模拟干旱和磷添加对热带低地雨林氮矿化过程的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0191

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 102-113.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0191

模拟干旱和磷添加对热带低地雨林氮矿化过程的影响

赵阳¹, 栾军伟¹, 王一¹, 杨怀¹, 刘世荣²^,^*()

¹国际竹藤中心竹藤资源与环境研究所, 国家林业和草原局/北京市共建竹藤科学与技术重点实验室, 北京 100102
²中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所, 国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室, 北京 100091

收稿日期:2021-05-19 接受日期:2021-07-13 出版日期:2022-01-20 发布日期:2022-04-13
通讯作者: 刘世荣
作者简介:*(liusr@caf.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国际竹藤中心基本科研业务费学科发展项目(1632019006);国际竹藤中心基本科研业务费学科发展项目(1632021023);国家自然科学基金(31930078);国家自然科学基金(31971461)

Effects of simulated drought and phosphorus addition on nitrogen mineralization in tropical lowland rain forests

Yang ZHAO¹, Jun-Wei LUAN¹, Yi WANG¹, Huai YANG¹, Shi-Rong LIU²^,^*()

¹Institute of Resources and Environment, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing for Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
²Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2021-05-19 Accepted:2021-07-13 Online:2022-01-20 Published:2022-04-13
Contact: Shi-Rong LIU
Supported by:
Foundamental Research Funds for ICBR(1632019006);Foundamental Research Funds for ICBR(1632021023);the National Natural science Foundation of China(31930078);the National Natural science Foundation of China(31971461)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤氮矿化作为氮转化的主要过程决定土壤供氮能力。热带森林生态系统往往受磷限制, 氮矿化过程对干旱的响应是否受磷限制的调控值得探讨。该研究以海南三亚甘什岭自然保护区热带低地雨林为研究对象, 利用2019年建立的林内穿透雨减少(50%)及磷添加双因素交互实验平台, 通过野外树脂芯原位培养法研究模拟干旱及磷添加对土壤无机氮(包括铵态氮和硝态氮)含量和氮矿化过程的影响。结果表明: 1)减雨处理显著降低了5和15 cm深度土壤的水分含量, 而对土壤温度没有显著影响。2)减雨处理和减雨与磷添加共同处理无论在旱季还是湿季对0-10 cm土壤无机氮含量均没有产生显著影响, 但磷添加处理在旱季显著降低了土壤硝态氮含量, 表明磷添加处理对氮有效性的影响主要体现在旱季, 而非湿季。3)干旱处理在旱季和湿季均显著降低了土壤净氨化速率和净氮矿化速率, 而磷添加处理和减雨与磷添加共同处理无论在旱季还是湿季对净氨化速率、净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率均没有产生显著影响, 结果表明了干旱能够显著降低土壤净氮矿化速率。4)土壤水分含量与土壤净氨化速率和净氮矿化速率呈显著正相关关系, 同时减雨处理显著影响了土壤净氨化速率与铵态氮含量的关系, 并且在铵态氮含量相等的情况, 随着干旱的影响净氨化速率下降得更快。这表明土壤水分含量变化是影响该研究样地土壤氮矿化的主要因素。上述研究结果说明, 降水变化对热带低地雨林中土壤氮矿化有重要影响, 短期磷添加没有显著影响, 减雨与磷添加对土壤氮矿化过程并没有交互效应。

关键词: 热带低地雨林, 干旱, 磷添加, 氮循环, 无机氮, 土壤氮矿化

Abstract:

