少花蒺藜草入侵与干旱对羊草群落生产力的影响机制

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0374

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 577-589.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0374 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0374

所属专题：入侵生态学

少花蒺藜草入侵与干旱对羊草群落生产力的影响机制

白皓然¹^,², 侯盟¹, 刘艳杰¹^,^*()

¹中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春130102
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2023-12-14 接受日期:2024-01-23 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-01-24
通讯作者: *(ecoyj.liu@gmail.com)
基金资助:
中国科学院率先行动青年人才项目(Y9B7041001)

Mechanisms of the invasion of Cenchrus spinifex and drought effects on productivity of Leymus chinensis community

BAI Hao-Ran¹^,², HOU Meng¹, LIU Yan-Jie¹^,^*()

¹Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2023-12-14 Accepted:2024-01-23 Online:2024-05-20 Published:2024-01-24
Contact: *(ecoyj.liu@gmail.com)
Supported by:
Chinese Academy of Sciences Pioneering Young Talent Program(Y9B7041001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

羊草(Leymus chinensis)草原是中国草地资源中珍贵的自然财富, 其生产力受到多种全球变化因素的制约。其中, 少花蒺藜草(Cenchrus spinifex)入侵(以下简称为“入侵”)与干旱对东北松嫩草原区羊草群落影响尤为显著, 但相关机制仍较少被关注。该研究通过微宇宙控制实验, 采用两因素完全交互设计, 探究入侵与干旱对羊草群落生产力影响的作用机制。因素一是入侵处理(入侵vs对照), 因素二为水分处理(干旱vs正常水分), 每个处理设置10次重复, 实验共计40盆。结果表明: 入侵与干旱会显著降低羊草群落与优势物种羊草的地上生物量。干旱处理下土壤有效氮含量与土壤节肢动物的丰富度显著下降, 而土壤细菌与球囊霉科(Glomeraceae)丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)丰度显著增加。入侵对土壤真菌有效物种数的影响受到干旱的调节, 表现为在正常水分条件下入侵不影响土壤真菌的有效物种数, 但在干旱条件下入侵显著增加土壤真菌的有效物种数。结构方程模型结果表明, 入侵与干旱均直接抑制羊草群落生产力。干旱通过增加土壤真菌优势菌群的丰度进而间接缓解对本地群落生产力的负面影响。此外, 两者协同作用通过增加土壤真菌群落多样性抑制群落生产力。该研究为将来更好地维护草地生产力, 保护优质牧草提供理论依据。

关键词: 少花蒺藜草, 干旱, 草地生产力, 羊草群落, 植物入侵

Abstract:

Aims The Leymus chinensis community is one of the most precious natural wealth in China’s grassland resources. However, its productivity is constrained by a variety of global change factors. Although, the invasion of Cenchrus spinifex (hereafter as “invasion”) and drought are two of most important global change factors that significantly affected the productivity of L. chinensis community in the northeast Songnen grassland area, the relevant mechanisms have still not received sufficient attention.

Methods Through the microcosmic control experiments and a complete interaction design with two factors, we explored the mechanism of invasion and drought on the productivity of the L. chinensis community. Factor one was the invasion treatment (invasion vs control), factor two was the water treatment (drought vs normal water), and a total of 10 replications were set up under each treatment, with a total of 40 pots in the experiment.

Important findings The results showed that invasion and drought significantly reduced the aboveground biomass of the L. chinensis community and the dominant species L. chinensis. Soil available nitrogen content and soil arthropod richness significantly decreased under drought treatment, while soil bacterial abundance and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) of the family Glomeraceae increased significantly. The effect of invasion on the effective number of species of soil fungi is moderated by drought, showed that invasion did not affect the effective number of species of soil fungi under normal water conditions, but significantly increased the effective number of species of soil fungi under drought conditions. The results of the structural equation modeling indicated that invasion and drought directly suppressed the L. chinensis community productivity. Drought has indirectly mitigate negative effect on native community productivity by increasing the abundance of dominant soil fungi. In addition, the interaction of invasion and drought suppressed native community productivity by increasing soil fungal community diversity. This study provides a theoretical basis for better protection of grassland productivity and conservation of high-quality forage in the future.

