植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 857-864.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0108
所属专题: 青藏高原植物生态学:种群生态学
张桥英1,2(), 张运春1, 罗鹏1, 王乾1, 吴宁1,*(
)
收稿日期:
2006-04-18
接受日期:
2006-07-16
出版日期:
2007-04-18
发布日期:
2007-09-30
通讯作者:
吴宁
作者简介:
* E-mail: wuning@cib.ac.cn基金资助:
ZHANG Qiao-Ying1,2(), ZHANG Yun-Chun1, LUO Peng1, WANG Qian1, WU Ning1,*(
)
Received:
2006-04-18
Accepted:
2006-07-16
Online:
2007-04-18
Published:
2007-09-30
Contact:
WU Ning
摘要:
方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)是青藏高原特有林线树种。对白马雪山阳坡海拔4 390 m以上林线0.42 hm2样地方枝柏种群进行每木调查,分析了种群结构、数量动态及空间分布格局。结果表明:1)在种群生物学特征、环境因子及人为干扰等综合影响下,林线区方枝柏幼苗数量非常少。幼树在种群中占了很大比重,种群个体数随径级的增加而逐渐减少,密度为成年树>幼树>幼苗;2)种群存活曲线介于Deevey-Ⅱ型和Deevey-Ⅲ型之间,种群结构更接近稳定型。死亡率曲线和消失率曲线都在龄级Ⅲ出现一个高峰,可能是由于方枝柏处于青壮年期,个体对营养空间的需求不断增大,对空间、光照和养分等生存因子的激烈竞争引起的自疏过程,导致死亡率有所上升;3)方枝柏种群各龄级的空间格局基本上是聚集型,随龄级增加,聚集尺度和强度都增加;各龄级关系密切,都呈显著正相关,其中幼苗和成年树的相关性最强,幼苗和幼树相关性最弱。林线方枝柏种群空间分布格局是种群生物学特性、环境条件及人为干扰等因素共同作用的结果,这种格局有利于整个种群的生存和发展,也是高山生态系统恶劣生境中种群的一种适应对策。该研究采用森林罗盘仪与测距仪相结合进行每木定位的方法,准确度高且大大降低工作强度,是高海拔区恶劣条件下开展类似工作的推荐之法。研究结果也再次体现了空间点格局分析方法在格局研究中的有效性和优越性。
张桥英, 张运春, 罗鹏, 王乾, 吴宁. 白马雪山阳坡林线方枝柏种群的生态特征. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(5): 857-864. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0108
ZHANG Qiao-Ying, ZHANG Yun-Chun, LUO Peng, WANG Qian, WU Ning. ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SABINA SALTUARIA POPULATION AT TIMBERLINE ON THE SOUTH-FACING SLOPE OF BAIMA SNOW MOUNTAIN, SOUTHWEST CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(5): 857-864. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0108
海拔 Altitude (m) | 样地大小 Plot size (m2) | 郁闭度 Canopy coverage | 坡向 Aspect | 坡度 Slope | 土壤类型 Soil type | 土壤pH值 Soil pH | 土壤有机质 Organic mass in soil (g·kg-1) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 394 | 4 200 | 0.2 | 235 | 28 | 山地棕壤 Mountain brown soil | 4.97~6.24 | 74.2~86.3 |
表1 白马雪山阳坡林线方枝柏种群研究地点的特征
Table 1 The habitat characteristics of Sabina saltuaria at timberline of south-facing slope in the Baima Snow Mountain
海拔 Altitude (m) | 样地大小 Plot size (m2) | 郁闭度 Canopy coverage | 坡向 Aspect | 坡度 Slope | 土壤类型 Soil type | 土壤pH值 Soil pH | 土壤有机质 Organic mass in soil (g·kg-1) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 394 | 4 200 | 0.2 | 235 | 28 | 山地棕壤 Mountain brown soil | 4.97~6.24 | 74.2~86.3 |
图1 白马雪山阳坡方枝柏林线种群径级结构图
