Research progress and prospect of signal transfer among plants mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal networks

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0143

Abstract

Abstract:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a group of soil-dwelling fungi that can form symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plants. The extraradical mycelium can colonize different plant roots in addition to hyphal fusion, thus form extensive arbuscular mycorrhizal networks (AMNs) underground. AMNs can transport and recycle water and nutrients including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus among plants, recent evidences show that AMNs can also transfer defensive signals to neighboring plants when plants suffer environmental stresses, thus providing early warning to surrounding neighbors. However, the research on AMNs-mediated signal transfer is still in its infancy. Here, we firstly reviewed current research progresses in this research area, then proposed the unanswered questions that worth exploration in the future, including the possible pathways and mechanisms of signal transfer via AMNs among plants, the possible regulation of mycorrhizal symbionts by AMNs-mediated signal transfer, and the common techniques and their development used in the study of AMNs. Finally, we discussed about the possible ecological applications of AMNs such as filed crop protection.

Key words: environmental stress, defensive response, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal networks, signal transfer

XIE Wei, HAO Zhi-Peng, ZHANG Xin, CHEN Bao-Dong. Research progress and prospect of signal transfer among plants mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal networks[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(5): 493-515.

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References 140

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供体植株 Donor plant	受体植株 Receiver plant	菌根真菌种类 Mycorrhizal fungal species	环境胁迫种类 Environmental stress	受体植株防御响应参数 Defense-related parameters of receiver plant	参考文献 Reference
番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	摩西斗管囊霉 Funneliformis mosseae	茄链格孢菌接种 Alternaria solani inoculation	防御相关基因: PR1、PR2、PR3、PAL、LOX、AOC; 防御相关酶: POD、PPO、PAL、LOX、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶 Defense-related genes: PR1, PR2, PR3, PAL, LOX, AOC; Defense-related enzymes: POD, PPO, PAL, LOX, Chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase	Song et al., 2010; Xie et al., 2012
蚕豆 Vicia faba	蚕豆 Vicia faba	根内根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus intraradices	豌豆蚜取食 Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding	对蚜虫的排斥及对蚜虫天敌寄生蜂的吸引; 挥发性有机物 Repellent to aphids but attractive to aphid enemies such as parasitoids; VOCs	Babikova et al., 2013a
番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	摩西斗管囊霉 Funneliformis mosseae	斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食 Spodoptera litura larva feeding	防御相关基因: LOX、AOC、PI-I、PI-II; 防御相关酶: LOX、PPO、SOD、POD Defense-related genes: LOX, AOC, PI-I, PI-II; Defense-related enzymes: LOX, PPO, SOD, POD	Song et al., 2014; Lin et al., 2018
烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	摩西斗管囊霉 Funneliformis mosseae	青枯菌接种 Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation	防御相关酶: PAL、PPO、POD Defense-related enzymes: PAL, PPO, POD	Guo et al., 2015
蚕豆 Vicia faba	蚕豆 Vicia faba	异形根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus irregularis	黑豆蚜取食 Aphis fabae feeding	防御相关基因: PR1; 根外菌丝际初生代谢物 Defense-related genes: PR1; Primary metabolites in the hyphosphere	Cabral et al., 2018
蚕豆 Vicia faba	蚕豆 Vicia faba	异形根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus irregularis	蚕豆葡萄孢菌接种 Botrytis fabae inoculation	防御相关基因: PR1、PR2、PR5; 根外菌丝际初生代谢物 Defense-related genes: PR1, PR2, PR5; Primary metabolites in the hyphosphere	Cabral et al., 2019
枳 Poncirus trifoliata	枳 Poncirus trifoliata	隐类球囊霉 Paraglomus occultum	地毯草黄单胞菌接种 Xanthomonas axonopodis inoculation	防御相关基因: PAL、EPS1、PBS3、PR1、PR4、PR5、NPR1; 防御相关酶: PAL; 代谢物: SA; 总可溶性酚; 木质素 Defense-related genes: PAL, EPS1, PBS3, PR1, PR4, PR5, NPR1; Defense-related enzymes: PAL; metabolites: SA; total soluble phenol; lignin	Zhang et al., 2019
番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	摩西斗管囊霉 Funneliformis mosseae	人工落叶 Manual defoliation	防御相关基因: PAL、PR2; 防御相关酶: PAL、SOD、POD、PPO Defense-related genes: PAL, PR2; Defense-related enzymes: PAL, SOD, POD, PPO	Lian et al., 2019
Nicotiana attenuate	Nicotiana attenuate	异形根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus irregularis	烟草天蛾幼虫口腔分泌物接种 Oral secretions of Manduca sexta larvae inoculation	叶片初生及次生代谢产物 Leaf primary and secondary metabolites	Song et al., 2019
马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	异形根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus irregularis	致病疫霉接种 Phytophthora infestans inoculation	防御相关基因: PAL、PR-1b、ERF3、LOX Defense-related genes: PAL, PR-1b, ERF3, LOX	Alaux et al., 2020
黑麦草 Lolium perenne	白车轴草 Trifolium repens	根内根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus intraradices	针刺模拟蚜虫取食 Acupuncture treatment simulating aphids feeding	防御相关酶: POD; 叶片次生代谢产物: SA、JA Defense-related enzymes: POD; Leaf secondary metabolites: SA, JA	Wei et al., 2020
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	单孢球囊霉 Glomus monosporum	机械损伤 Mechanical damage	防御相关酶: SOD、APX、LOX、CPK11、MKK; 挥发性有机物 Defense-related enzymes: SOD, APX, LOX, CPK11, MKK; VOCs	Li et al., 2021

