植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 967-977.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0396
收稿日期:
2022-10-08
接受日期:
2023-02-08
出版日期:
2023-07-20
发布日期:
2023-07-21
通讯作者:
*周龙(作者简介:
ORCID: 管岳: 0000-0003-2389-7693
基金资助:
GUAN Yue, WANG Yan-Xin, CHU Jia-Yao, FENG Lin-Jiao, SONG Xiao-Meng, ZHOU Long()
Received:
2022-10-08
Accepted:
2023-02-08
Online:
2023-07-20
Published:
2023-07-21
Contact:
*ZHOU Long(Supported by:
摘要:
以新疆巴尔鲁克山的野扁桃(Amygdalus ledebouriana)种群为研究对象, 通过对其进行年龄结构与动态分析, 可以为野扁桃种群的保护管理及恢复提供一定的理论依据及研究基础。该研究采用典型样方法对野扁桃的种群数量进行了调查与统计, 应用“空间代替时间”及匀滑修正技术, 编制野扁桃种群静态生命表, 分析野扁桃种群数量动态变化。主要结果有: 1)野扁桃种群第III龄级个体数量最多, 占总体数量的19.19%, 种群的个体数量随着龄级的增加先增加后减少, 种群径级结构呈“纺锤”形, 野扁桃种群年龄结构属于衰退型; 2)野扁桃存活曲线趋近Deevey-II型分布, 且种群的死亡高峰出现在第VIII龄级, 死亡率为58%; 3)野扁桃种群动态变化指数(Vpi)、受外界干扰时野扁桃种群动态变化指数(V′pi)均大于0, 但V′pi趋近于0, 种群在外部环境干扰下承担的风险概率最大值(Pmax)为0.38%, 说明该种群受外界随机干扰时增长趋势不明显; 4)在未来2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10个龄级时间后, 幼、中龄个体数量逐渐减少, 老龄个体占主导地位。幼龄个体中实生苗的缺乏是野扁桃种群衰退的主要原因, 因此建议在未来的研究中增加野扁桃实生苗更新方面的研究工作, 并对野巴旦杏自然保护区封山育林, 适当进行人工抚育, 以保证其种群的正常更新。
管岳, 王妍欣, 褚佳瑶, 冯琳骄, 宋晓萌, 周龙. 新疆野扁桃种群年龄结构及动态分析. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(7): 967-977. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0396
GUAN Yue, WANG Yan-Xin, CHU Jia-Yao, FENG Lin-Jiao, SONG Xiao-Meng, ZHOU Long. Age structure and dynamic analysis of Amygdalus ledebouriana population in Xinjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(7): 967-977. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0396
分布区域 Distribution area | 样地编号 Plot No. | 经纬度 Latitude and longitude | 坡度 Slope (°) | 坡向 Aspect | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 幼苗数量 Seedling number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
托里县 Tuoli County | A | 46.93° N, 83.33° E | 32 | 185° | 815 | 3 |
B | 46.91° N, 83.32° E | 29 | 28° | 879 | 59 | |
C | 46.95° N, 83.34° E | 34 | 12° | 867 | 16 | |
D | 46.84° N, 83.32° E | 38 | 294° | 961 | 20 | |
E | 46.84° N, 83.33° E | 22 | 192° | 902 | 5 | |
F | 46.96° N, 83.35° E | 26 | 123° | 927 | 24 | |
G | 46.97° N, 83.31° E | 20 | 73° | 881 | 24 | |
H | 46.93° N, 83.37° E | 0 | - | 820 | 12 | |
I | 46.98° N, 83.36° E | 20 | 210° | 792 | 1 | |
J | 46.92° N, 83.38° E | 21 | 253° | 805 | 0 | |
K | 46.85° N, 83.31° E | 26 | 135° | 933 | 33 | |
L | 46.84° N, 83.34° E | 30 | 55° | 979 | 65 | |
M | 46.83° N, 83.39° E | 14 | 228° | 973 | 36 | |
N | 46.82° N, 83.37° E | 13 | 106° | 940 | 70 | |
O | 46.85° N, 83.38° E | 0 | - | 920 | 63 | |
P | 46.84° N, 83.35° E | 18 | 355° | 949 | 23 | |
Q | 46.86° N, 83.36° E | 19 | 175° | 911 | 28 | |
R | 46.79° N, 83.32° E | 17 | 285° | 954 | 95 | |
S | 46.78° N, 83.33° E | 23 | 311° | 960 | 30 | |
裕民县 Yumin County | T | 45.53° N, 82.31° E | 30 | 25° | 1 270 | 0 |
U | 45.54° N, 82.30° E | 0 | - | 1 230 | 0 |
表1 新疆野扁桃种群样地基本特征
Table 1 Basic characteristics of Amygdalus ledebouriana population plots in Xinjiang
