三江源地区刺柏属植物群落类型特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0223

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

三江源地区位于青藏高原的腹地, 是典型的生态脆弱区, 刺柏属(Juniperus)植物群落是该地区天然林资源的重要组分, 在维持生物多样性与水生态安全方面发挥着重要作用。该研究调查了刺柏属植物群落的主要植被类型, 通过对53个样地的样方数据分析, 量化描述了其各个群落类型的主要特征。结果表明: (1)根据生活型和优势度原则, 该区刺柏属植物群落可划分为祁连圆柏(J. przewalskii)林、大果圆柏(J. tibetica)林、密枝圆柏(J. convallium)林、塔枝圆柏(J. komarovii)林、大果圆柏灌丛和密枝圆柏灌丛, 进一步分为15个群丛。(2)调查所得维管植物共有142种, 隶属34科90属, 其中菊科种数最多, 占总种数的16.20%。(3)群落垂直结构明显, 其中乔木层优势种单一, 灌木层优势种主要有鲜黄小檗(Berberis diaphana)、银露梅(Potentilla glabra)及灌木状的大果圆柏, 草本层以薹草属(Carex)和马先蒿属(Pedicularis)占优势。(4)该区种子植物种的地理成分中, 温带成分占总种数的52.59%, 温带亚洲分布、东亚分布和中亚分布等为本区分布占比较大的分布区类型; 中国特有种占47.41%; 区系成分呈现横断山植物区系和唐古特植物区系成分互相交融的特点。

关键词: 植物群落类型, 刺柏属, 三江源地区, 分布区类型, 物种组成

Abstract:

Aims Juniperus community is an important component of natural forest resources in the Three-River-Source Region, which is significant in maintaining biodiversity and ecological security on the Qingzang Plateau. Yet, the information on the characteristics of the Juniperus community is lacking due to their special geographical location and varied topography. In this study, the main vegetation types of Juniperus community were investigated, and the main characteristics of each community type were described quantitatively by analyzing data from 53 plots. Methods Based on the analysis of forest resources inventory data in the Three-River-Source Region, the representative distribution area of Juniperus was selected to set up 7 sites, a total of 53 plots. Through the investigation of field communities and plot properties, the importance of each species was quantified and calculated. The principle of life form and dominance methods in Vegetation of China were used to determine community types. Important findings (1) The Juniperus plant community in the Three-River-Source Region was divided into 6 alliances, and then further divided into 15 associations. (2) In total, 142 species of seed plants were recorded, which was belonged to 34 families and 90 genera. Among them, Compositae was the major family, accounting for 16.20% of the total species. (3) The vertical structure of the community was obvious, in which the dominant species in the tree layer was single. The dominant species in the shrub layer were Berberis diaphana, Potentilla glabra and shrubby Juniperus tibetica. The herb layer were dominated by Carex and Pedicularis. (4) Among the geographical elements of seed plant species, the Temperate distribution accounted for 52.59% of the total species, while the rest was Chinese endemic species accounting for 47.41%. Temperate Asian, East Asian and Central Asian were the dominated areal-types in the Temperate distribution. Furthermore, the floristic elements of Hengduanshan flora and Tanggut flora were mixed formed the unique characteristic areal-type in the region.

Key words: plant community type, Juniperus, Three-River-Source Region, areal-type, species composition

朱芩, 宁盼, 侯琳, 郝家田, 胡云云. 三江源地区刺柏属植物群落类型特征. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(1): 114-122. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0223

Qin ZHU, Pan NING, Lin HOU, Jia-Tian HAO, Yun-Yun HU. Characteristics of Juniperus community types in the Three-River-Source Region. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(1): 114-122. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0223