供体植株 Donor plant	受体植株 Receiver plant	菌根真菌种类 Mycorrhizal fungal species	环境胁迫种类 Environmental stress	受体植株防御响应参数 Defense-related parameters of receiver plant	参考文献 Reference
番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	摩西斗管囊霉 Funneliformis mosseae	茄链格孢菌接种 Alternaria solani inoculation	防御相关基因: PR1、PR2、PR3、PAL、LOX、AOC; 防御相关酶: POD、PPO、PAL、LOX、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶 Defense-related genes: PR1, PR2, PR3, PAL, LOX, AOC; Defense-related enzymes: POD, PPO, PAL, LOX, Chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase	Song et al., 2010; Xie et al., 2012
蚕豆 Vicia faba	蚕豆 Vicia faba	根内根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus intraradices	豌豆蚜取食 Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding	对蚜虫的排斥及对蚜虫天敌寄生蜂的吸引; 挥发性有机物 Repellent to aphids but attractive to aphid enemies such as parasitoids; VOCs	Babikova et al., 2013a
番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	摩西斗管囊霉 Funneliformis mosseae	斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食 Spodoptera litura larva feeding	防御相关基因: LOX、AOC、PI-I、PI-II; 防御相关酶: LOX、PPO、SOD、POD Defense-related genes: LOX, AOC, PI-I, PI-II; Defense-related enzymes: LOX, PPO, SOD, POD	Song et al., 2014; Lin et al., 2018
烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	烟草 Nicotiana tabacum	摩西斗管囊霉 Funneliformis mosseae	青枯菌接种 Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation	防御相关酶: PAL、PPO、POD Defense-related enzymes: PAL, PPO, POD	Guo et al., 2015
蚕豆 Vicia faba	蚕豆 Vicia faba	异形根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus irregularis	黑豆蚜取食 Aphis fabae feeding	防御相关基因: PR1; 根外菌丝际初生代谢物 Defense-related genes: PR1; Primary metabolites in the hyphosphere	Cabral et al., 2018
蚕豆 Vicia faba	蚕豆 Vicia faba	异形根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus irregularis	蚕豆葡萄孢菌接种 Botrytis fabae inoculation	防御相关基因: PR1、PR2、PR5; 根外菌丝际初生代谢物 Defense-related genes: PR1, PR2, PR5; Primary metabolites in the hyphosphere	Cabral et al., 2019
枳 Poncirus trifoliata	枳 Poncirus trifoliata	隐类球囊霉 Paraglomus occultum	地毯草黄单胞菌接种 Xanthomonas axonopodis inoculation	防御相关基因: PAL、EPS1、PBS3、PR1、PR4、PR5、NPR1; 防御相关酶: PAL; 代谢物: SA; 总可溶性酚; 木质素 Defense-related genes: PAL, EPS1, PBS3, PR1, PR4, PR5, NPR1; Defense-related enzymes: PAL; metabolites: SA; total soluble phenol; lignin	Zhang et al., 2019
番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	番茄 Lycopersicon esculentum	摩西斗管囊霉 Funneliformis mosseae	人工落叶 Manual defoliation	防御相关基因: PAL、PR2; 防御相关酶: PAL、SOD、POD、PPO Defense-related genes: PAL, PR2; Defense-related enzymes: PAL, SOD, POD, PPO	Lian et al., 2019
Nicotiana attenuate	Nicotiana attenuate	异形根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus irregularis	烟草天蛾幼虫口腔分泌物接种 Oral secretions of Manduca sexta larvae inoculation	叶片初生及次生代谢产物 Leaf primary and secondary metabolites	Song et al., 2019
马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	马铃薯 Solanum tuberosum	异形根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus irregularis	致病疫霉接种 Phytophthora infestans inoculation	防御相关基因: PAL、PR-1b、ERF3、LOX Defense-related genes: PAL, PR-1b, ERF3, LOX	Alaux et al., 2020
黑麦草 Lolium perenne	白车轴草 Trifolium repens	根内根孢囊霉 Rhizophagus intraradices	针刺模拟蚜虫取食 Acupuncture treatment simulating aphids feeding	防御相关酶: POD; 叶片次生代谢产物: SA、JA Defense-related enzymes: POD; Leaf secondary metabolites: SA, JA	Wei et al., 2020
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	单孢球囊霉 Glomus monosporum	机械损伤 Mechanical damage	防御相关酶: SOD、APX、LOX、CPK11、MKK; 挥发性有机物 Defense-related enzymes: SOD, APX, LOX, CPK11, MKK; VOCs	Li et al., 2021

