九龙山珍稀濒危植物南方铁杉种群数量动态

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对九龙山国家级自然保护区南方铁杉(Tsuga tchekiangensis)种群的分布特点, 设置了10个具有代表性的样地。以种群生命表及生存分析理论为基础, 编制了南方铁杉种群的静态生命表, 绘制了存活曲线、死亡率曲线、消失率曲线、生存率曲线、累计死亡率曲线、种群死亡密度曲线和危险率曲线, 分析了种群数量特征; 同时结合谱分析方法, 分析了南方铁杉种群数量的动态变化。结果表明: 1) 南方铁杉种群结构存在波动性, 幼年阶段的个体较丰富, 成年个体数量相对较少, 种群趋于Deevey Ⅱ型。2) 南方铁杉种群死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致, 均出现两个高峰, 一个出现在第5龄级阶段, 另一个出现在第15龄级阶段。3) 南方铁杉种群的生存率单调下降, 累计死亡率单调上升, 生存率下降趋势前期高于后期, 累计死亡率则相反。4) 4个生存函数曲线表明, 南方铁杉具有前期稳定、中期锐减和后期衰退的特点。5) 种群动态的谱分析显示, 南方铁杉种群动态除受基波影响外, 还存在着明显的小周期波动, 谐波 A₃处周期的波动与南方铁杉的高生长有关; A₆处周期的波动与外界环境变化有关; A₈处周期的波动与南方铁杉进入生理衰退期有关。

关键词: 种群生命表, 存活曲线, 生存分析, 谱分析, 种群数量动态, 南方铁杉

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to investigate population quantitative characteristics and dynamics of Tsuga tchekiangensis, which is listed as a Chinese national third protective plant with a small geographic distribution in subtropical forests of Jiulongshan Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, China.

Methods Ten plots (20 m × 20 m) were investigated along different ridges from low to high altitude. We developed a static life table of T. tchekiangensis population based on the population life table and theory of survival analysis. Survivorship curves, mortality rate, killing power, survival rate, cumulative mortality rate, mortality density and hazard rate were determined, and population dynamics were analyzed using spectral analysis.

Important findings There were abundant young but fewer old individuals. Population structure fluctuated. The survival curve of the population was Deevey type Ⅱ. Two peaks of mortality rate and killing power existed in the lifespan: the 5th and 15th age class periods. The population survival rate of T. tchekiangensis decreased monotonically, whereas the cumulative mortality rate increased monotonically. Meanwhile, the cumulative mortality rate significantly increased during the 13th age class period, up to 98%. Four survival functional curves showed that the T. tchekiangensis population grew stably at young age, decreased very quickly in middle age and declined in old age. Spectral analysis of the population showed that there was a marked periodic fluctuation in the process of natural regeneration.

Key words: population life table, survival curve, survival analysis, spectral analysis, population quantitative dynamics, Tsuga tchekiangensis

张志祥, 刘鹏, 蔡妙珍, 康华靖, 廖承川, 刘春生, 楼中华. 九龙山珍稀濒危植物南方铁杉种群数量动态. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(5): 1146-1156. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.019

ZHANG Zhi-Xiang, LIU Peng, CAI Miao-Zhen, KANG Hua-Jing, LIAO Cheng-Chuan, LIU Chun-Sheng, LOU Zhong-Hua. POPULATION QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS AND DYNAMICS OF RARE AND ENDANGERED TSUGA TCHEKIANGENSIS IN JIULONGSHAN NATURE RESERVE OF CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(5): 1146-1156. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.019

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.019

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I5/1146

图/表 9

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样地号 No. of plots	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	坡向 Aspect	岩石裸露率 Bareness of rock (%)	郁闭度 Canopy coverage (%)	群落类型 Community type
Q1	1 350	60°	10°NE	30	95	南方铁杉、猴头杜鹃和柳杉林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis, Rhododendron simiarum and Cryptomeria fortunei
Q2	1 410	45°	15°NW	10	85	南方铁杉林 The pure stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis
Q3	1 300	70°	20°NE	50	70	南方铁杉林 The pure stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis
Q4	1 620	60°	10°NW	15	90	南方铁杉和猴头杜鹃林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis and Rhododendron simiarum
Q5	1 550	70°	10°NW	35	90	南方铁杉、猴头杜鹃和木荷林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis, Rhododendron simiarum and Schima superba
Q6	1 400	30°	90°SE	40	70	南方铁杉林 The pure stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis
Q7	1 520	60°	10°SW	10	90	南方铁杉和猴头杜鹃林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis and Rhododendron simiarum
Q8	1 450	65°	20°SW	15	97	南方铁杉、猴头杜鹃和多脉青冈林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis, Rhododendron simiarum and Cyclobalanopsis multiervis
Q9	1 550	55°	20°SW	20	85	南方铁杉和猴头杜鹃林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis and Rhododendron simiarum
Q10	1 340	60°	40°SW	30	85	南方铁杉和猴头杜鹃林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis and Rhododendron simiarum

