氮添加背景下土壤真菌和细菌对不同种源入侵植物乌桕生长特征的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0120

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解氮添加背景下土壤真菌和细菌对不同种源入侵植物生长的影响, 该实验以本地和入侵地种源不同种群乌桕(Triadica sebifera)为研究对象, 通过氮添加处理, 施用细菌抑制剂(链霉素)和真菌抑制剂(扑海因)调控土壤细菌、真菌活性, 探究土壤细菌和真菌对不同种源乌桕生长的影响, 以揭示乌桕成功入侵机制, 为有效预测和管理入侵植物提供理论依据。结果表明: 1)入侵地种源乌桕在株高、叶片数和生物量方面均显著高于本地种源, 入侵地种源乌桕相较于本地种源具有显著生长优势。2)添加细菌和真菌抑制剂显著降低了乌桕地上生物量, 且乌桕生长对土壤细菌的依赖性更强。3)氮添加及其与土壤细菌和真菌的交互作用对于乌桕生长和资源分配有显著影响, 增强了乌桕对资源的竞争优势, 可能是影响乌桕入侵成功的重要因素。

关键词: 氮添加, 细菌, 真菌, 植物入侵

Abstract:

Aims Exotic plants invasions impact both function and stability of ecosystems. Compared with native plants, invasive plants are generally characterized by stronger stress resistance and resource utilization abilities. Nitrogen deposition, as an important issue of global change, can directly increase soil nitrogen availability and promote plant invasions. Soil microorganisms, including both fungi and bacteria, play an important role in regulating soil nutrient availability and nutrient uptake, both of which are highly associated with successful invasion of plants. However, the effects of soil fungi and bacteria on the growth of invasive plants from different origins under nitrogen deposition background remain unclear.

Methods To understand the effects of soil fungi and bacteria on the growth of invasive plants from different provenances with nitrogen addition, both original and invasive Triadica sebifera were chosen as model plant populations. Soil bacterial inhibitor (streptomycin) and fungal inhibitor (iprodione) were applied to regulate the activity of soil bacteria and fungi communities. Nitrogen deposition was simulated by nitrogen addition treatment to understand the growth response of T. sebifera with different population origins as affected by different soil microbial communities under the context of nitrogen deposition.

Important findings The results showed that, invasive provenance of T. sebifera presented substantial growth advantage in terms of plant height, leaf number and biomass compare with that of native provenance. Soil bacterial and fungal inhibitor applications significantly reduced aboveground biomass of T. sebifera. Moreover, the growth of T. sebifera is more dependent on soil bacteria. Nitrogen addition and its interaction with soil bacteria and fungi significantly affected both the growth and resource allocation of T. sebifera, which could have enhanced the competitive ability of T. sebifera for resources during range invasion process, and should be focused in future studies.

Key words: nitrogen addition, bacteria, fungi, plant invasion

罗来聪, 赖晓琴, 白健, 李爱新, 方海富, Nasir SHAD, 唐明, 胡冬南, 张令. 氮添加背景下土壤真菌和细菌对不同种源入侵植物乌桕生长特征的影响. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(2): 206-215. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0120

LUO Lai-Cong, LAI Xiao-Qin, BAI Jian, LI Ai-Xin, FANG Hai-Fu, Nasir SHAD, TANG Ming, HU Dong-Nan, ZHANG Ling. Effects of soil bacteria and fungi on growth of invasive plant Triadica sebifera with different provenances under nitrogen addition. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(2): 206-215. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0120

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0120

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I2/206

图/表 10

参考文献 36

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种源 Origin	种群 Population	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
中国 China	江西 Jiangxi	117.12° E	28.45° N
	江苏 Jiangsu	118.37° E	31.23° N
	浙江 Zhejiang	118.20° E	27.12° N
	广西 Guangxi	110.45° E	24.80° N
美国 USA	Georgia	81.01° W	32.01° N
	Texas	95.03° W	29.78° N
	Louisiana	93.15° W	30.23° N
	Florida	82.22° W	29.35° N