分布区域 Distribution area | 样地编号 Plot No. | 经纬度 Latitude and longitude | 坡度 Slope (°) | 坡向 Aspect | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 幼苗数量 Seedling number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
托里县 Tuoli County | A | 46.93° N, 83.33° E | 32 | 185° | 815 | 3 |
B | 46.91° N, 83.32° E | 29 | 28° | 879 | 59 | |
C | 46.95° N, 83.34° E | 34 | 12° | 867 | 16 | |
D | 46.84° N, 83.32° E | 38 | 294° | 961 | 20 | |
E | 46.84° N, 83.33° E | 22 | 192° | 902 | 5 | |
F | 46.96° N, 83.35° E | 26 | 123° | 927 | 24 | |
G | 46.97° N, 83.31° E | 20 | 73° | 881 | 24 | |
H | 46.93° N, 83.37° E | 0 | - | 820 | 12 | |
I | 46.98° N, 83.36° E | 20 | 210° | 792 | 1 | |
J | 46.92° N, 83.38° E | 21 | 253° | 805 | 0 | |
K | 46.85° N, 83.31° E | 26 | 135° | 933 | 33 | |
L | 46.84° N, 83.34° E | 30 | 55° | 979 | 65 | |
M | 46.83° N, 83.39° E | 14 | 228° | 973 | 36 | |
N | 46.82° N, 83.37° E | 13 | 106° | 940 | 70 | |
O | 46.85° N, 83.38° E | 0 | - | 920 | 63 | |
P | 46.84° N, 83.35° E | 18 | 355° | 949 | 23 | |
Q | 46.86° N, 83.36° E | 19 | 175° | 911 | 28 | |
R | 46.79° N, 83.32° E | 17 | 285° | 954 | 95 | |
S | 46.78° N, 83.33° E | 23 | 311° | 960 | 30 | |
裕民县 Yumin County | T | 45.53° N, 82.31° E | 30 | 25° | 1 270 | 0 |
U | 45.54° N, 82.30° E | 0 | - | 1 230 | 0 |
龄级 Age class | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII | XIII |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ax | 465 | 620 | 1 065 | 865 | 760 | 655 | 525 | 275 | 115 | 95 | 55 | 35 | 20 |
ax' | 965 | 860 | 794 | 708 | 622 | 556 | 450 | 275 | 115 | 95 | 55 | 35 | 20 |
表2 新疆野扁桃种群匀滑修正后各龄级株数
Table 2 Number of Amygdalus ledebouriana individuals at different age classes after smoothing correction
龄级 Age class | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII | XIII |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ax | 465 | 620 | 1 065 | 865 | 760 | 655 | 525 | 275 | 115 | 95 | 55 | 35 | 20 |
ax' | 965 | 860 | 794 | 708 | 622 | 556 | 450 | 275 | 115 | 95 | 55 | 35 | 20 |
x | 基径 BD (cm) | ax | ax' | lx | dx | qx | Lx | Tx | ex | lnlx | lnax | Kx | Sx |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | BD ≤ 0.3 | 465 | 965 | 1 000.00 | 108.81 | 0.11 | 945.60 | 5 240.93 | 5.24 | 6.91 | 6.87 | 0.12 | 0.89 |
II | 0.3 < BD ≤ 0.6 | 620 | 860 | 891.19 | 68.39 | 0.08 | 856.99 | 4 295.34 | 4.82 | 6.79 | 6.76 | 0.08 | 0.92 |
III | 0.6 < BD ≤ 0.9 | 1 065 | 794 | 822.80 | 89.12 | 0.11 | 778.24 | 3 438.34 | 4.18 | 6.71 | 6.68 | 0.11 | 0.89 |
IV | 0.9 < BD ≤ 1.2 | 865 | 708 | 733.68 | 89.12 | 0.12 | 689.12 | 2 660.10 | 3.63 | 6.60 | 6.56 | 0.13 | 0.88 |
V | 1.2 < BD ≤ 1.5 | 760 | 622 | 644.56 | 68.39 | 0.11 | 610.36 | 1 970.98 | 3.06 | 6.47 | 6.43 | 0.11 | 0.89 |
VI | 1.5 < BD ≤ 1.8 | 655 | 556 | 576.17 | 109.84 | 0.19 | 521.24 | 1 360.62 | 2.36 | 6.36 | 6.32 | 0.21 | 0.81 |
VII | 1.8 < BD ≤ 2.1 | 525 | 450 | 466.32 | 181.35 | 0.39 | 375.65 | 839.38 | 1.80 | 6.14 | 6.11 | 0.49 | 0.61 |
VIII | 2.1 < BD ≤ 2.4 | 275 | 275 | 284.97 | 165.80 | 0.58 | 202.07 | 463.73 | 1.63 | 5.65 | 5.62 | 0.87 | 0.42 |