Aims Soil nitrogen (N) mineralization is the main process of N transformation, which determines soil N supply capacity. According to the report that the intensity and frequency of extreme hydrological events such as drought would continue to increase in the future. However, how drought impact on soil N mineralization in tropical lowland rain forests, and if this process is regulated by phosphorus (P) are less understood, given that tropical ecosystem is normally considered as P-limited. Methods Here, we employed a two-factor climate change manipulative experiment (50% throughfall reduction and P addition), which was established in 2019 in a tropical lowland rain forest in the Ganza Ridge Nature Reserve in Sanya, Hainan. The in-situ resin core method was used to study the effects of drought and P addition on soil inorganic N and N mineralization process. Important findings Our results show that: 1) Rainfall reduction significantly reduced the soil moisture at depths of 5 cm and 15 cm, but had no significant effect on soil temperature. 2) Rainfall reduction and the interactive treatment of rainfall reduction and P addition did not impact on soil inorganic N (including ammonium N and nitrate N) content in the dry season or wet season, but P addition significantly reduced soil nitrate N in the dry season, indicated that the effect of P addition on N availability was mainly reflected in the dry season rather than wet season. 3) Rainfall reduction significantly reduced the net ammonification rate and net N mineralization rate in both dry and wet seasons, however, these processes did not respond to P addition or their interaction. 4) Soil moisture positively correlated with the soil net ammonification rate and the net N mineralization rate. Meanwhile, rainfall reduction significantly affected the relationship between the soil net ammonification rate and the ammonium N content, where when the ammonium N was comparable, the net ammonification rate dropped faster under the impact of drought. This indicated that the change of soil moisture was the main factor that affected the soil N mineralization of the study plots. Collectively, our results demonstrated that precipitation changes had an important impact on soil N mineralization in tropical lowland rain forests, but short-term P addition had no significant effect, rainfall reduction and P addition had no interactive effect on the soil N mineralization processes.

Key words: tropical lowland rain forest, drought, phosphorus addition, nitrogen cycle, inorganic nitrogen, soil nitrogen mineralization

赵阳, 栾军伟, 王一, 杨怀, 刘世荣. 模拟干旱和磷添加对热带低地雨林氮矿化过程的影响. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(1): 102-113. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0191

Yang ZHAO, Jun-Wei LUAN, Yi WANG, Huai YANG, Shi-Rong LIU. Effects of simulated drought and phosphorus addition on nitrogen mineralization in tropical lowland rain forests. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(1): 102-113. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0191

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I1/102

图/表 9

表1 海南甘什岭自然保护区研究样地土壤基本理化性质(平均值±标准误, n = 3)

Table 1 Soil physical and chemical properties of the study plots in Ganza Ridge Natural Reserve, Hainan (mean ± SE, n = 3)

土壤密度 Soil density (g·cm^-3)	土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity (%)		土壤颗粒组成 Soil particle composition (%)			土壤 Soil pH	土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	土壤速效钾含量 Soil available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)
土壤密度 Soil density (g·cm^-3)	毛管 Capillary	非毛管 Non-capillary	砂粒 Sand	粉粒 Silt	黏粒 Clay	土壤 Soil pH	土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content (g·kg^-1)	土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content (g·kg^-1)	土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content (g·kg^-1)	土壤速效钾含量 Soil available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)
1.37 ± 0.02	37.55 ± 1.69	5.57 ± 0.46	54.01 ± 4.05	42.84 ± 3.71	3.15 ± 0.36	4.83 ± 0.08	12.52 ± 0.07	1.10 ± 0.09	0.19 ± 0.02	78.01 ± 3.11

表2 海南甘什岭自然保护区研究样地林分特征(平均值±标准误, n = 3)

Table 2 Stand characteristics of the study sample plot in Ganza Ridge Natural Reserve, Hainan (mean ± SE, n = 3)

样地 Sites	密度 Density (trees·hm^-2)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均树高 Mean height (m)
对照 CK	18 864 ± 6 543	3.28 ± 0.23	4.82 ± 0.33
林内减雨 D	17 663 ± 4 441	2.89 ± 0.34	4.43 ± 0.59
磷添加 P	18 194 ± 3 993	3.23 ± 0.29	4.55 ± 0.55
林内减雨和磷添加交互 D × P	16 539 ± 6 912	3.42 ± 0.08	5.04 ± 0.26

图1 海南甘什岭自然保护区研究样地林内减雨设计。

Fig. 1 Throughfall reduction experiment design in forest of Ganza Ridge Nature Reserve, Hainan.

图2 2019年4月13日至2020年9月24日不同处理对甘什岭自然保护区土壤深度为5 cm (A, B)和15 cm (C, D)处的土壤温度和土壤水分含量日平均变化(n = 4)。 CK, 对照; D, 林内减雨; P, 磷添加; D × P, 林内减雨和磷添加交互。

Fig. 2 Daily mean soil temperature and soil water content at depth of 5 cm (A, B) and 15 cm (C, D) from April 13, 2019 to September 24, 2020 in Ganza Ridge Nature Reserve under different treatments (n = 4). CK, control; D, rainfall reduction in the forest; P, phosphorus addition; D × P, interactions between rainfall reduction in forests and phosphorus addition.

