环境因子对海南岛野生兰科植物物种组成与分布格局的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0147

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (12): 1341-1349.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0147

环境因子对海南岛野生兰科植物物种组成与分布格局的影响

左永令¹, 杨小波¹^,^*(), 李东海¹, 吴二焕², 杨宁³, 李龙¹, 张培春¹, 陈琳¹, 李晨笛¹

¹海南大学生态与环境学院, 海口 570228
²海南大学生命科学与药学院, 海口 570228
³海南大学热带作物学院, 海口 570228

收稿日期:2021-04-19 接受日期:2021-08-26 出版日期:2021-12-20 发布日期:2021-10-15
通讯作者: 杨小波
作者简介:^*(yanfengxb@163.com)
基金资助:
国家林业和草原局兰科植物资源专项调查项目(2020070707);国家自然科学基金(31760170)

Effects of environmental variables on the species composition and distribution patterns of wild orchids in Hainan Island

ZUO Yong-Ling¹, YANG Xiao-Bo¹^,^*(), LI Dong-Hai¹, WU Er-Huan², YANG Ning³, LI Long¹, ZHANG Pei-Chun¹, CHEN Lin¹, LI Chen-Di¹

¹School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
²School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
³College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China

Received:2021-04-19 Accepted:2021-08-26 Online:2021-12-20 Published:2021-10-15
Contact: YANG Xiao-Bo
Supported by:
Special Survey of Wild Orchid Resources of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration(2020070707);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760170)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海南岛是中国兰科植物物种丰富度较高的地区, 了解环境因子对海南岛野生兰科植物物种组成和分布格局的影响, 对于该地区野生兰科植物的保护管理和相关研究具有重要指导意义。基于海南岛野生兰科植物调查分布样方的植被类型、海拔、坡向、坡度、年平均气温、年降水量的数据, 采用典范相关分析探索了环境因子对物种组成的影响, 并计算各个环境因子对物种组成的总效应与净效应, 同时分析了6个环境因子对野生兰科植物分布格局的影响。结果表明, 所选的6个环境因子共解释了海南岛野生兰科植物组成变异的3.7%; 植被类型、海拔、年平均气温、年降水量、坡向、坡度这6个环境因子的总效应与净效应均达显著水平, 但其解释率依次减小。所选的6个环境因子对海南岛野生兰科植物的分布均有影响, 野生兰科植物在海南岛主要分布在中海拔段、5°-35°的坡度范围、阴坡与半阴坡、年平均气温较低且年降水量较高的环境, 并且于原生植被中分布最多。

关键词: 兰科植物, 环境因子, 物种组成, 分布格局, 海南岛

Abstract:

Aims Hainan Island is an area with high species richness of orchids in China. Understanding the impact of environmental variables on the composition and distribution patterns of wild orchids in Hainan Island is critical for the protection and management of wild orchid species and relevant research in the region.

Methods Based on the data of vegetation type, altitude, aspect, slope, mean annual air temperature and precipitation of wild orchids in Hainan Island, this study detected the relationship between species composition and environmental variables by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), calculated the gross and net effects on species composition for each environmental variable by partial CCA. The effects of different gradients of six environmental variables on the distribution pattern of wild orchids were analyzed.

Important findings The six selected environmental variables explained 3.7% of the variation in the composition of wild orchid plants in Hainan Island. The total and net effects of the six environmental factors including vegetation type, altitude, mean annual air temperature, precipitation, slope aspect, and slope gradient reached a significant level, but their effect intensities decreased successively. The selected six environmental variables all have an impact on the distribution of wild orchids in Hainan Island. Wild orchids in Hainan Island are mainly distributed in areas with the middle altitude, the shady and semi-shady slopes with the slope gradient of 5°-35°, and the environment with low mean annual air temperature and high mean annual precipitation. They are most distributed in native vegetation.

Key words: orchids, environmental variables, species composition, distribution patterns, Hainan Island

左永令, 杨小波, 李东海, 吴二焕, 杨宁, 李龙, 张培春, 陈琳, 李晨笛. 环境因子对海南岛野生兰科植物物种组成与分布格局的影响. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(12): 1341-1349. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0147

ZUO Yong-Ling, YANG Xiao-Bo, LI Dong-Hai, WU Er-Huan, YANG Ning, LI Long, ZHANG Pei-Chun, CHEN Lin, LI Chen-Di. Effects of environmental variables on the species composition and distribution patterns of wild orchids in Hainan Island. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(12): 1341-1349. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0147

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0147

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I12/1341

图/表 5

图1 海南岛野生兰科植物调查样方位置示意图。

Fig. 1 Location of the field survey plots of wild orchids in Hainan Island.