IX | 2.4 < BD ≤ 2.7 | 115 | 115 | 119.17 | 20.73 | 0.17 | 108.81 | 261.66 | 2.20 | 4.78 | 4.74 | 0.19 | 0.83 |
X | 2.7 < BD ≤ 3.0 | 95 | 95 | 98.45 | 41.45 | 0.42 | 77.72 | 152.85 | 1.55 | 4.59 | 4.55 | 0.55 | 0.58 |
XI | 3.0 < BD ≤ 3.3 | 55 | 55 | 56.99 | 20.73 | 0.36 | 46.63 | 75.13 | 1.32 | 4.04 | 4.01 | 0.45 | 0.64 |
XII | 3.3 < BD ≤ 3.6 | 35 | 35 | 36.27 | 15.54 | 0.43 | 28.50 | 28.50 | 0.79 | 3.59 | 3.56 | 0.56 | 0.57 |
XIII | BD > 3.6 | 20 | 20 | 20.73 | - | 0.00 | - | - | - | 3.03 | 3.00 | - | - |
表3 新疆野扁桃种群静态生命表
Table 3 Static life table of Amygdalus ledebouriana population in Xinjiang
x | 基径 BD (cm) | ax | ax' | lx | dx | qx | Lx | Tx | ex | lnlx | lnax | Kx | Sx |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | BD ≤ 0.3 | 465 | 965 | 1 000.00 | 108.81 | 0.11 | 945.60 | 5 240.93 | 5.24 | 6.91 | 6.87 | 0.12 | 0.89 |
II | 0.3 < BD ≤ 0.6 | 620 | 860 | 891.19 | 68.39 | 0.08 | 856.99 | 4 295.34 | 4.82 | 6.79 | 6.76 | 0.08 | 0.92 |
III | 0.6 < BD ≤ 0.9 | 1 065 | 794 | 822.80 | 89.12 | 0.11 | 778.24 | 3 438.34 | 4.18 | 6.71 | 6.68 | 0.11 | 0.89 |
IV | 0.9 < BD ≤ 1.2 | 865 | 708 | 733.68 | 89.12 | 0.12 | 689.12 | 2 660.10 | 3.63 | 6.60 | 6.56 | 0.13 | 0.88 |
V | 1.2 < BD ≤ 1.5 | 760 | 622 | 644.56 | 68.39 | 0.11 | 610.36 | 1 970.98 | 3.06 | 6.47 | 6.43 | 0.11 | 0.89 |
VI | 1.5 < BD ≤ 1.8 | 655 | 556 | 576.17 | 109.84 | 0.19 | 521.24 | 1 360.62 | 2.36 | 6.36 | 6.32 | 0.21 | 0.81 |
VII | 1.8 < BD ≤ 2.1 | 525 | 450 | 466.32 | 181.35 | 0.39 | 375.65 | 839.38 | 1.80 | 6.14 | 6.11 | 0.49 | 0.61 |
VIII | 2.1 < BD ≤ 2.4 | 275 | 275 | 284.97 | 165.80 | 0.58 | 202.07 | 463.73 | 1.63 | 5.65 | 5.62 | 0.87 | 0.42 |
IX | 2.4 < BD ≤ 2.7 | 115 | 115 | 119.17 | 20.73 | 0.17 | 108.81 | 261.66 | 2.20 | 4.78 | 4.74 | 0.19 | 0.83 |
X | 2.7 < BD ≤ 3.0 | 95 | 95 | 98.45 | 41.45 | 0.42 | 77.72 | 152.85 | 1.55 | 4.59 | 4.55 | 0.55 | 0.58 |
XI | 3.0 < BD ≤ 3.3 | 55 | 55 | 56.99 | 20.73 | 0.36 | 46.63 | 75.13 | 1.32 | 4.04 | 4.01 | 0.45 | 0.64 |
XII | 3.3 < BD ≤ 3.6 | 35 | 35 | 36.27 | 15.54 | 0.43 | 28.50 | 28.50 | 0.79 | 3.59 | 3.56 | 0.56 | 0.57 |
XIII | BD > 3.6 | 20 | 20 | 20.73 | - | 0.00 | - | - | - | 3.03 | 3.00 | - | - |
龄级 Age class | Vx | Vpi | V′pi | Pmax | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII | ||||
指数值 Index value (%) | -25.00 | -41.78 | 18.78 | 12.14 | 13.82 | 19.85 | 47.62 | 58.18 | 17.39 | 42.11 | 36.36 | 42.86 | 12.11 | 0.05 | 0.38 |
表4 新疆野扁桃种群动态变化指数
Table 4 Dynamic change index of Amygdalus ledebouriana populations in Xinjiang
龄级 Age class | Vx | Vpi | V′pi | Pmax | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII | ||||
指数值 Index value (%) | -25.00 | -41.78 | 18.78 | 12.14 | 13.82 | 19.85 | 47.62 | 58.18 | 17.39 | 42.11 | 36.36 | 42.86 | 12.11 | 0.05 | 0.38 |
图2 新疆野扁桃种群死亡率(qx)与消失率(Kx)曲线。龄级划分见表2。
Fig. 2 Curve of mortality rate (qx) and disappearance rate (Kx) of Amygdalus ledebouriana populations in Xinjiang. Age class see Table 2.