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0223

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I1/114

图/表 4

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群丛 Association	样地号 No. of plot	分布地 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope gradient (°)	林分平均胸径 Stand average DBH (cm)	林分平均高 Stand mean height (m)
I	37, 38, 49	ZK	2 930-3 322	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	24-38	29.5 ± 7.9	8.8 ± 0.9
II	32, 34	ZK	3 020-3 082	阳坡 Sunny slope	31-37	20.7 ± 0.0	8.5 ± 0.2
III	31, 33, 35, 36	ZK	2 940-3 100	阳坡 Sunny slope	34-40	22.3 ± 4.2	8.5 ± 0.8
IV	42, 43, 44	TD	3 360-3 420	阳坡 Sunny slope	25-32	28.8 ± 6.7	10.0 ± 2.3
V	39, 40, 41	TD	3 322-3 350	阴坡 Shady slope	25-30	35.0 ± 2.7	7.4 ± 1.9
VI	45, 46, 47, 48, 50	XH	3 630-3 800	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	31-39	32.0 ± 11.3	9.4 ± 2.5
VII	14, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30	NQ	3 640-4 170	阳坡 Sunny slope	33-40	23.1 ± 9.1	6.3 ± 1.3
VIII	7, 8, 11, 12	BM	3 710-3 755	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	22-30	19.5 ± 4.3	6.2 ± 1.0
IX	9	BM	3 660	阳坡 Sunny slope	38	17.6	5.4
X	18, 19, 20, 21, 22	YS	3 532-3 755	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	29-34	22.8 ± 4.0	7.8 ± 0.6
XI	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6	BM	3 573-3 600	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	24-33	17.0 ± 4.8	6.2 ± 0.4
XII	51, 52, 53	ZD	4 102-4 290	阳坡 Sunny slope	32-40	-	-
XIII	15, 16, 17	NQ	3 972-4 060	阳坡 Sunny slope	29-35	-	-
XIV	10	BM	3 790	阳坡 Sunny slope	49	-	-
XV	13	NQ	3 800	阴坡 Shady slope	28	-	-

群丛 Association	样地号 No. of plot	分布地 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope gradient (°)	林分平均胸径 Stand average DBH (cm)	林分平均高 Stand mean height (m)
I	37, 38, 49	ZK	2 930-3 322	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	24-38	29.5 ± 7.9	8.8 ± 0.9
II	32, 34	ZK	3 020-3 082	阳坡 Sunny slope	31-37	20.7 ± 0.0	8.5 ± 0.2
III	31, 33, 35, 36	ZK	2 940-3 100	阳坡 Sunny slope	34-40	22.3 ± 4.2	8.5 ± 0.8
IV	42, 43, 44	TD	3 360-3 420	阳坡 Sunny slope	25-32	28.8 ± 6.7	10.0 ± 2.3
V	39, 40, 41	TD	3 322-3 350	阴坡 Shady slope	25-30	35.0 ± 2.7	7.4 ± 1.9
VI	45, 46, 47, 48, 50	XH	3 630-3 800	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	31-39	32.0 ± 11.3	9.4 ± 2.5
VII	14, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30	NQ	3 640-4 170	阳坡 Sunny slope	33-40	23.1 ± 9.1	6.3 ± 1.3
VIII	7, 8, 11, 12	BM	3 710-3 755	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	22-30	19.5 ± 4.3	6.2 ± 1.0
IX	9	BM	3 660	阳坡 Sunny slope	38	17.6	5.4
X	18, 19, 20, 21, 22	YS	3 532-3 755	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	29-34	22.8 ± 4.0	7.8 ± 0.6
XI	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6	BM	3 573-3 600	阳坡或半阳坡 Sunny slope or half sunny slope	24-33	17.0 ± 4.8	6.2 ± 0.4
XII	51, 52, 53	ZD	4 102-4 290	阳坡 Sunny slope	32-40	-	-
XIII	15, 16, 17	NQ	3 972-4 060	阳坡 Sunny slope	29-35	-	-
XIV	10	BM	3 790	阳坡 Sunny slope	49	-	-
XV	13	NQ	3 800	阴坡 Shady slope	28	-	-