Fig.1 Histogram of DBH classes of Sabina saltuaria population at timberline of south-facing slope in Baima Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province
龄级 Age class | 径级 DBH class (cm) | x | Δx | ax | lx | dx | qx | Lx | Tx | ex | Sx | Kx |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 0~3 | 1.5 | 3 | 48 | 1 000.00 | 229.17 | 0.23 | 885.42 | 2 500.00 | 2.50 | 0.77 | 0.26 |
Ⅱ | 3~6 | 4.5 | 3 | 37 | 770.83 | 187.50 | 0.24 | 677.08 | 1 614.58 | 2.09 | 0.76 | 0.28 |
Ⅲ | 6~9 | 7.5 | 3 | 28 | 583.33 | 270.83 | 0.46 | 447.92 | 937.50 | 1.61 | 0.54 | 0.62 |
Ⅳ | 9~12 | 10.5 | 3 | 15 | 312.50 | 104.17 | 0.33 | 260.42 | 489.58 | 1.57 | 0.67 | 0.41 |
Ⅴ | 12~15 | 13.5 | 3 | 10 | 208.33 | 104.17 | 0.50 | 156.25 | 229.17 | 1.10 | 0.50 | 0.69 |
Ⅵ | 15~18 | 16.5 | 3 | 5 | 104.17 | 83.33 | 0.80 | 62.50 | 72.92 | 0.70 | 0.20 | 1.61 |
Ⅶ | 18~21 | 19.5 | 3 | 1 | 20.83 | 20.83 | 1.00 | 10.42 | 10.42 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
表2 白马雪山阳坡林线方枝柏种群特定时间生命表
Table 2 The time-specific life table of Sabina saltuaria at timberline of south-facing slope in Baima Snow Mountain
龄级 Age class | 径级 DBH class (cm) | x | Δx | ax | lx | dx | qx | Lx | Tx | ex | Sx | Kx |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ | 0~3 | 1.5 | 3 | 48 | 1 000.00 | 229.17 | 0.23 | 885.42 | 2 500.00 | 2.50 | 0.77 | 0.26 |
Ⅱ | 3~6 | 4.5 | 3 | 37 | 770.83 | 187.50 | 0.24 | 677.08 | 1 614.58 | 2.09 | 0.76 | 0.28 |
Ⅲ | 6~9 | 7.5 | 3 | 28 | 583.33 | 270.83 | 0.46 | 447.92 | 937.50 | 1.61 | 0.54 | 0.62 |
Ⅳ | 9~12 | 10.5 | 3 | 15 | 312.50 | 104.17 | 0.33 | 260.42 | 489.58 | 1.57 | 0.67 | 0.41 |
Ⅴ | 12~15 | 13.5 | 3 | 10 | 208.33 | 104.17 | 0.50 | 156.25 | 229.17 | 1.10 | 0.50 | 0.69 |
Ⅵ | 15~18 | 16.5 | 3 | 5 | 104.17 | 83.33 | 0.80 | 62.50 | 72.92 | 0.70 | 0.20 | 1.61 |
Ⅶ | 18~21 | 19.5 | 3 | 1 | 20.83 | 20.83 | 1.00 | 10.42 | 10.42 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 1.00 |
图2 白马雪山阳坡林线方枝柏种群存活曲线
Fig.2 Survival curve of Sabina saltuaria population at timberline of south-facing slope in the Baima Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province
图3 白马雪山阳坡林线方枝柏种群死亡率(qx)曲线及消失率(Kx)曲线
Fig.3 Mortality rate (qx) and hazard rate (Kx) of Sabina saltuaria population at timberline in the Baima Snow Mountain, Yunnan Province
图6 方枝柏各龄级间关系的点格局分析 a、b、c: 见图4 See Fig. 4
Fig.6 Point pattern analysis of paired age-class associations of Sabina saltuaria at timberline of Baima Snow Mountain
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