神农架极小种群植物庙台槭群落特征及种群动态

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0091

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 80-91.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0091

所属专题：植被生态学

神农架极小种群植物庙台槭群落特征及种群动态

王雨婷¹, 刘旭婧¹, 唐驰飞¹, 陈玮钰¹, 王美娟², 向松竹², 刘梅², 杨林森³, 傅强¹, 晏召贵¹, 孟红杰¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()()

¹华中农业大学园艺林学学院, 武汉 430070
²神农架林区林业科学研究院, 湖北神农架 442499
³神农架国家公园管理局, 神农架金丝猴保育生物学湖北省重点实验室, 湖北神农架 442421
⁴神农架农林产业研究院, 湖北神农架 442499

收稿日期:2023-03-30 接受日期:2023-06-10 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-12-22
通讯作者: *(menghj20@mail.hzau.edu.cn) ORCID: 0000-0002-9246-7729
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31800347);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2662021YLQD001);中国博士后科学基金(2019M652742)

Community characteristics and population dynamics of Acer miaotaiense, an extremely small population species in Shennongjia, China

WANG Yu-Ting¹, LIU Xu-Jing¹, TANG Chi-Fei¹, CHEN Wei-Yu¹, WANG Mei-Juan², XIANG Song-Zhu², LIU Mei², YANG Lin-Sen³, FU Qiang¹, YAN Zhao-Gui¹, MENG Hong-Jie¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()()

¹College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
²Shennongjia Academy of Forestry, Shennongjia, Hubei 442499, China
³Shennongjia National Park Administration, Hubei Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Snub-nosed Monkeys in Shennongjia, Shennongjia, Hubei 442421, China
⁴Shennongjia Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Industry, Shennongjia, Hubei 442499, China

Received:2023-03-30 Accepted:2023-06-10 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-12-22
Contact: *(menghj20@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800347);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662021YLQD001);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M652742)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种群和群落特征分析是揭示物种濒危处境最有效的途径之一。庙台槭(Acer miaotaiense)是极小种群野生植物, 被列为国家二级保护植物。然而, 由于对神农架地区庙台槭资源状况和群落特征不清楚, 严重制约该物种的保护成效。该研究对神农架地区庙台槭种群及其所在的群落开展调查, 揭示群落的物种组成和群落结构; 通过分析庙台槭种群的径级结构, 绘制静态生命表和存活曲线, 并分析种群动态变化指数, 揭示庙台槭的种群动态。结果表明: (1)群落内共有木本植物33种, 隶属于15科20属, 群落内优势种为胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)、千金榆(Carpinus cordata)、金钱槭(Dipteronia sinensis)和华榛(Corylus chinensis); (2)庙台槭的相对优势度为2.23%, 非群落内优势种; (3)神农架庙台槭分布范围十分狭窄(面积约1.7 hm²), 种群规模小(79株); (4)庙台槭种群内幼龄个体占比较高(79.75%), 更新较好; (5)物种存活曲线属Deevey-II型, 种群各龄级的死亡率基本相同, 但在幼树阶段死亡率增高, 在大树阶段(12.5 cm ≤胸径< 17.5 cm)死亡率达到高峰(62.5%); (6)庙台槭种群内结实个体少, 种子败育率高(58.15%), 抗外界干扰能力弱。综上所述, 种群规模小、分布范围狭窄、抗干扰能力弱可能是导致神农架地区庙台槭种群濒危的主要原因, 推测神农架庙台槭种群处于衰退趋势。因此, 应该对神农架地区庙台槭种群加强就地保护, 尤其是开展幼树阶段的管护。未来应重视对庙台槭种群和群落的长期监测, 并开展幼苗繁育及种群恢复的工作。

关键词: 庙台槭, 物种组成, 种群结构, 极小种群植物, 胸径

Abstract:

Aims Analyzing characteristics of the population and community is one of the most effective approaches to determining their endangered status. Listed as second-level endangered species, Acer miaotaiense was regarded as an extremely small population species. However, as details on the distribution and population characteristics of the species are lacking in Shennongjia area, the conservation of this species is severely constrained.

Methods This study investigated population and community characteristics of A. miaotaiense in Shennongjia area. We studied the population dynamics of the species by analyzing its age structure, static life table, and survival curve.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) there were 33 species of woody plants belonging to 15 families and 20 genera in the community, and the dominant species in the community were Juglans mandshurica, Carpinus cordata, Dipteronia sinensis and Corylus chinensis. (2) The relative importance value of A. miaotaiense was 2.23%, making it a non-dominant species in the community. (3) The distribution range of A. miaotaiense in Shennongjia was very narrow (about 1.7 hm²), and the population size was small (79 plants). (4) The proportion of young individuals of A. miaotaiense was relatively high (79.75%), indicating good regeneration. (5) The species survival curve belonged to the Deevey-II type, and the mortality rate of each age group of the population was similar. However, the mortality rate increased in the juvenile stage and peaked (62.5%) in the adult stage (12.5 cm ≤ diameter at breast height < 17.5 cm). (6) Fruiting individuals were rare, and a high percentage of seeds (58.15%) was non-viable, and resistance to external disturbance was low. In summary, the small population size, narrow distribution range, and low resistance to external disturbance are the likely factors contributing to the endangered status of A. miaotaiense in Shennongjia area. We believe that the population of A. miaotaiense in Shennongjia area is declining. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen in situ conservation of the existing A. miaotaiense population, especially the young trees in the Shennongjia area. In the future, programs should be set up to monitor the population dynamics of the species and carry out seedling breeding for population restoration of the species.