种源 Origin	种群 Population	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude
中国 China	江西 Jiangxi	117.12° E	28.45° N
	江苏 Jiangsu	118.37° E	31.23° N
	浙江 Zhejiang	118.20° E	27.12° N
	广西 Guangxi	110.45° E	24.80° N
美国 USA	Georgia	81.01° W	32.01° N
	Texas	95.03° W	29.78° N
	Louisiana	93.15° W	30.23° N
	Florida	82.22° W	29.35° N

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	株高 Plant height		叶片数 Leaf number		叶面积 Leaf area		比叶面积 Specific leaf area		叶面积比 Leaf area ratio
处理 Treatment	自由度 df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
O	1	20.87	<0.000 1	7.55	<0.000 1	11.29	<0.000 1	16.20	<0.000 1	25.67	<0.000 1
P	6	15.54	<0.000 1	3.07	<0.000 1	2.66	0.016 9	2.24	0.041 3	4.11	<0.000 1
N	1	0.73	0.384 8	3.94	0.048 6	1.22	0.270 5	3.65	0.057 6	0.31	0.577 2
B	1	3.02	0.084 0	0.00	0.995 6	0.84	0.360 1	0.03	0.871 6	0.00	0.991 9
F	1	0.00	0.974 1	0.49	0.483 5	0.55	0.460 4	0.05	0.828 1	0.94	0.332 9
O × N	1	0.78	0.379 1	0.01	0.942 8	0.65	0.422 6	0.97	0.325 1	0.67	0.413 5
O × B	1	0.99	0.320 8	0.09	0.761 4	0.16	0.686 1	0.43	0.510 5	0.26	0.609 7
O × F	1	0.09	0.763 5	0.09	0.769 8	0.07	0.788 3	1.10	0.295 4	0.08	0.772 3
N × B	1	0.09	0.765 8	0.01	0.916 5	3.13	0.078 7	0.21	0.648 3	0.76	0.383 8
N × F	1	0.12	0.727 2	0.28	0.600 0	0.28	0.595 1	0.04	0.843 3	0.04	0.839 6
B × F	1	1.03	0.310 7	2.15	0.144 6	0.54	0.464 2	2.86	0.092 7	1.17	0.280 6
O × N × B	1	1.66	0.198 9	0.40	0.525 7	0.87	0.351 5	0.01	0.942 8	0.30	0.587 0
O × N × F	1	0.19	0.666 0	0.06	0.803 8	0.12	0.726 3	0.00	0.951 0	0.15	0.703 6
O × B × F	1	0.63	0.428 1	2.15	0.144 6	0.08	0.784 4	1.40	0.237 9	1.03	0.311 1
N × B × F	1	2.92	0.089 0	0.43	0.511 4	0.02	0.890 3	2.78	0.097 4	3.15	0.077 7
O × N × B × F	1	0.39	0.534 1	0.32	0.569 7	0.01	0.907 2	0.29	0.589 5	0.53	0.467 8

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	株高 Plant height		叶片数 Leaf number		叶面积 Leaf area		比叶面积 Specific leaf area		叶面积比 Leaf area ratio
处理 Treatment	自由度 df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
O	1	20.87	<0.000 1	7.55	<0.000 1	11.29	<0.000 1	16.20	<0.000 1	25.67	<0.000 1
P	6	15.54	<0.000 1	3.07	<0.000 1	2.66	0.016 9	2.24	0.041 3	4.11	<0.000 1
N	1	0.73	0.384 8	3.94	0.048 6	1.22	0.270 5	3.65	0.057 6	0.31	0.577 2
B	1	3.02	0.084 0	0.00	0.995 6	0.84	0.360 1	0.03	0.871 6	0.00	0.991 9
F	1	0.00	0.974 1	0.49	0.483 5	0.55	0.460 4	0.05	0.828 1	0.94	0.332 9
O × N	1	0.78	0.379 1	0.01	0.942 8	0.65	0.422 6	0.97	0.325 1	0.67	0.413 5
O × B	1	0.99	0.320 8	0.09	0.761 4	0.16	0.686 1	0.43	0.510 5	0.26	0.609 7
O × F	1	0.09	0.763 5	0.09	0.769 8	0.07	0.788 3	1.10	0.295 4	0.08	0.772 3
N × B	1	0.09	0.765 8	0.01	0.916 5	3.13	0.078 7	0.21	0.648 3	0.76	0.383 8
N × F	1	0.12	0.727 2	0.28	0.600 0	0.28	0.595 1	0.04	0.843 3	0.04	0.839 6
B × F	1	1.03	0.310 7	2.15	0.144 6	0.54	0.464 2	2.86	0.092 7	1.17	0.280 6
O × N × B	1	1.66	0.198 9	0.40	0.525 7	0.87	0.351 5	0.01	0.942 8	0.30	0.587 0
O × N × F	1	0.19	0.666 0	0.06	0.803 8	0.12	0.726 3	0.00	0.951 0	0.15	0.703 6
O × B × F	1	0.63	0.428 1	2.15	0.144 6	0.08	0.784 4	1.40	0.237 9	1.03	0.311 1
N × B × F	1	2.92	0.089 0	0.43	0.511 4	0.02	0.890 3	2.78	0.097 4	3.15	0.077 7
O × N × B × F	1	0.39	0.534 1	0.32	0.569 7	0.01	0.907 2	0.29	0.589 5	0.53	0.467 8

