A review on the effects of invasive plants on mycorrhizal fungi of native plants and their underlying mechanisms

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0166

Abstract

Abstract:

Mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis is an important strategy for plant to uptake soil nutrients. Alien plants could thwart the symbiotic relationship between native plants and mycorrhizal fungus, and thus suppress the growth of native plants, which is an important mechanism for alien plant invasion, and has been increasingly emphasized in recent studies. In the present review, we summarized several key aspects of such mycorrhizal-related mechanism of plant invasion: 1) the impacts of alien plants on mycorrhizal fungi of native plants (i.e. mycorrhizal colonization rate, internal structures of mycorrhizal hyphae, amount of external hyphae, mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal composition, and mycorrhizal network); 2) mechanisms of alien-plant impacts on mycorrhizal fungi of native plants, including ecological mechanisms such as resource competition, allelopathy and edaphic fertility, as well as their molecular mechanisms; 3) variations of the above mentioned alien-plant impacts and related mechanisms at different durations of plant invasion. Despite thwarting mycorrhizal fungi of native plants is an important mechanism for alien plant invasion, researches on such mechanism are still scarce comparing to other mechanisms such as natural enemy release and new weapon hypothesis. Therefore, we proposal several research areas that need to be focused on in future studies: 1) how do global changes affect the alien-plant-invasion impacts on mycorrhizal fungi of native plants; 2) what are the relationships among different mechanisms including the mycorrhizal-related mechanism; 3) how does the mycorrhizae-related mechanism change at large spatio-temporal scales.

Key words: invasive plant, native plant, mycorrhizal fungi, mechanism, plant-soil feedback

TANG Jin-Qi, GUO Xiao-Cheng, LU Xin-Yu, LIU Ming-Chao, ZHANG Hai-Yan, FENG Yu-Long, KONG De-Liang. A review on the effects of invasive plants on mycorrhizal fungi of native plants and their underlying mechanisms[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(11): 1095-1112.

