珍稀濒危植物大苞山茶种群结构与动态特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0488

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 1684-1692.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0488

珍稀濒危植物大苞山茶种群结构与动态特征

林春惠¹^,², 顾惠怡¹, 叶钦良³, 张志坚³, 钟智明³, 易绮斐¹^,²^,^*()

¹中国科学院华南植物园, 广东省应用植物学重点实验室, 广州 510650
²仲恺农业工程学院, 广州 510225
³广东省紫金白溪省级自然保护区管理处, 广东紫金 517400

收稿日期:2022-12-05 接受日期:2023-07-06 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-07-06
通讯作者: *(yiqifei@scbg.ac.cn)
基金资助:
广东省重点领域研发计划(2022B1111040003);广东省林业科技计划(202006012)

Characteristics of population structure and dynamics in endangered Camellia granthamiana

LIN Chun-Hui¹^,², GU Hui-Yi¹, YE Qin-Liang³, ZHANG Zhi-Jian³, ZHONG Zhi-Ming³, YI Qi-Fei¹^,²^,^*()

¹Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
²Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
³Guangdong Zijin Baixi Provincial Nature Reserve Administrate Office, Zijin, Guangdong 517400, China

Received:2022-12-05 Accepted:2023-07-06 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-07-06
Contact: *(yiqifei@scbg.ac.cn)
Supported by:
Supported by Research and Development Program in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(2022B1111040003);Forestry Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province(202006012)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨大苞山茶(Camellia granthamiana)的野外种群结构, 揭示大苞山茶种群的更新过程及发展趋势, 可为其保护及可持续利用提供科学依据。该研究以广东省紫金县内的两个大苞山茶种群作为研究对象, 通过编制静态生命表, 计算数量动态指数, 绘制存活曲线和种群生存力函数曲线, 并采用种群数量时间序列预测的方法对大苞山茶种群的结构和动态特征进行分析。主要结果如下: 1)两个大苞山茶的种群均为幼龄个体占比高的金字塔型结构, 鹿子嶂种群和杨梅坝种群的幼龄个体(I、II龄级)分别占总数的71.48%、64.32%, 但幼苗死亡率高; 2)两个种群的存活曲线均趋近于Deevey-II型, 说明大苞山茶各龄级死亡率基本相同; 3)两个种群在忽略外部干扰时的数量动态指数(V_pi)和考虑外部干扰时的数量动态指数(V′_pi)均大于0, 而V′_pi趋近于0, 属于不稳定的增长型种群, 其中, 杨梅坝种群的稳定性相对较好; 4)生存函数分析表明, 两个种群的生存率和累计死亡率在I、II龄级达到了平衡, V龄级后生存曲线变化幅度变小, 有限的个体开始进入生理衰退期; 5)时间序列预测的结果为: 在经历未来2、4、6、8龄级后, 每个龄级的个体数量均有不同程度的增加。综上所述, 大苞山茶种群幼龄个体死亡率高, 但仍有一定的更新潜力。野外调查中发现人为干扰对大苞山茶种群的影响较大, 应避免人为砍伐破环, 同时对幼苗进行迁地或就地保护, 提高幼苗存活率。

关键词: 大苞山茶, 种群结构, 静态生命表, 生存函数, 时间序列预测

Abstract:

Aims The study investigated the population structure of wild Camellia granthamiana, and examined its regeneration processes and grwoth development, for purpose of guiding conservation and sustainable utilization of the species.
Methods The structure and dynamics of two populations of C. granthamiana in Zijin, Guangdong, were studied with a static life table, dynamic indices, survival curves, population function curves, and the method of time sequence prediction.
Important findings 1) The two populations of C. granthamiana displayed pyramidal structures with high proportion of young individuals; the young individuals (I to II age class) of the Luzizhang and Yangmeiba populations accounted for 71.48% and 64.32% of the total, respectively, with a high mortality rate. 2) The survival curves of the two populations tended to be in the form of Deevey-II, indicating that the mortality rates in different age classes were similar. 3) The numerical dynamic index ignoring the external interference (V_pi) and that accounting for the external interference (V′_pi) are both greater than zero in the two populations, with V′_pi approaching zero, suggesting unstable population growth. The Yangmeiba population was relatively more stable. 4) The survival function analysis shows that the survival rate and cumulative mortality of the two populations reached a balance between the age classes of I to II; after the age class of V, the survival curve changed slightly, and limited number of individuals began to enter the physiological decline stage. 5) It is predicted that the number of individuals in each age class will increase in different degrees after 2, 4, 6 and 8 age classes in the future. In summary, the mortality rate of young individuals in the population of C. granthamiana is high, but there is still a certain potential for renewal. In the field investigation, it was found that the human disturbance had a great impact on the population of C. granthamiana. Therefore, for conservation and sustainable utilization of the natural populations of this endangered species, cutting should be strictly prohibited, and both ex situ and in situ protections of the seedlings are advisable.

