西南干旱河谷植物群落组分生物量的纬度格局及其影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0237

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 539-551.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0237

西南干旱河谷植物群落组分生物量的纬度格局及其影响因素

王子龙¹^,², 胡斌¹, 包维楷¹, 李芳兰¹^,^*(), 胡慧¹^,², 韦丹丹¹^,², 杨婷惠¹^,², 黎小娟¹^,²

¹中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室, 生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室, 中国科学院成都生物研究所, 成都 610041
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-06-26 接受日期:2021-10-13 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2021-12-16
通讯作者: 李芳兰
作者简介:* (lifl@cib.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505105);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY202300)

Latitudinal patterns and underlying factors of component biomass in plant communities in the arid valley of southwest China

WANG Zi-Long¹^,², HU Bin¹, BAO Wei-Kai¹, LI Fang-Lan¹^,^*(), HU Hui¹^,², WEI Dan-Dan¹^,², YANG Ting-Hui¹^,², LI Xiao-Juan¹^,²

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity, Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-06-26 Accepted:2021-10-13 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2021-12-16
Contact: LI Fang-Lan
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0505105);Special Foundation for National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China(2019FY202300)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究植物群落不同组分生物量的纬度格局及其与生物、非生物因子的定量关系有助于揭示植物对环境的适应性, 能够解释生态系统结构和功能的空间差异性及其成因。该研究在西南干旱河谷跨越9个纬度(23.23°-32.26° N), 布置101个群落样方(4 m × 6 m)。采用收割法测定群落及组分生物量, 分析生物量在纬度梯度上的变化规律及其影响因子。结果显示, 干旱河谷群落平均生物量为(17.05 ± 1.09) t·hm^-2, 其中, 灌木平均生物量为(11.51 ± 1.03) t·hm^-2, 占60.2%; 草本平均生物量为(2.11 ± 0.21) t·hm^-2, 占15.6%; 凋落物平均生物量为(3.41 ± 0.34) t·hm^-2, 占24.1%。群落生物量和灌木生物量随纬度升高而显著增加, 草本生物量随纬度升高无明显变化, 凋落物生物量随纬度的升高而显著降低。随着纬度增加, 灌木生物量的比例明显增大, 草本生物量的比例无明显变化, 凋落物生物量的比例明显降低。灌木优势度及丰富度的变化是驱动干旱河谷植被生物量在纬度梯度上变化的主要内在因子, 而外在因子中, 气候因子对群落及组分生物量的影响显著高于土壤因子｡

关键词: 生物量, 纬度, 群落, 环境因子, 干旱河谷

Abstract:

Aims The study of the pattern of biomass variations and their drivers along environmental gradients commonly contributes to the understanding of plant’s adaptability to environmental changes, further explains the spatial differences in vegetation and ecosystem processes. We investigated the biomass latitudinal patterns of plant communities and its components and revealed the quantitative relationships of biomass with climatic, soil and community structure as well as species diversity.

Methods In order to analyze the variation patterns of biomass along the latitude gradient and the drivers, we set up a total of 101 plots (4 m × 6 m) across nine region along latitude in the arid valley of southwest China (23.23°-32.26° N), to investigate biomass and species composition of plant communities and its components.

Important findings In the arid valley, the average biomass of community was (17.05 ± 1.09) t·hm^-2, of which the average biomass of shrub, herb and litter were (11.51 ± 1.03), (2.11 ± 0.21) and (3.41 ± 0.34) t·hm^-2, respectively, with each of them accounting for 60.2%, 15.6%, and 24.1% of the community biomass. With the increase of latitude, community biomass increased significantly. Shrub biomass and their proportion also increased significantly, herb biomass and their proportion remained consistent, whereas litter biomass decreased significantly. The changes of shrub dominance and abundance were the main internal factor for vegetation biomass variation along the latitude gradient. Additionally, compared with soil factors, climatic factors had a more significant impact on the biomass changes of communities and its components.