样地号 No. of plots	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope	坡向 Aspect	岩石裸露率 Bareness of rock (%)	郁闭度 Canopy coverage (%)	群落类型 Community type
Q1	1 350	60°	10°NE	30	95	南方铁杉、猴头杜鹃和柳杉林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis, Rhododendron simiarum and Cryptomeria fortunei
Q2	1 410	45°	15°NW	10	85	南方铁杉林 The pure stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis
Q3	1 300	70°	20°NE	50	70	南方铁杉林 The pure stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis
Q4	1 620	60°	10°NW	15	90	南方铁杉和猴头杜鹃林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis and Rhododendron simiarum
Q5	1 550	70°	10°NW	35	90	南方铁杉、猴头杜鹃和木荷林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis, Rhododendron simiarum and Schima superba
Q6	1 400	30°	90°SE	40	70	南方铁杉林 The pure stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis
Q7	1 520	60°	10°SW	10	90	南方铁杉和猴头杜鹃林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis and Rhododendron simiarum
Q8	1 450	65°	20°SW	15	97	南方铁杉、猴头杜鹃和多脉青冈林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis, Rhododendron simiarum and Cyclobalanopsis multiervis
Q9	1 550	55°	20°SW	20	85	南方铁杉和猴头杜鹃林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis and Rhododendron simiarum
Q10	1 340	60°	40°SW	30	85	南方铁杉和猴头杜鹃林 The mixed stands of Tsuga tchekiangensis and Rhododendron simiarum

龄级 Age class	径级 DBH class	组中值 Mean value	a_x	a_x^*	l_x	lnl_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	K_x	S_x
1	0~3	1.5	214	189	1 000	6.908	185	0.185	907	3 008	3.008	0.205	0.815
2	3~10	6.5	173	154	815	6.703	185	0.227	722	2 101	2.578	0.258	0.773
3	10~20	15	5	119	630	6.445	185	0.294	537	1 378	2.189	0.348	0.706
4	20~30	25	8	84	444	6.097	185	0.417	352	841	1.893	0.539	0.583
5	30~40	35	17	49	259	5.558	185	0.714	167	496	1.915	1.253	0.286
6	40~50	45	16	14	74	4.305	26	0.357	61	351	4.735	0.442	0.643
7	50~60	55	9	9	48	3.863	0	0.000	48	308	6.466	0.000	1.000
8	60~70	65	1	9	48	3.863	5	0.111	45	261	5.487	0.118	0.889
9	70~80	75	5	8	42	3.745	5	0.125	40	217	5.134	0.134	0.875
10	80~90	85	1	7	37	3.612	5	0.143	34	180	4.850	0.154	0.857
11	90~100	95	1	6	32	3.458	5	0.167	29	145	4.575	0.182	0.833
12	100~110	105	1	5	26	3.275	5	0.200	24	117	4.428	0.223	0.800
13	110~120	115	1	4	21	3.052	5	0.250	19	93	4.410	0.288	0.750
14	120~130	125	0	3	16	2.765	5	0.333	13	75	4.713	0.405	0.667
15	130~140	135	0	2	11	2.359	5	0.500	8	62	5.820	0.693	0.500
16	140~150	145	1	1	5	1.666	-	-	3	54	10.139	1.666	-

龄级 Age class	径级 DBH class	组中值 Mean value	a_x	a_x^*	l_x	lnl_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	K_x	S_x
1	0~3	1.5	214	189	1 000	6.908	185	0.185	907	3 008	3.008	0.205	0.815
2	3~10	6.5	173	154	815	6.703	185	0.227	722	2 101	2.578	0.258	0.773
3	10~20	15	5	119	630	6.445	185	0.294	537	1 378	2.189	0.348	0.706
4	20~30	25	8	84	444	6.097	185	0.417	352	841	1.893	0.539	0.583
5	30~40	35	17	49	259	5.558	185	0.714	167	496	1.915	1.253	0.286
6	40~50	45	16	14	74	4.305	26	0.357	61	351	4.735	0.442	0.643
7	50~60	55	9	9	48	3.863	0	0.000	48	308	6.466	0.000	1.000
8	60~70	65	1	9	48	3.863	5	0.111	45	261	5.487	0.118	0.889
9	70~80	75	5	8	42	3.745	5	0.125	40	217	5.134	0.134	0.875
10	80~90	85	1	7	37	3.612	5	0.143	34	180	4.850	0.154	0.857
11	90~100	95	1	6	32	3.458	5	0.167	29	145	4.575	0.182	0.833
12	100~110	105	1	5	26	3.275	5	0.200	24	117	4.428	0.223	0.800
13	110~120	115	1	4	21	3.052	5	0.250	19	93	4.410	0.288	0.750
14	120~130	125	0	3	16	2.765	5	0.333	13	75	4.713	0.405	0.667
15	130~140	135	0	2	11	2.359	5	0.500	8	62	5.820	0.693	0.500
16	140~150	145	1	1	5	1.666	-	-	3	54	10.139	1.666	-

龄级 Age class	径级 DBH class	组中值 Mean value	S₍_i₎	F₍_i₎	f₍_ti₎	λ₍_ti₎
1	0~3	1.5	0.815	0.185	0.062	0.068
2	3~10	6.5	0.630	0.370	0.006	0.037
3	10~20	15	0.444	0.556	0.007	0.034
4	20~30	25	0.259	0.741	0.012	0.053
5	30~40	35	0.074	0.926	0.030	0.111
6	40~50	45	0.048	0.952	0.000	0.000
7	50~60	55	0.048	0.952	0.000	0.000
8	60~70	65	0.042	0.958	0.011	0.012
9	70~80	75	0.037	0.963	0.001	0.013
10	80~90	85	0.032	0.968	0.002	0.015
11	90~100	95	0.026	0.974	0.002	0.018
12	100~110	105	0.021	0.979	0.003	0.022
13	110~120	115	0.016	0.984	0.005	0.029
14	120~130	125	0.011	0.989	0.008	0.040
15	130~140	135	0.005	0.995	0.017	0.067
16	140~150	145	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.000