处理 Treatment	自由度 df	叶生物量 Leaf biomass		茎生物量 Stem biomass		根生物量 Root biomass		地上生物量 Aboveground biomass		总生物量 Total biomass		根冠比 Root shoot ratio
处理 Treatment	自由度 df	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
O	1	5.31	0.022 3	17.09	<0.000 1	17.70	<0.000 1	13.80	<0.000 1	17.25	<0.000 1	1.37	0.244 0
P	6	7.61	<0.000 1	15.32	<0.000 1	10.33	<0.000 1	13.61	<0.000 1	12.38	<0.000 1	9.08	<0.000 1
N	1	8.21	0.004 6	0.69	0.406 6	13.40	0.000 3	2.77	0.097 6	0.49	0.486 5	57.08	<0.000 1
B	1	1.49	0.224 5	3.02	0.084 0	1.38	0.242 0	2.74	0.099 3	2.34	0.128 2	0.08	0.783 4
F	1	1.95	0.164 5	0.10	0.757 7	0.51	0.475 6	0.10	0.748 4	0.02	0.890 0	1.41	0.236 1
O × N	1	0.40	0.530 3	1.03	0.310 9	1.41	0.236 0	0.88	0.350 1	0.00	0.992 5	4.97	0.027 0
O × B	1	0.71	0.400 2	0.68	0.410 6	4.81	0.029 5	0.79	0.375 9	2.37	0.125 2	3.71	0.055 7
O × F	1	0.98	0.323 5	0.01	0.939 1	0.00	0.985 0	0.19	0.667 2	0.07	0.791 2	0.77	0.381 2
N × B	1	0.07	0.785 6	0.40	0.526 3	0.16	0.685 9	0.11	0.740 9	0.15	0.701 3	0.12	0.728 7
N × F	1	0.09	0.762 3	1.66	0.198 8	0.53	0.467 2	1.00	0.318 7	0.87	0.352 8	0.25	0.616 8
B × F	1	6.52	0.011 5	2.37	0.125 2	1.23	0.269 0	4.13	0.043 7	2.96	0.086 9	0.57	0.452 3
O × N × B	1	0.00	0.994 6	0.49	0.486 5	1.49	0.223 5	0.23	0.631 4	0.72	0.396 6	1.90	0.169 7
O × N × F	1	0.32	0.569 5	1.04	0.310 3	2.99	0.085 6	0.84	0.361 3	1.80	0.181 2	0.99	0.321 1
O × B × F	1	0.31	0.577 3	1.19	0.276 0	1.63	0.202 9	0.93	0.337 1	1.35	0.246 5	0.02	0.901 3
N × B × F	1	0.18	0.670 6	1.67	0.198 3	4.45	0.036 2	1.10	0.296 1	2.55	0.111 8	0.61	0.434 3
O × N × B × F	1	0.09	0.760 2	0.57	0.452 7	1.47	0.227 3	0.16	0.690 2	0.63	0.426 7	1.13	0.288 2