Key words: Camellia granthamiana, population structure, static life table, survival function, time sequence prediction

林春惠, 顾惠怡, 叶钦良, 张志坚, 钟智明, 易绮斐. 珍稀濒危植物大苞山茶种群结构与动态特征. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(12): 1684-1692. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0488

LIN Chun-Hui, GU Hui-Yi, YE Qin-Liang, ZHANG Zhi-Jian, ZHONG Zhi-Ming, YI Qi-Fei. Characteristics of population structure and dynamics in endangered Camellia granthamiana. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(12): 1684-1692. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0488

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0488

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I12/1684

图/表 9

表1 大苞山茶种群样地信息

Table 1 Information on the study plots for the populations of Camellia granthamiana

样地 Plot	地点 Place	面积 Area (m²)	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 Slope aspect	坡度 Slope gradient (°)
样地1、2、3、4 Plot 1, 2, 3, 4	杨梅坝 Yangmeiba	40 × 40	115.11° E, 23. 42° N	339	西南 Southwest	40
样地5 Plot 5	杨梅坝 Yangmeiba	20 × 20	115.11° E, 23.43° N	472	西 West	45
样地6 Plot 6	鹿子嶂 Luzizhang	20 × 20	115.18° E, 23.44° N	554	东北 Northeast	10-45
样地7 Plot 7	鹿子嶂 Luzizhang	20 × 20	115.18° E, 23.44° N	547	东南 Southeast	30
样地8 Plot 8	鹿子嶂 Luzizhang	20 × 20	115.18° E, 23.44° N	528	东北 Northeast	40

图1 大苞山茶种群结构图。I, BD ≤ 2 cm; II, 2 cm < BD ≤ 4 cm; III, 4 cm < BD ≤ 6 cm; IV, 6 cm < BD ≤ 8 cm; V, 8 cm < BD ≤ 10 cm; VI, 10 cm < BD ≤ 12 cm; VII, 12 cm < BD ≤ 14 cm; VIII, 14 cm < BD ≤ 16 cm; IX, BD > 16 cm; BD, 基径。

Fig. 1 Age class structure diagram of Camellia granthamiana populations. I, BD ≤ 2 cm; II, 2 cm < BD ≤ 4 cm; III, 4 cm < BD ≤ 6 cm; IV, 6 cm < BD ≤ 8 cm; V, 8 cm < BD ≤ 10 cm; VI, 10 cm < BD ≤ 12 cm; VII, 12 cm < BD ≤ 14 cm; VIII, 14 cm < BD ≤ 16 cm; IX, BD > 16 cm; BD, basal diameter.

表2 大苞山茶种群年龄结构动态指数

Table 2 Dynamic indices of Camellia granthamiana populations

种群 Population	V₁(%)	V₂(%)	V₃(%)	V₄(%)	V₅(%)	V₆(%)	V₇(%)	V₈(%)	V_pi(%)	V′_pi(%)	P_max(%)
鹿子嶂种群 Luzizhang population	32.17	53.85	50.00	61.11	14.29	33.33	25.00	0	41.52	1.54	0.04
杨梅坝种群 Yangmeiba population	19.72	49.12	44.83	43.75	66.67	0	33.33	-50.00	32.78	1.82	0.06

表3 大苞山茶种群生命静态表

Table 3 Static life table of Camellia granthamiana populations

种群 Population	龄级 Age class	基径 Basal diameter	A_x	a_x	l_x	ln l_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	K_x
鹿子嶂种群 Luzizhang population	I	0-2	115	115	1 000	6.908	322	0.322	839	1 847	1.847	0.388
	II	2-4	78	78	678	6.520	365	0.538	496	1 008	1.486	0.773
	III	4-6	36	36	313	5.746	157	0.500	235	512	1.637	0.693
	IV	6-8	18	18	157	5.053	87	0.556	113	278	1.773	0.811
	V	8-10	7	8	70	4.242	17	0.250	61	165	2.365	0.288
	VI	10-12	6	6	52	3.955	17	0.333	43	104	1.987	0.405
	VII	12-14	4	4	35	3.549	9	0.250	30	60	1.730	0.288
	VIII	14-16	3	3	26	3.261	9	0.333	22	30	1.140	0.405
	IX	>16	3	2	17	2.856	-	-	8	8	0.460	0.000
杨梅坝种群 Yangmeiba population	I	0-2	71	71	1 000	6.908	197	0.197	901	2 232	2.232	0.220
	II	2-4	57	57	803	6.688	394	0.491	606	1 331	1.658	0.676
	III	4-6	29	29	408	6.012	183	0.448	317	725	1.776	0.595
	IV	6-8	16	16	225	5.418	113	0.500	169	408	1.812	0.693
	V	8-10	9	8	113	4.725	28	0.250	99	239	2.125	0.288
	VI	10-12	3	6	85	4.437	28	0.333	70	141	1.666	0.405
	VII	12-14	3	4	56	4.031	28	0.500	42	70	1.249	0.693
	VIII	14-16	2	2	28	3.338	14	0.500	21	28	0.994	0.693
	IX	>16	4	1	14	2.645	-	-	7	7	0.497	0.000