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References 144

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生态机制 Mechanism of ecology	举例 Example	参考文献 Reference
物种竞争 Species competition	与农作物(如高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、玉米(Zea mays))相比, 入侵植物Parthenium hysterophorus具有快速早期生长的能力。 Compared with crops (such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays), the invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus can grow much more rapidly in their early stage.	Bajwa et al., 2016
	比较夏威夷19对入侵植物和本地植物的资源利用效率, 发现入侵植物具有较高的碳同化率、光利用效率、瞬时氮利用效率和瞬时能量利用效率。 Comparing the resource utilization efficiency for 19 paired invasive-native plants in Hawaii, invasive plants are observed to have higher carbon assimilation rate, light use efficiency, instantaneous nitrogen and energy use efficiency.	Funk & Vitousek, 2007
	比较47对入侵植物和非入侵植物对草食性动物的抵抗能力及养分含量发现, 入侵植物拥有更高的叶氮含量, 受到食草动物的损伤较小。 Comparisons among 47 paired invasive and non-invasive plants for leaf herbivore-resistance and nutrient content show that invasive plants have higher leaf nitrogen content and less damage by herbivores.	Huang et al., 2020
	比对125种入侵植物和196种非入侵植物的生理性状发现, 入侵植物在生长率、养分分配及抗逆性更有优势。 Comparing physiological traits of 125 invasive with plants 196 non-invasive plants show that invasive plants have more advantages in growth rate, nutrient allocation and stress resistance.	van Kleunen et al., 2010
	外来植物Solanum carolinense具有较强的抗寒能力和无性繁殖能力。 Exotic plant, Solanum carolinense, has strong ability for cold resistance and asexual reproduction.	Wei et al., 2020
	气候变暖及氮沉降的增加可以增强入侵植物Solidago canadensis叶片的资源获取能力。 Climate warming and increased nitrogen deposition can enhance leaf resource acquisition of an invasive plant, Solidago canadensis.	Zhou et al., 2019
化感物质 Allelochemical	入侵植物白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)的渗滤液抑制本地植物Andropogon gerardii和Schizachyrium scoparium发芽及生长。 The leachate of an invasive plant, Bothriochloa ischaemum, inhibits germination and growth of the native plants, Andropogon gerardii and Schizachyrium scoparium.	Greer et al., 2014
	入侵植物水烛(Typha angustifolia)根系分泌的酚类物质抑制了本地植物Bolboschoenus fluviatilis的生长发育。 Phenolic compounds secreted by roots of an invasive plant, Typha angustifolia, inhibit growth and development of a native plant, Bolboschoenus fluviatilis.	Jarchow & Cook, 2009
	Solidago canadensis入侵分泌的化感物质抑制了本地植物莴苣(Lactuca sativa)种子萌发和幼苗生长。 Allelochemicals secreted by the invasion of Solidago canadensis inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of a native plant, Lactuca sativa.	Hu et al., 2020
	外来植物Solanum carolinense含有龙葵碱及草酸盐结晶。 The exotic plant Solanum carolinense contains solanine and oxalate crystals.	Wei et al., 2020
	Parthenium hysterophorus可以分泌帕台单宁、咖啡酸、香草酸等化感物质帮助自身入侵。 Parthenium hysterophorus can secrete parthenin, caffeic acid, vanillic acid and other allelochemicals to facilitate its invasion.	Shi & Adkins, 2018
土壤养分变化 Soil nutrient variation	氮沉降会增强S. canadensis入侵初期分泌的化感物质对本地植物莴苣种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制程度。 Nitrogen deposition can enhance the inhibition of the allelochemicals secreted by S. canadensis at its initial invasive stage on seed germination and seedling growth of a native plant, Lactuca sativa.	Hu et al., 2020
	分析94篇文章发现, 入侵植物增大了植物、土壤和土壤微生物中的碳和氮库大小。 Analysis of 94 published papers show that invasive plants increase the size of carbon and nitrogen pools in plants, soils and soil microorganisms.	Liao et al., 2008
	与本地植物Artemisia californica、Salvia mellifera、Salvia apiana、锦鸡儿(Calochortus splendens)和Dichelostemma capitatum相比, 外来植物Centaurea stoebe、Hirschfeldia incana和Bromus madritensis可以通过加快凋落物分解改善土壤养分。 Compared with native plants such as Artemisia californica, Salvia mellifera, Salvia apiana, Calochortus splendens and Dichelostemma capitatum, exotic plants, like Centaurea stoebe, Hirschfeldia incana and Bromus madritensis, can increase soil nutrient level by increasing litter decomposition.	Pérez Castro et al., 2019
	入侵植物Mikania micrantha分泌的化感物质绿原酸和β-石竹烯加快了土壤有机氮的矿化过程。 Allelochemicals secreted by the invasive plant, Mikania micrantha, such as chlorogenic acid and β-caryophyllene accelerate mineralization of soil organic nitrogen.	Yu et al., 2020
	入侵植物通过凋落物改变了根际微生物土壤群落和养分循环, 形成植物-土壤正反馈调节。 Invasive plants can form a positive plant-soil feedback via its litter decomposition which could change rhizosphere soil microbial communities and nutrient cycling.	Zhang et al., 2018c
	杂草Conyza canadensis入侵的土壤中有效氮和有机质含量增加。 The content of available nitrogen and organic matter increases in the soil invaded by Conyza canadensis.	Zhang et al., 2020
	与非入侵地土壤相比, Eupatorium catarium入侵后土壤氮含量提高4.32 mg·kg^-1。 Compared with non-invasive soils, soil nitrogen content increases by 4.32 mg·kg^-1 after invasion by Eupatorium catarium.	Zhao et al., 2019
	Ambrosia trifida在入侵地的土壤-植物反馈高于原产地。 Ambrosia trifida has a greater plant-soil feedback in invaded ranges than that in its native ranges.	Zhao et al., 2020