Key words: biomass, latitude, community, environment factor, arid valley

王子龙, 胡斌, 包维楷, 李芳兰, 胡慧, 韦丹丹, 杨婷惠, 黎小娟. 西南干旱河谷植物群落组分生物量的纬度格局及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(5): 539-551. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0237

WANG Zi-Long, HU Bin, BAO Wei-Kai, LI Fang-Lan, HU Hui, WEI Dan-Dan, YANG Ting-Hui, LI Xiao-Juan. Latitudinal patterns and underlying factors of component biomass in plant communities in the arid valley of southwest China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(5): 539-551. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0237

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图/表 8

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变量 Variable	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE
群落生物量 CB (t·hm^-2)	56.50	2.51	17.05 ± 1.09
灌木生物量 SB (t·hm^-2)	52.49	0.26	11.51 ± 1.03
草本生物量 HB (t·hm^-2)	9.68	0.03	2.11 ± 0.21
凋落物生物量 LB (t·hm^-2)	18.34	0.29	3.41 ± 0.34
植被地上生物量 VAGB (t·hm^-2)	34.37	0.12	7.32 ± 0.58
植被地下生物量 VAGB (t·hm^-2)	43.57	0.21	6.30 ± 0.59
灌木地上生物量 SAGB (t·hm^-2)	32.73	0.10	6.51 ± 0.58
灌木地下生物量 SAGB (t·hm^-2)	42.21	0.12	5.00 ± 0.59
灌木生物量百分比 SB/CB (%)	96.53	1.62	60.18 ± 2.76
草本生物量百分比 HB/CB (%)	69.90	0.57	15.57 ± 1.67
凋落物生物量百分比 LB/CB (%)	86.67	1.57	24.14 ± 2.09

变量 Variable	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值±标准误 Mean ± SE
群落生物量 CB (t·hm^-2)	56.50	2.51	17.05 ± 1.09
灌木生物量 SB (t·hm^-2)	52.49	0.26	11.51 ± 1.03
草本生物量 HB (t·hm^-2)	9.68	0.03	2.11 ± 0.21
凋落物生物量 LB (t·hm^-2)	18.34	0.29	3.41 ± 0.34
植被地上生物量 VAGB (t·hm^-2)	34.37	0.12	7.32 ± 0.58
植被地下生物量 VAGB (t·hm^-2)	43.57	0.21	6.30 ± 0.59
灌木地上生物量 SAGB (t·hm^-2)	32.73	0.10	6.51 ± 0.58
灌木地下生物量 SAGB (t·hm^-2)	42.21	0.12	5.00 ± 0.59
灌木生物量百分比 SB/CB (%)	96.53	1.62	60.18 ± 2.76
草本生物量百分比 HB/CB (%)	69.90	0.57	15.57 ± 1.67
凋落物生物量百分比 LB/CB (%)	86.67	1.57	24.14 ± 2.09

变量 Variable	第一轴 RDA1	第二轴 RDA2	第三轴 RDA3
土壤阳离子交换量 Soil cation exchange capacity	0.22	0.41	0.19
土壤总磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content	-0.11	0.09	0.15
土壤总氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content	-0.37	0.08	-0.18
土壤总碳含量 Soil total carbon content	-0.25	0.15	-0.21
土壤 pH Soil pH	-0.28	-0.25	-0.50
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content	-0.16	0.26	0.03
土壤钙离子交换量 Soil calcium ion exchange capacity	-0.14	0.11	-0.28
土壤镁离子交换量 Soil magnesium ion exchange capacity	-0.47	-0.06	0.24
土壤总无机氮含量 Soil total inorganic nitrogen content	0.28	0.21	-0.03
群落平均高度 Mean community height	0.00	0.77	0.31
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage	-0.70	0.49	0.11
草本盖度 Herb coverage	0.66	-0.22	0.33
凋落物盖度 Litter coverage	0.61	0.15	0.42
灌木丰富度 Shrub richness	-0.44	0.22	0.19
草本丰富度 Herb richness	-0.42	-0.22	0.31
草本Shannon-Wiener指数 Herb Shannon-Wiener index	0.64	0.61	-0.21
草本Margalef指数 Herb Margalef index	0.33	0.26	-0.41
灌木Shannon-Wiener指数 Shrub Shannon-Wiener index	-0.63	0.03	0.16
灌木Margalef指数 Shrub Margalef index	-0.38	0.25	0.21
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation	0.21	0.70	0.06
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature	0.65	0.42	0.07
群落生物量 Community biomass	0.00	0.00	0.00
灌木生物量 Shrub biomass	-0.65	0.10	0.09
草本生物量 Herb biomass	0.30	-0.56	0.06
凋落物生物量 Litter biomass	0.62	0.37	0.07