图2 大苞山茶种群存活曲线。I, BD ≤ 2 cm; II, 2 cm < BD ≤ 4 cm; III, 4 cm < BD ≤ 6 cm; IV, 6 cm < BD ≤ 8 cm; V, 8 cm < BD ≤ 10 cm; VI, 10 cm < BD ≤ 12 cm; VII, 12 cm < BD ≤ 14 cm; VIII, 14 cm < BD ≤ 16 cm; IX, BD > 16 cm; BD, 基径。lx, 标准化存活个体数。

Fig. 2 Survival curves of Camellia granthamiana populations. I, BD ≤ 2 cm; II, 2 cm < BD ≤ 4 cm; III, 4 cm < BD ≤ 6 cm; IV, 6 cm < BD ≤ 8 cm; V, 8 cm < BD ≤ 10 cm; VI, 10 cm < BD ≤ 12 cm; VII, 12 cm < BD ≤ 14 cm; VIII, 14 cm < BD ≤ 16 cm; IX, BD > 16 cm; BD, basal diameter; lx, logarithmic standard surviving number.

表4 大苞山茶种群的检验模型

Table 4 Test models of survival curves of Camellia granthamiana populations

种群 Population	方程 Equation	R²	F	p
鹿子嶂种群 Luzizhang population	a_x = 7.9064e^-0.114^x	0.993	927.894	0.000
鹿子嶂种群 Luzizhang population	a_x = 8.0616x^-0.413	0.905	66.526	0.000
杨梅坝种群 Yangmeiba population	a_x = 8.3721e^-0.115^x	0.965	192.647	0.000
杨梅坝种群 Yangmeiba population	a_x = 8.3204x^-0.401	0.805	28.886	0.001

图3 大苞山茶种群的生存率和累计死亡率。I, BD ≤ 2 cm; II, 2 cm < BD ≤ 4 cm; III, 4 cm < BD ≤ 6 cm; IV, 6 cm < BD ≤ 8 cm; V, 8 cm < BD ≤ 10 cm; VI, 10 cm < BD ≤ 12 cm; VII, 12 cm < BD ≤ 14 cm; VIII, 14 cm < BD ≤ 16 cm; IX, BD > 16 cm; BD, 基径。

Fig. 3 Survival rate and cumulative mortality rate of Camellia granthamiana populations. I, BD ≤ 2 cm; II, 2 cm < BD ≤ 4 cm; III, 4 cm < BD ≤ 6 cm; IV, 6 cm < BD ≤ 8 cm; V, 8 cm < BD ≤ 10 cm; VI, 10 cm < BD ≤ 12 cm; VII, 12 cm < BD ≤ 14 cm; VIII, 14 cm < BD ≤ 16 cm; IX, BD > 16 cm; BD, basal diameter.

图4 大苞山茶种群的死亡密度和危险率。I, BD ≤ 2 cm; II, 2 cm < BD ≤ 4 cm; III, 4 cm < BD ≤ 6 cm; IV, 6 cm < BD ≤ 8 cm; V, 8 cm < BD ≤ 10 cm; VI, 10 cm < BD ≤ 12 cm; VII, 12 cm < BD ≤ 14 cm; VIII, 14 cm < BD ≤ 16 cm; IX, BD > 16 cm; BD, 基径。

Fig. 4 Mortality density rate and hazard rate of Camellia granthamiana populations. I, BD ≤ 2 cm; II, 2 cm < BD ≤ 4 cm; III, 4 cm < BD ≤ 6 cm; IV, 6 cm < BD ≤ 8 cm; V, 8 cm < BD ≤ 10 cm; VI, 10 cm < BD ≤ 12 cm; VII, 12 cm < BD ≤ 14 cm; VIII, 14 cm < BD ≤ 16 cm; IX, BD > 16 cm; BD, basal diameter.

表5 大苞山茶种群动态变化时间序列

Table 5 Time sequence analysis of survival curves of Camellia granthamiana populations

龄级 Age class	鹿子嶂种群 Luzizhang population					杨梅坝种群 Yangmeiba population
龄级 Age class	原始数据 Primary data	M₂	M₄	M₆	M₈	原始数据 Primary data	M₂	M₄	M₆	M₈
I	115					71
II	78	97				57	64
III	36	57				29	43
IV	18	27	62			16	23	43
V	7	13	35			9	13	28
VI	6	7	17	43		3	6	14	31
VII	4	5	9	25		3	3	8	20
VIII	3	4	5	12	33	2	3	4	10	24
IX	3	3	4	7	19	4	3	3	6	15

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珍稀濒危植物大苞山茶种群结构与动态特征

Characteristics of population structure and dynamics in endangered Camellia granthamiana

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