表1 环境因子与典范对应分析(CCA)前4排序轴的相关系数及排序概要

Table 1 Correlation coefficients between environmental variables and the first four canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination axes and ordination summary

环境因子及排序概要 Environmental variable and summary of ordination	第1轴 Axis 1	第2轴 Axis 2	第3轴 Axis 3	第4轴 Axis 4
环境因子 Environmental variable
坡度 Slope gradient	0.109 7	0.014 3	0.220 5	-0.246 4
坡向 Slope aspect	-0.209 3	0.155 1	-0.275 1	0.234 9
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature	-0.579 0	0.437 5	-0.185 7	-0.078 9
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation	0.546 6	-0.361 4	-0.001 5	-0.366 1
海拔 Altitude	0.848 1	0.036 1	0.126 9	-0.020 5
山地雨林 Mountain rainforest	0.747 2	-0.044 2	-0.296 5	-0.179 7
低地雨林 Tropical lowland rainforest	-0.301 3	-0.133 1	0.503 9	-0.019 5
低地雨林次生林 Tropical lowland rainforest secondary forest	-0.360 0	0.217 2	-0.307 3	0.069 8
针叶林 Coniferous forest	-0.036 6	-0.092 7	0.145 0	0.309 1
旱地农业生产植被 Dryland agricultural production vegetation	-0.240 9	0.159 5	-0.222 1	-0.051 8
CCA排序概要 Summary of CCA ordination
特征值 Eigenvalues	0.652 6	0.400 8	0.369 6	0.297 2
物种组成变异累积解释率 Explained variation (cumulative) of species composition	0.95	1.53	2.06	2.49
典范轴的相关性 Pseudo-canonical correlation	0.871 3	0.725 4	0.727 4	0.670 7
物种-环境关系累积解释率 Explained fitted variation (cumulative) of species-environment	25.59	41.30	55.80	67.45

图2 物种与环境因子的典范对应分析(CCA)双序图。E1, 坡度; E2, 坡向; E3, 年平均气温; E4, 年降水量; E5, 海拔; V1, 山地雨林; V2, 低地雨林; V3, 低地雨林次生林; V4, 旱地农业生产植被; V5, 针叶林。1, 斑叶兰; 2, 绿花斑叶兰; 3, 伏生石豆兰; 4, 全唇盂兰; 5, 美丽云叶兰; 6, 吻兰; 7, 无耳沼兰; 8, 钗子股; 9, 火焰兰; 10, 大尖囊蝴蝶兰; 11, 石仙桃; 12, 牛角兰; 13, 流苏贝母兰; 14, 粗茎苹兰; 15, 黑毛石斛; 16, 芳香石豆兰; 17, 钟兰; 18, 指叶拟毛兰; 19, 石斛; 20, 多花兰; 21, 窄唇蜘蛛兰; 22, 多花脆兰; 23, 竹枝石斛; 24, 橙黄玉凤花; 25, 红花隔距兰; 26, 戟唇石豆兰; 27, 长苞苹兰; 28, 长距虾脊兰; 29, 美花隔距兰; 30, 云叶兰。

Fig. 2 Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) biplot of species and environmental variables. E1, slope gradient; E2, slope aspect; E3, mean annual air temperature; E4, mean annual precipitation; E5, altitude; V1, mountain rainforest; V2, tropical lowland rainforest; V3, tropical lowland rainforest secondary forest; V4, dryland agricultural production vegetation; V5, coniferous forest. 1, Goodyera schlechtendaliana; 2, G. viridiflora; 3, Bulbophyllum reptans; 4, Lecanorchis nigricans; 5, Nephelaphyllum pulchrum; 6, Collabium chinense; 7, Dienia ophrydis; 8, Luisia morsei; 9, Renanthera coccinea; 10, Phalaenopsis deliciosa; 11, Pholidota chinensis; 12, Ceratostylis hainanensis; 13, Coelogyne fimbriata; 14, Pinalia amica; 15, Dendrobium williamsonii; 16, Bulbophyllum ambrosia; 17, Campanulorchis thao; 18, Mycaranthes pannea; 19, Dendrobium nobile; 20, Cymbidium floribundum; 21, Arachnis labrosa; 22, Acampe rigida; 23, Dendrobium salaccense; 24, Habenaria rhodocheila; 25, Cleisostoma williamsonii; 26, Bulbophyllum depressum; 27, Pinalia obvia; 28, Calanthe sylvatica; 29, Cleisostoma birmanicum; 30, Nephelaphyllum tenuiflorum.

图3 野生兰科植物物种分布数与6个环境因子的关系。V1, 山地雨林; V2, 低地雨林; V3, 低地雨林次生林; V4, 旱地农业生产植被; V5, 针叶林。

Fig. 3 Relationship between the species richness of wild orchids and six environmental variables. V1, mountain rainforest; V2, tropical lowland rainforest; V3, tropical lowland rainforest secondary forest; V4, dryland agricultural production vegetation; V5, coniferous forest.

表2 环境因子对物种组成的总效应与净效应

Table 2 Gross and net effects of environmental variables on species composition

环境因子 Environmental variable	总效应 Gross effect	F	p	净效应 Net effect	F	p
植被 Vegetation	1.8	2.6	0.001	1.2	1.8	0.001
海拔 Altitude	0.9	5.4	0.001	0.6	3.4	0.001
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature	0.7	4.1	0.001	0.4	2.4	0.001
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation	0.7	3.9	0.001	0.4	2.3	0.001
坡向 Slope aspect	0.4	2.2	0.001	0.3	1.8	0.001
坡度 Slope gradient	0.3	1.9	0.002	0.3	1.7	0.007

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环境因子对海南岛野生兰科植物物种组成与分布格局的影响

Effects of environmental variables on the species composition and distribution patterns of wild orchids in Hainan Island

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