生态机制 Mechanism of ecology	举例 Example	参考文献 Reference
物种竞争 Species competition	与农作物(如高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、玉米(Zea mays))相比, 入侵植物Parthenium hysterophorus具有快速早期生长的能力。 Compared with crops (such as Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays), the invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus can grow much more rapidly in their early stage.	Bajwa et al., 2016
	比较夏威夷19对入侵植物和本地植物的资源利用效率, 发现入侵植物具有较高的碳同化率、光利用效率、瞬时氮利用效率和瞬时能量利用效率。 Comparing the resource utilization efficiency for 19 paired invasive-native plants in Hawaii, invasive plants are observed to have higher carbon assimilation rate, light use efficiency, instantaneous nitrogen and energy use efficiency.	Funk & Vitousek, 2007
	比较47对入侵植物和非入侵植物对草食性动物的抵抗能力及养分含量发现, 入侵植物拥有更高的叶氮含量, 受到食草动物的损伤较小。 Comparisons among 47 paired invasive and non-invasive plants for leaf herbivore-resistance and nutrient content show that invasive plants have higher leaf nitrogen content and less damage by herbivores.	Huang et al., 2020
	比对125种入侵植物和196种非入侵植物的生理性状发现, 入侵植物在生长率、养分分配及抗逆性更有优势。 Comparing physiological traits of 125 invasive with plants 196 non-invasive plants show that invasive plants have more advantages in growth rate, nutrient allocation and stress resistance.	van Kleunen et al., 2010
	外来植物Solanum carolinense具有较强的抗寒能力和无性繁殖能力。 Exotic plant, Solanum carolinense, has strong ability for cold resistance and asexual reproduction.	Wei et al., 2020
	气候变暖及氮沉降的增加可以增强入侵植物Solidago canadensis叶片的资源获取能力。 Climate warming and increased nitrogen deposition can enhance leaf resource acquisition of an invasive plant, Solidago canadensis.	Zhou et al., 2019
化感物质 Allelochemical	入侵植物白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)的渗滤液抑制本地植物Andropogon gerardii和Schizachyrium scoparium发芽及生长。 The leachate of an invasive plant, Bothriochloa ischaemum, inhibits germination and growth of the native plants, Andropogon gerardii and Schizachyrium scoparium.	Greer et al., 2014
	入侵植物水烛(Typha angustifolia)根系分泌的酚类物质抑制了本地植物Bolboschoenus fluviatilis的生长发育。 Phenolic compounds secreted by roots of an invasive plant, Typha angustifolia, inhibit growth and development of a native plant, Bolboschoenus fluviatilis.	Jarchow & Cook, 2009
	Solidago canadensis入侵分泌的化感物质抑制了本地植物莴苣(Lactuca sativa)种子萌发和幼苗生长。 Allelochemicals secreted by the invasion of Solidago canadensis inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of a native plant, Lactuca sativa.	Hu et al., 2020
	外来植物Solanum carolinense含有龙葵碱及草酸盐结晶。 The exotic plant Solanum carolinense contains solanine and oxalate crystals.	Wei et al., 2020
	Parthenium hysterophorus可以分泌帕台单宁、咖啡酸、香草酸等化感物质帮助自身入侵。 Parthenium hysterophorus can secrete parthenin, caffeic acid, vanillic acid and other allelochemicals to facilitate its invasion.	Shi & Adkins, 2018
土壤养分变化 Soil nutrient variation	氮沉降会增强S. canadensis入侵初期分泌的化感物质对本地植物莴苣种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制程度。 Nitrogen deposition can enhance the inhibition of the allelochemicals secreted by S. canadensis at its initial invasive stage on seed germination and seedling growth of a native plant, Lactuca sativa.	Hu et al., 2020
	分析94篇文章发现, 入侵植物增大了植物、土壤和土壤微生物中的碳和氮库大小。 Analysis of 94 published papers show that invasive plants increase the size of carbon and nitrogen pools in plants, soils and soil microorganisms.	Liao et al., 2008
	与本地植物Artemisia californica、Salvia mellifera、Salvia apiana、锦鸡儿(Calochortus splendens)和Dichelostemma capitatum相比, 外来植物Centaurea stoebe、Hirschfeldia incana和Bromus madritensis可以通过加快凋落物分解改善土壤养分。 Compared with native plants such as Artemisia californica, Salvia mellifera, Salvia apiana, Calochortus splendens and Dichelostemma capitatum, exotic plants, like Centaurea stoebe, Hirschfeldia incana and Bromus madritensis, can increase soil nutrient level by increasing litter decomposition.	Pérez Castro et al., 2019
	入侵植物Mikania micrantha分泌的化感物质绿原酸和β-石竹烯加快了土壤有机氮的矿化过程。 Allelochemicals secreted by the invasive plant, Mikania micrantha, such as chlorogenic acid and β-caryophyllene accelerate mineralization of soil organic nitrogen.	Yu et al., 2020
	入侵植物通过凋落物改变了根际微生物土壤群落和养分循环, 形成植物-土壤正反馈调节。 Invasive plants can form a positive plant-soil feedback via its litter decomposition which could change rhizosphere soil microbial communities and nutrient cycling.	Zhang et al., 2018c
	杂草Conyza canadensis入侵的土壤中有效氮和有机质含量增加。 The content of available nitrogen and organic matter increases in the soil invaded by Conyza canadensis.	Zhang et al., 2020
	与非入侵地土壤相比, Eupatorium catarium入侵后土壤氮含量提高4.32 mg·kg^-1。 Compared with non-invasive soils, soil nitrogen content increases by 4.32 mg·kg^-1 after invasion by Eupatorium catarium.	Zhao et al., 2019
	Ambrosia trifida在入侵地的土壤-植物反馈高于原产地。 Ambrosia trifida has a greater plant-soil feedback in invaded ranges than that in its native ranges.	Zhao et al., 2020