Key words: Acer miaotaiense, species composition, population structure, plant species with extremely small population, diameter at breast height

王雨婷, 刘旭婧, 唐驰飞, 陈玮钰, 王美娟, 向松竹, 刘梅, 杨林森, 傅强, 晏召贵, 孟红杰. 神农架极小种群植物庙台槭群落特征及种群动态. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(1): 80-91. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0091

WANG Yu-Ting, LIU Xu-Jing, TANG Chi-Fei, CHEN Wei-Yu, WANG Mei-Juan, XIANG Song-Zhu, LIU Mei, YANG Lin-Sen, FU Qiang, YAN Zhao-Gui, MENG Hong-Jie. Community characteristics and population dynamics of Acer miaotaiense, an extremely small population species in Shennongjia, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(1): 80-91. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0091

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图/表 6

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物种 Species	多度 Abundance	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²·hm^-2)	相对优势度 Relative importance (%)	重要值 Importance value (%)
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	16	10.38	32.92	16.65
千金榆 Carpinus cordata	21	2.61	8.26	9.87
金钱槭 Dipteronia sinensis	8	3.88	12.29	7.71
华榛 Corylus chinensis	7	2.79	8.86	6.75
建始槭 Acer henryi	9	2.40	7.62	5.59
栓翅卫矛 Euonymus phellomanus	15	0.22	0.69	5.31
庙台槭 Acer miaotaiense	14	0.70	2.23	5.23
五角槭 Acer pictum subsp. mono	10	0.79	2.50	4.87
漆 Toxicodendron vernicifluum	3	2.82	8.93	4.38
鸡爪槭 Acer palmatum	7	1.18	3.73	3.87
西南卫矛 Euonymus hamiltonianus	6	0.12	0.39	3.71
锐齿槲栎 Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata	4	1.17	3.72	2.85
苦糖果 Lonicera fragrantissima var. lancifolia	5	0.11	0.33	2.32
华中樱桃 Cerasus conradinae	3	0.43	1.37	2.25
细齿稠李 Prunus obtusata	4	0.23	0.73	2.24
圆叶鼠李 Rhamnus globosa	4	0.04	0.13	2.04
大果卫矛 Euonymus myrianthus	5	0.21	0.65	2.04
少脉椴 Tilia paucicostata	3	0.18	0.56	1.98
其他 Others	15	1.28	4.07	10.32
总计 Total	159	31.54	100.00	100.00

物种 Species	多度 Abundance	胸高断面积 Basal area (m²·hm^-2)	相对优势度 Relative importance (%)	重要值 Importance value (%)
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	16	10.38	32.92	16.65
千金榆 Carpinus cordata	21	2.61	8.26	9.87
金钱槭 Dipteronia sinensis	8	3.88	12.29	7.71
华榛 Corylus chinensis	7	2.79	8.86	6.75
建始槭 Acer henryi	9	2.40	7.62	5.59
栓翅卫矛 Euonymus phellomanus	15	0.22	0.69	5.31
庙台槭 Acer miaotaiense	14	0.70	2.23	5.23
五角槭 Acer pictum subsp. mono	10	0.79	2.50	4.87
漆 Toxicodendron vernicifluum	3	2.82	8.93	4.38
鸡爪槭 Acer palmatum	7	1.18	3.73	3.87
西南卫矛 Euonymus hamiltonianus	6	0.12	0.39	3.71
锐齿槲栎 Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata	4	1.17	3.72	2.85
苦糖果 Lonicera fragrantissima var. lancifolia	5	0.11	0.33	2.32
华中樱桃 Cerasus conradinae	3	0.43	1.37	2.25
细齿稠李 Prunus obtusata	4	0.23	0.73	2.24
圆叶鼠李 Rhamnus globosa	4	0.04	0.13	2.04
大果卫矛 Euonymus myrianthus	5	0.21	0.65	2.04
少脉椴 Tilia paucicostata	3	0.18	0.56	1.98
其他 Others	15	1.28	4.07	10.32
总计 Total	159	31.54	100.00	100.00

龄级 Age class	存活数 No. of survival	V_x	V_pi	V′_pi
I	20	-23.08	0.277	0.035
II	26	34.62
III	17	52.94
IV	8	62.50
V	3	33.33
VI	2	50.00
VII	1	-50.00
VIII	2	100.00

龄级 Age class	存活数 No. of survival	V_x	V_pi	V′_pi
I	20	-23.08	0.277	0.035
II	26	34.62
III	17	52.94
IV	8	62.50
V	3	33.33
VI	2	50.00
VII	1	-50.00
VIII	2	100.00

龄级 Age class	A_x	a_x	l_x	ln l_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	S_x	K_x
I	20	24	1 000	6.908	125	0.125	937.500	2 833	2.833	0.875	0.134
II	26	21	875	6.774	125	0.143	812.500	1 896	2.167	0.857	0.154
III	17	18	750	6.620	375	0.500	562.500	1 083	1.444	0.500	0.693
IV	8	9	375	5.927	250	0.667	250.000	521	1.389	0.333	1.099
V	3	3	125	4.828	42	0.333	104.167	271	2.167	0.667	0.409
VI	2	2	83	4.419	0	0.000	83.333	167	2.000	1.000	0.000
VII	1	2	83	4.419	42	0.500	62.500	83	1.000	0.500	0.681
VIII	2	1	42	3.738	-	-	20.833	21	0.500	-	3.738

神农架极小种群植物庙台槭群落特征及种群动态

Community characteristics and population dynamics of Acer miaotaiense, an extremely small population species in Shennongjia, China

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