变量 Variable	第一轴 RDA1	第二轴 RDA2	第三轴 RDA3
土壤阳离子交换量 Soil cation exchange capacity	0.22	0.41	0.19
土壤总磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content	-0.11	0.09	0.15
土壤总氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content	-0.37	0.08	-0.18
土壤总碳含量 Soil total carbon content	-0.25	0.15	-0.21
土壤 pH Soil pH	-0.28	-0.25	-0.50
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content	-0.16	0.26	0.03
土壤钙离子交换量 Soil calcium ion exchange capacity	-0.14	0.11	-0.28
土壤镁离子交换量 Soil magnesium ion exchange capacity	-0.47	-0.06	0.24
土壤总无机氮含量 Soil total inorganic nitrogen content	0.28	0.21	-0.03
群落平均高度 Mean community height	0.00	0.77	0.31
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage	-0.70	0.49	0.11
草本盖度 Herb coverage	0.66	-0.22	0.33
凋落物盖度 Litter coverage	0.61	0.15	0.42
灌木丰富度 Shrub richness	-0.44	0.22	0.19
草本丰富度 Herb richness	-0.42	-0.22	0.31
草本Shannon-Wiener指数 Herb Shannon-Wiener index	0.64	0.61	-0.21
草本Margalef指数 Herb Margalef index	0.33	0.26	-0.41
灌木Shannon-Wiener指数 Shrub Shannon-Wiener index	-0.63	0.03	0.16
灌木Margalef指数 Shrub Margalef index	-0.38	0.25	0.21
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation	0.21	0.70	0.06
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature	0.65	0.42	0.07
群落生物量 Community biomass	0.00	0.00	0.00
灌木生物量 Shrub biomass	-0.65	0.10	0.09
草本生物量 Herb biomass	0.30	-0.56	0.06
凋落物生物量 Litter biomass	0.62	0.37	0.07

变量 Variable	群落 Community	灌木 Shrub	草本 Herb	凋落物 Litter
土壤阳离子交换量 Soil cation exchange capacity	0.028	-0.011	-0.202^*	0.244^*
土壤总磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content	-0.010	0.022	-0.088	-0.033
土壤总氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content	0.094	0.183	-0.074	-0.182
土壤总碳含量 Soil total carbon content	0.083	0.140	-0.082	-0.090
土壤pH Soil pH	-0.236^*	-0.115	0.046	-0.418^**
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content	0.045	0.084	-0.128	-0.016
土壤钙离子交换量 Soil calcium ion exchange capacity	-0.034	0.051	-0.076	-0.191
土壤镁离子交换量 Soil magnesium ion exchange capacity	0.055	0.155	-0.082	-0.213^*
土壤总无机氮含量 Soil total inorganic nitrogen content	0.013	-0.046	-0.053	0.201^*
群落均高 Mean community height	0.053	0.072	-0.414^**	0.220^*
灌木盖度 Shrub coverage	0.014	0.212^*	-0.483^**	-0.244^*
草本盖度 Herb coverage	0.090	-0.100	0.282^**	0.364^**
凋落物盖度 Litter coverage	0.077	-0.092	0.074	0.436^**
灌木丰富度 Shrub richness	0.157	0.250^*	-0.206^*	-0.097
草本丰富度 Herb richness	0.159	0.239^*	0.045	-0.219^*
草本Shannon-Wiener指数 Herb Shannon-Wiener index	-0.155	-0.224^*	-0.295^**	0.347^**
草本Margalef指数 Herb Margalef index	-0.143	-0.147	-0.151	0.082
灌木Shannon-Wiener指数 Shrub Shannon-Wiener index	0.073	0.224^*	-0.139	-0.314^**
灌木Margalef指数 Shrub Margalef index	0.144	0.211^*	-0.185	-0.041
年降水量 Mean annual precipitation	-0.262^**	-0.189	-0.449^**	0.034
年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature	-0.077	-0.199^*	-0.110	0.395^**

西南干旱河谷植物群落组分生物量的纬度格局及其影响因素

Latitudinal patterns and underlying factors of component biomass in plant communities in the arid valley of southwest China

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