a)浓度的空间分布图。

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in Caohai Lake of Guizhou Province in summers and autumns of 2020-2021.

图4 贵州草海水体理化指标和综合营养状态的变化(平均值±标准误)。CODMn, 高锰酸盐指数; NH3-N, 氨氮浓度; TLI, 综合营养状态指数; TN, 总氮浓度; TP, 总磷浓度; WT, 水温。

Fig. 4 Temporal variation of water physicochemical status and trophic levels in Caohai Lake of Guizhou Province (mean ± SE). CODMn, permanganate index; NH3-N, ammonia nitrogen concentration; TLI, trophic level index; TN, total nitrogen concentration; TP, total phosphorus concentration; WT, water temperature.

表1 2020-2021年调查期间贵州草海水体叶绿素a (Chl a)浓度变化的单因素广义可加模型(GAM)拟合结果

Table 1 Fitting results of single factor to the variation of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration in Caohai Lake of Guizhou Province during the investigation period from 2020 to 2021 based on generalized additive model (GAM)

环境因子 Environmental factor	自由度 Degree of freedom	参考自由度 Reference degree of freedom	F	p	解释率 Deviance explained (%)	R_adj
TN	4.648	5.722	9.425	<2e-16^***	26.70	0.245
TP	1.643	2.048	0.763	0.456	1.49	0.005
NH₃-N	4.933	6.024	2.908	0.011^*	11.60	0.088
COD_Mn	5.863	7.051	9.555	<2e-16^***	31.60	0.290
pH	3.048	3.862	2.746	0.028^*	7.85	0.061
WT	5.926	7.083	10.280	<2e-16^***	33.30	0.307
TN/TP	4.433	5.398	2.329	0.042^*	9.02	0.064

图5 贵州草海环境因子对水体叶绿素a (Chl a)浓度的影响效应。横坐标为环境因子的实测值, 纵坐标为环境因子影响下Chl a浓度的拟合值, 实线表示反映关系的加性函数, 两条虚线表示95%的置信区间。CODMn, 高锰酸盐指数; TN, 总氮浓度; WT, 水温。

Fig. 5 Effect of environmental factors on chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in Caohai Lake of Guizhou Province. The abscissa is the measured values of single environmental factor, and the ordinate is the fitting values of single environmental factor for Chl a concentrations. The solid line represents the additive function reflecting the relationships between Chl a concentrations and environmental factors, and the two dotted lines represent the confidence interval at 95% level. CODMn, permanganate index; TN, total nitrogen concentration; WT, water temperature.

图6 贵州草海水体叶绿素a (Chl a)浓度历年变化情况。2010年10月、2016年8月和2017年11月数据分别源于潘静等(2012)、代亮亮等(2020b)、代亮亮等(2020a); 2014年8月和11月数据源于蔡国俊等(2016); 2017年11月、2018年7月和11月数据源于宋旭(2020); 2020年7-11月和2021年6-11月数据源于本研究。

Fig. 6 Variation of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations in Caohai Lake of Guizhou Province during the past years. Data of October in 2010, August in 2016 and November in 2017 were referred from literature published by Pan et al. (2012), Dai et al. (2020b) and Dai et al. (2020a), respectively; data of August and November in 2014 were referred from literature published by Cai et al. (2016); data of November in 2017, July and November in 2018 were referred from literature published by Song (2020); data from July to November in 2020 and June to November in 2021 are from present study.

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贵州草海草-藻型稳态转换过程中叶绿素a的变化及其影响因子

Chlorophyll a variation and its driving factors during phase shift from macrophyte- to phytoplankton-dominated states in Caohai Lake, Guizhou, China

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