Key words: Cenchrus spinifex, drought, grassland productivity, Leymus chinensis community, plant invasion

白皓然, 侯盟, 刘艳杰. 少花蒺藜草入侵与干旱对羊草群落生产力的影响机制. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(5): 577-589. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0374

BAI Hao-Ran, HOU Meng, LIU Yan-Jie. Mechanisms of the invasion of Cenchrus spinifex and drought effects on productivity of Leymus chinensis community. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(5): 577-589. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0374

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0374

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I5/577

图/表 10

图1 少花蒺藜草入侵实验设计示意图。实验采用双因素设计: 入侵处理每盆移栽9株少花蒺藜草到本地群落, 对照处理不移栽; 水分处理设置两个水分水平(正常水分&干旱), 干旱保持土壤含水量8%-15%, 正常水分保持土壤含水量30%-40%。

Fig. 1 Experimental design chart of the invasion of Cenchrus spinifex. Two-factor design was used in this experiment, the invasive treatment transplanted nine Cenchrus spinifex plants per pot to the native community and the control treatment did not transplant. We set up two levels of water treatment (normal water & drought), drought to maintain soil moisture content 8%-15%, normal water to maintain soil moisture content 30%-40%.

表1 入侵和水分处理及其交互作用对羊草群落地上生物量、羊草地上生物量、本地群落物种丰富度和有效物种数的影响

Table 1 Effects of invasion and water treatments and their interactions on aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis community, aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis, species richness and effective number of species

固定因子 Fixed factor	df	本地群落地上生物量 Aboveground biomass of native community (g)		羊草地上生物量 Aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis (g)		物种丰富度 Species richness		有效物种数 Effective number of species
固定因子 Fixed factor	df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
入侵 Invasion (I)	1	16.220	0.000	9.508	0.004	0.239	0.628	2.678	0.111
水分 Water (W)	1	16.220	0.000	9.508	0.004	0.239	0.628	2.678	0.111
I × W	1	0.063	0.803	0.027	0.872	2.152	0.151	0.050	0.824

图2 入侵(I)和水分(W)对羊草群落的影响(平均值±标准误)。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 2 Effects of invasion (I) and water (W) on Leymus chinensis community (mean ± SE). *, p < 0.05.

表2 入侵和水分处理及其交互作用对细菌和真菌的绝对丰度、丰富度、有效物种数的影响

Table 2 Effects of invasion and water treatments and their interactions on absolute abundance, richness, effective number of species of bacteria and fungi

固定因子 Fixed factor	df	细菌 Bacteria						真菌 Fungi
		绝对丰度 Absolute abundance		丰富度 Richness		有效物种数 Effective number of species		绝对丰度 Absolute abundance		丰富度 Richness		有效物种数 Effective number of species
				F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
入侵 Invasion (I)	1	2.204	0.157	0.894	0.359	0.384	0.544	1.089	0.312	0.688	0.419	3.364	0.085
水分 Water (W)	1	7.017	0.018	0.002	0.967	1.357	0.261	1.334	0.265	0.016	0.899	0.062	0.806
I × W	1	0.014	0.907	0.013	0.910	0.077	0.784	0.034	0.857	0.318	0.581	5.624	0.031

图3 入侵(I)和水分(W)对微生物群落的影响(平均值±标准误)。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 3 Effects of invasion (I) and water (W) on microbial community (mean ± SE). *, p < 0.05.

表3 入侵和水分处理及其交互作用对土壤优势菌群丰度的影响

Table 3 Effects of invasion and water treatments and their interactions on relative abundance of soil dominant microorganisms

固定因子 Fixed factor	df	细菌 Bacteria		真菌 Fungi		植物病原菌 Plant pathogen				丛枝菌根真菌 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
		亚硝化球菌科Nitrososphaeraceae		毛霉菌科Trichomeriaceae		丛赤壳科 Nectriaceae		串珠镰孢菌属 Gibberella		球囊霉科 Glomeraceae		多氏囊霉属Dominikia
				F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
入侵 Invasion (I)	1	0.249	0.625	1.501	0.238	0.822	0.378	0.766	0.394	0.107	0.747	0.167	0.688
水分 Water (W)	1	0.604	0.448	0.074	0.789	0.795	0.386	0.626	0.441	5.136	0.038	0.427	0.523
I × W	1	0.464	0.506	2.602	0.126	1.667	0.215	1.805	0.198	0.115	0.739	0.192	0.667