图3 模拟干旱和磷添加分别在旱(A、C、E)、湿(B、D、F)季对甘什岭自然保护区0-10 cm土层的土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)和无机氮含量的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 9)。 CK, 对照; D, 林内减雨; P, 磷添加; D × P, 林内减雨和磷添加交互。

Fig. 3 Effects of simulated drought and phosphorus addition of Ganza Ridge Nature Reserve on the content of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen in 0-10 cm soil layer in dry (A, C, E) and wet (B, D, F) seasons, respectively (mean ± SE, n = 9). CK, control; D, rainfall reduction in the forest; P, phosphorus addition; D × P, interactions between rainfall reduction in forests and phosphorus addition.

图4 模拟干旱和磷添加分别在旱(A、C、E)、湿(B、D、F)季对甘什岭自然保护区0-10 cm土层的土壤净氨化速率(NAR)、净硝化速率(NNR)和净氮矿化速率(NMR)的影响(平均值±标准误, n = 9)。 CK, 对照; D, 林内减雨; P, 磷添加; D × P, 林内减雨和磷添加交互。

Fig. 4 Effects of simulated drought and phosphorus addition of Ganza Ridge Nature Reserve on the net ammonification rate (NAR), net nitrification rate (NNR) and net nitrogen mineralization rate (NMR) of 0-10 cm soil layer in the dry (A, C, E) and wet (B, D, F) seasons, respectively (mean ± SE, n = 9). CK, control; D, rainfall reduction in the forest; P, phosphorus addition; D × P, interactions between rainfall reduction in forests and phosphorus addition.

表3 海南甘什岭自然保护区研究样地土壤净氨化速率(NAR)、净硝化速率(NNR)和净氮矿化速率(NMR)与土壤理化性质的关系

Table 3 Correlations between soil physical and chemical properties and net ammonification rate (NAR), net nitrification rate (NNR) and net nitrogen mineralization rate (NMR) in Ganza Ridge Nature Reserve, Hainan

指标 Index	NAR	NNR	NMR
5 cm土壤温度 5 cm soil temperature (℃)	0.081	0.146	0.115
5 cm土壤水分含量 5 cm soil water content (m³·m^-3)	0.343^*	0.106	0.348^*
土壤pH Soil pH	0.274	-0.020	0.248
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon (C) content (g·kg^-1)	0.103	0.072	0.118
土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen (N) content (g·kg^-1)	0.071	0.173	0.116
土壤碳氮比 Soil C:N ratio	0.060	-0.181	0.009
土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus (P) content (g·kg^-1)	-0.177	0.133	-0.128
土壤铵态氮含量 NH₄⁺-N content (mg·kg^-1)	0.391^*	0.128	0.402^*
土壤硝态氮含量 NO₃^--N content (mg·kg^-1)	0.002	0.442^**	0.126

图5 海南甘什岭自然保护区净氨化速率(NAR)与铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量的关系分别在模拟干旱处理(A)和磷添加处理(B)的协方差分析(n = 18)。 CK, 对照; D, 林内减雨; P, 磷添加; D × P, 林内减雨和磷添加交互。

Fig. 5 Covariance analyses on the relationships between the net ammonification rate (NAR) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) content that affected by simulated drought (A) and phosphorus addition (B) in Ganza Ridge Nature Reserve, Hainan, respectively (n = 18).CK, control; D, rainfall reduction in the forest; P, phosphorus addition; D × P, interactions between rainfall reduction in forests and phosphorus addition.

图6 甘什岭自然保护区净硝化速率(NNR)与硝态氮(NO3--N)含量的关系分别在模拟干旱处理(A)和磷添加处理(B)的协方差分析(n = 18)。 CK, 对照; D, 林内减雨; P, 磷添加。

Fig. 6 Covariance analyses on the relationships between net nitrification rate (NNR) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) content that affected by simulated drought (A) and phosphorus addition (B) in Ganza Ridge Nature Reserve, respectively (n = 18). CK, control; D, rainfall reduction in the forest; P, phosphorus addition.

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模拟干旱和磷添加对热带低地雨林氮矿化过程的影响

Effects of simulated drought and phosphorus addition on nitrogen mineralization in tropical lowland rain forests

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