分布类型 Areal-type	种数 Species	占总种数的比例 Ratio to total species (%)
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan distribution	7	-
温带分布 Temperate distribution	71	52.59
8. 北温带 North Temperate	8	5.93
10. 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	4	2.96
11. 温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	26	19.26
13. 中亚 Central Asia	13	9.63
13-0. 中亚广布 Pan-Central Asia	(3)	(2.22)
13-1. 中亚东部(亚洲中部) East Central Asia (Asia Media)	(6)	(4.44)
13-2. 中亚至喜马拉雅和我国西南 Central Asia to Himalaya & Southwest China	(4)	(2.96)
14. 东亚 East Asia	20	14.81
14-0. 东亚广布 Pan-East Asia	(4)	(2.96)
14-1. 中国-喜马拉雅 Sino-Himalaya	(15)	(11.11)
14-2. 中国日本 Sino-Japan	(1)	(0.74)
非中国特有种 Non-Chinese endemic species	78	-
15. 中国特有种 Endemic to China	64	47.41
合计(不含世界分布) Total (excluded the cosmopolitan distribution)	135	100

分布类型 Areal-type	种数 Species	占总种数的比例 Ratio to total species (%)
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan distribution	7	-
温带分布 Temperate distribution	71	52.59
8. 北温带 North Temperate	8	5.93
10. 旧世界温带 Old World Temperate	4	2.96
11. 温带亚洲 Temperate Asia	26	19.26
13. 中亚 Central Asia	13	9.63
13-0. 中亚广布 Pan-Central Asia	(3)	(2.22)
13-1. 中亚东部(亚洲中部) East Central Asia (Asia Media)	(6)	(4.44)
13-2. 中亚至喜马拉雅和我国西南 Central Asia to Himalaya & Southwest China	(4)	(2.96)
14. 东亚 East Asia	20	14.81
14-0. 东亚广布 Pan-East Asia	(4)	(2.96)
14-1. 中国-喜马拉雅 Sino-Himalaya	(15)	(11.11)
14-2. 中国日本 Sino-Japan	(1)	(0.74)
非中国特有种 Non-Chinese endemic species	78	-
15. 中国特有种 Endemic to China	64	47.41
合计(不含世界分布) Total (excluded the cosmopolitan distribution)	135	100

分布亚型 Areal-subtypes	种数 Species	占本类型比例 Ratio of this type (%)	占总种数的比例 Ratio to total species (%)
15-2. 三江源地区与唐古特地区共有 Species common to the Three-River Headwater Region and Tanggute Region	1	1.56	0.74
15-3. 三江源地区与中国其他地区共有 Species common to the Three-River Headwater Region and other areas in China	63	98.44	46.67
a. 西藏(北部)或(西北部) North Xizang or Northeast Xizang	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
b. 四川(西部) West Sichuan	(3)	(4.69)	(2.22)
c. 西藏-四川 Xizang and Sichuan	(2)	(3.13)	(1.48)
e. 四川-云南 Sichuan and Yunnan	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
f. 西南(藏、滇、川) Southwest China (Xizang, Sichuan and Yunnan)	(4)	(6.25)	(2.96)
g. 甘肃或甘肃(南部) Gansu or South Gansu	(4)	(6.25)	(2.96)
i. 四川-甘肃 Sichuan and Gansu	(7)	(10.94)	(5.19)
j. 西藏-四川-甘肃 Xizang, Sichuan and Gansu	(11)	(17.19)	(8.15)
k. 四川-甘肃-陕西 Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
o. 甘肃-陕西 Gansu and Shaanxi	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
r. 西南-西北 Southwest & Northwest China	(11)	(17.19)	(8.15)
s. 西北-华北 Northwest & North China	(4)	(6.25)	(2.96)
t. 西南-西北-华北 Southwest, Northwest & North China	(6)	(9.38)	(4.44)
u. 北方(西北-华北-东北) North of China (Northwest, North and Northeast China)	(2)	(3.13)	(1.48)
v. 西南-西北-华中 Southwest, Northwest & Central China	(2)	(3.13)	(1.48)
w. 西南-西北-华北-华中 Southwest, Northwest, North & Central China	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
x. 北方-西南 North & Southwest China	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
z. 北方-南方 Throughout the mainland of China	(1)	(1.56)	(0.74)
合计 Total	64	100	47.41