Population age structure and dynamics of Pinus koraiensis in a broadleaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0498

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims To provide a theoretical basis for the protection and restoration of broadleaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain area, the population age structure and quantitative dynamics of Pinus koraiensis were investigated.

Methods We used field data to form the static life table, estimate the population quantitative indexes, and to fit the survival and mortality curves for identifying the population characteristics of P. koraiensis. We also used the survival functions and spectral analysis to explore its population age structure and to reveal natural regeneration processes and as well as future developmental trend.

Important findings Based on the distribution of diameter, the population of P. koraiensis could be sorted into 14 age classes and combined into four subpopulations, i.e., juvenile (I-III), middle-age (IV-VI), adult (VII-X) and old (XI-XIV) stages. By contrast, the number of individuals in population was higher in stages of young and adult and lower in middle and old stages. However, the survival curve of population was close to Deevey-III type, reflecting that the high mortality occurred in juvenile stage. In addition, external random interference was crucial for whole population dynamics. With and without such interference, the population of P. koraiensis become the constant type (V′_pi was close to 0) and increasing type (V_pi > 0), respectively. Moreover, the survival function analysis showed that the number of individuals of this species was dramatically decreased in early stage, and then relatively stable in middle-age stage and declined again in late stage. Furthermore, spectral analysis for this population indicated that the pattern of natural regeneration exhibited periodic fluctuation along successional process. With population development, the number of young and middle-aged individuals would gradually decrease while the number of adult and old individuals would gradually increase. High mortality of young individuals, limitation of resources, and physiological aging of old trees seem likely to be the important factors that drove population dynamics in this species. We thus suggest that improving habitat condition from silvicultural way may enhance seedling or sapling survival rate and promote their growth, which may benefit the recovery of population for P. koraiensis in this area.

Key words: Pinus koraiensis, population age structure, static life table, quantitative dynamics characteristics, conservation strategy

ZHANG Jin-Feng, GE Shu-Sen, LIANG Jin-Hua, LI Jun-Qing. Population age structure and dynamics of Pinus koraiensis in a broadleaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(6): 667-677.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I6/667

Figures/Tables 10

References 44

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龄级 Age class (x)	径级 DBH class (cm)	A_x	a_x	l_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	lnl_x	K_x	S_x
I	0-5	30	51	1 000	196	0.20	902	4 971	4.97	6.91	0.22	0.78
II	5-10	52	41	804	196	0.24	706	4 069	5.06	6.69	0.28	0.76
III	10-15	41	31	608	137	0.23	539	3 422	5.63	6.41	0.26	0.84
IV	15-20	23	24	471	39	0.08	451	2 882	6.13	6.15	0.09	0.91
V	20-25	14	22	431	39	0.09	412	2 431	5.64	6.07	0.10	0.90
VI	25-30	11	20	392	39	0.10	373	2 020	5.15	5.97	0.11	0.89
VII	30-35	15	18	353	39	0.11	333	1 647	4.67	5.87	0.12	0.88
VIII	35-40	19	16	314	39	0.13	294	1 313	4.19	5.75	0.13	0.87
IX	40-45	19	14	275	39	0.14	255	1 020	3.71	5.61	0.15	0.85
X	45-50	23	12	235	39	0.17	216	765	3.25	5.46	0.18	0.86
XI	50-55	10	10	196	19	0.10	186	549	2.80	5.28	0.11	0.89
XII	55-60	9	9	176	19	0.11	167	363	2.06	5.17	0.12	0.82
XIII	60-65	8	8	157	39	0.25	137	196	1.25	5.06	0.29	0.43
XIV	>65	6	6	118	-	-	59	-	-	4.77	-	-

龄级 Age class (x)	径级 DBH class (cm)	A_x	a_x	l_x	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	lnl_x	K_x	S_x
I	0-5	30	51	1 000	196	0.20	902	4 971	4.97	6.91	0.22	0.78
II	5-10	52	41	804	196	0.24	706	4 069	5.06	6.69	0.28	0.76
III	10-15	41	31	608	137	0.23	539	3 422	5.63	6.41	0.26	0.84
IV	15-20	23	24	471	39	0.08	451	2 882	6.13	6.15	0.09	0.91
V	20-25	14	22	431	39	0.09	412	2 431	5.64	6.07	0.10	0.90
VI	25-30	11	20	392	39	0.10	373	2 020	5.15	5.97	0.11	0.89
VII	30-35	15	18	353	39	0.11	333	1 647	4.67	5.87	0.12	0.88
VIII	35-40	19	16	314	39	0.13	294	1 313	4.19	5.75	0.13	0.87
IX	40-45	19	14	275	39	0.14	255	1 020	3.71	5.61	0.15	0.85
X	45-50	23	12	235	39	0.17	216	765	3.25	5.46	0.18	0.86
XI	50-55	10	10	196	19	0.10	186	549	2.80	5.28	0.11	0.89
XII	55-60	9	9	176	19	0.11	167	363	2.06	5.17	0.12	0.82
XIII	60-65	8	8	157	39	0.25	137	196	1.25	5.06	0.29	0.43
XIV	>65	6	6	118	-	-	59	-	-	4.77	-	-

存活曲线类型 Type	拟合模型 Test model	方程 Equation	R²	F	p
Deevey-II	a_x = a₀e^-bx	a_x = 7.742e^-0.038^x	0.623	18.918	0.001
Deevey-III	a_x = a₀x^-b	a_x = 1.496x^-0.853	0.718	30.505	0.000

存活曲线类型 Type	拟合模型 Test model	方程 Equation	R²	F	p
Deevey-II	a_x = a₀e^-bx	a_x = 7.742e^-0.038^x	0.623	18.918	0.001
Deevey-III	a_x = a₀x^-b	a_x = 1.496x^-0.853	0.718	30.505	0.000