存活曲线 Survival curve | 拟合模型 Fitting model | 拟合结果 Fitting result | F | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
Deevey-II | ax' = a0e-bx | ax' = 8.4604e-0.066x | 75.368 | 0.873 |
Deevey-III | ax' = a0x-b | ax' = 8.6826x-0.28 | 17.391 | 0.613 |
表5 新疆野扁桃种群存活曲线拟合模型
Table 5 Survival curve fitting model of Amygdalus ledebouriana populations in Xinjiang
存活曲线 Survival curve | 拟合模型 Fitting model | 拟合结果 Fitting result | F | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
Deevey-II | ax' = a0e-bx | ax' = 8.4604e-0.066x | 75.368 | 0.873 |
Deevey-III | ax' = a0x-b | ax' = 8.6826x-0.28 | 17.391 | 0.613 |
图4 新疆野扁桃种群生存率(Si)与累计死亡率(Fi)曲线。龄级划分见表2。
Fig. 4 Survival rate (Si) and cumulative mortality rate (Fi) curve of Amygdalus ledebouriana populations in Xinjiang. Age class see Table 2.
图5 新疆野扁桃种群死亡密度(fti)与危险率(λti)曲线。龄级划分见表2。
Fig. 5 Mortality density (fti) and risk rate (λti) curve of Amygdalus ledebouriana populations in Xinjiang. Age class see Table 2.
龄级 Age class | 初始个体数 Initial number of individuals | Mt | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | M7 | M8 | M9 | M10 | ||
I | 465 | |||||||||
II | 620 | 543 | ||||||||
III | 1 065 | 843 | 717 | |||||||
IV | 865 | 965 | 850 | 754 | ||||||
V | 760 | 813 | 897 | 828 | 755 | |||||
VI | 655 | 708 | 760 | 836 | 793 | 738 | ||||
VII | 525 | 590 | 647 | 701 | 774 | 748 | 708 | |||
VIII | 275 | 400 | 485 | 554 | 616 | 691 | 681 | 654 | ||
IX | 115 | 195 | 305 | 393 | 466 | 533 | 609 | 610 | 594 | |
X | 95 | 105 | 162 | 253 | 333 | 404 | 470 | 544 | 553 | 544 |
XI | 55 | 75 | 88 | 135 | 213 | 287 | 354 | 418 | 490 | 503 |
XII | 35 | 45 | 62 | 75 | 115 | 183 | 251 | 314 | 376 | 445 |
XIII | 20 | 28 | 37 | 51 | 64 | 99 | 160 | 22i2 | 282 | 340 |
表6 新疆野扁桃种群数量动态时间序列预测
Table 6 Dynamic time series prediction of Amygdalus ledebouriana populations in Xinjiang
龄级 Age class | 初始个体数 Initial number of individuals | Mt | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | M7 | M8 | M9 | M10 | ||
I | 465 | |||||||||
II | 620 | 543 | ||||||||
III | 1 065 | 843 | 717 | |||||||
IV | 865 | 965 | 850 | 754 | ||||||
V | 760 | 813 | 897 | 828 | 755 | |||||
VI | 655 | 708 | 760 | 836 | 793 | 738 | ||||
VII | 525 | 590 | 647 | 701 | 774 | 748 | 708 | |||
VIII | 275 | 400 | 485 | 554 | 616 | 691 | 681 | 654 | ||
IX | 115 | 195 | 305 | 393 | 466 | 533 | 609 | 610 | 594 | |
X | 95 | 105 | 162 | 253 | 333 | 404 | 470 | 544 | 553 | 544 |
XI | 55 | 75 | 88 | 135 | 213 | 287 | 354 | 418 | 490 | 503 |
XII | 35 | 45 | 62 | 75 | 115 | 183 | 251 | 314 | 376 | 445 |
XIII | 20 | 28 | 37 | 51 | 64 | 99 | 160 | 22i2 | 282 | 340 |
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