图4 入侵和水分(W)对微生物群落优势菌的影响(平均值±标准误)。A, 亚硝化球菌科。B, 毛霉菌科。C, 丛赤壳科。D, 串珠镰孢菌属。E, 球囊霉科。F, 多氏囊霉属。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 4 Effects of invasion and water (W) on dominant microorganisms in microbial communities (mean ± SE). A, Nitrososphaeraceae. B, Trichomeriaceae. C, Nectriaceae. D, Gibberella. E, Glomeraceae. F, Dominikia. *, p < 0.05.

表4 入侵和水分处理及其交互作用对土壤节肢动物群落丰富度、土壤节肢动物群落有效物种数、土壤线虫丰富度、土壤线虫有效物种数的影响

Table 4 Effects of invasion and water treatments and their interactions on soil arthropod richness, soil arthropod effective number of species, soil nematode richness and soil nematode effective number of species

固定因子 Fixed factor	df	土壤节肢动物群落 Soil arthropod				土壤线虫 Soil nematode
		丰富度 Richness		有效物种数 Effective number of species		丰富度 Richness		有效物种数 Effective number of species
				F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
入侵 Invasion (I)	1	0.250	0.599	0.032	0.851	1.237	0.228	0.709	0.389
水分 Water (W)	1	15.442	0.000	0.146	0.690	0.811	0.326	1.995	0.155
I × W	1	0.046	0.821	0.702	0.379	0.409	0.477	2.748	0.075

图5 入侵和水分(W)对土壤动物群落的影响(平均值±标准误)。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 5 Effects of invasion and water (W) on soil fauna community (mean ± SE). *, p < 0.05.

图6 入侵与水分及其相互作用对细菌绝对丰度、真菌有效物种数、丛枝菌根真菌优势菌球囊霉科菌、土壤节肢动物群落丰富度、土壤有效氮含量和群落生产力影响的结构方程模型。在图中, 箭头表示路径, 在正方形(■)处连接到路径的线表示交互作用; 沿着路径的数字是标准化系数。对于模型, Satorra-Bentler校正χ² = 13.535, p = 0.561, 说明模型中不存在缺失路径。比较拟合指数(CFI)在对假设模型和独立模型比较时取得, 其值在0-1之间, 愈接近0表示拟合愈差, 愈接近1表示拟合愈好。近似误差均方根(RMSEA)是评价模型不拟合的指数, 如果接近0表示拟合良好, 相反, 离0愈远表示拟合愈差。标准化均方根残差值(SRMR), SRMR愈小, 表示模型拟合度愈高。SRMR = 0表示完美拟合, SRMR < 0.05一般为良好的拟合标准, SRMR < 0.08一般为可接受的拟合标准。

Fig. 6 Structural equation modeling of the invasion and water and their interactions on absolute bacterial abundance, effective number of species (ENS) of fungi, Glomeraceae, soil arthropod richness, soil available nitrogen content (AN) and native community productivity. In the diagram, arrows indicate paths, lines connect to the paths at the squares (■) indicate interactions; numbers along the paths are standardized coefficients. For the model, Satorra-Bentler corrected χ² = 13.535, p = 0.561, indicating there were no missing paths in the model. Comparative fit index (CFI) is obtained when comparing the hypothetical model and the independent model, and its value is between 0 and 1, closer to 0 means worse fit, and closer to 1 means better fit. Root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) is the index that evaluates the model to not fit, if it is close to 0, the fit is good, conversely, the further from 0, the worse the fit. Standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), SRMR = 0 means a perfect fit, SRMR < 0.05 indicates a good fit, SRMR < 0.08 represents an acceptable fit.

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少花蒺藜草入侵与干旱对羊草群落生产力的影响机制

Mechanisms of the invasion of Cenchrus spinifex and drought effects on productivity of Leymus chinensis community

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