关键词: 外生菌根真菌, 高寒生态系统, 碳循环, 氮循环, 气候变化

Abstract: Alpine ecosystems, characterized by high latitudes, high altitudes, cold climates, and extensive permafrost distribution, are highly sensitive to global climate change. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) represent a major group of symbiotic microorganisms associated with dominant plant species in these ecosystems. They form unique ectomycorrhizal structures with host plants, establishing mutualistic relationships that promote seedling growth, enhance water and nutrient uptake, and improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Through dual pathways of “carbon input–stabilization” and “nitrogen mineralization–uptake”, ectomycorrhizal fungi regulate material cycling processes in alpine ecosystems, serving as key drivers of carbon and nitrogen cycling. This review summarizes the critical roles of ectomycorrhizal fungi in carbon and nitrogen cycling within alpine ecosystems and their responses to climate change. It emphasizes the importance of preserving ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity and key functional groups to maintain carbon and nitrogen cycling processes and ecosystem stability in alpine regions under global climate change, thereby providing scientific support for the conservation of vulnerable alpine habitats and addressing climate-related threats. Future research should further investigate the response mechanisms and feedback regulation of ectomycorrhizal fungal functional traits and diversity under multiple climate change factors. Integrating mycorrhizal ecology into the "One Health" framework will contribute to better serving ecosystem and human health.

Key words: Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Alpine ecosystem, Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Climate change