环境胁迫种类 Environmental stress	植物防御响应指标 Parameters of plant defensive response	供体与受体植株AMNs连接距离¹⁾ Distance of AMNs between donor and receiver plants (cm)¹⁾	供体植株防御响应强度发生显著变化时间²⁾ Hours of significant changes of donor plant defense response (h)²⁾	受体植株防御响应强度发生显著变化时间³⁾ Hours of significant changes of receiver plant defense response (h)³⁾	AMNs传递信号物质时间⁴⁾ Hours of signals transfer through AMNs (h)⁴⁾	参考文献 Reference
茄链格孢菌接种 Alternaria solani inoculation	PAL	16	18-65	18	18	Xie et al., 2012
	LOX	16	65-100	65-100	35
	PR3	16	18-65	18-65	47
地毯草黄单胞菌接种 Xanthomonas axonopodis inoculation	PAL	6	48	48	48	Zhang et al., 2019
	EPS1	6	48-96	48	48
	PBS3	6	48	48	48
	PR1	6	48-96	48	48
	PR4	6	48	48	48
	PR5	6	48-96	48	48
	NPR1	6	48	48	48
蚕豆葡萄孢菌接种 Botrytis fabae inoculation	PR1	12.5	24	24-48	24	Cabral et al., 2019
	PR2	12.5	24-48	24	24
	PR5	12.5	24-48	24	24
斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食 Spodoptera litura larva feeding	AOC	16	3	3	3	Lin et al., 2018
	LOX	16	3	3-6	3
	PI-I	16	3	3	3
	PI-II	16	3	3	3
黑豆蚜取食 Aphis fabae feeding	PR1	12.5	48	60	12	Cabral et al., 2018
豌豆蚜取食 Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding	VOCs	20	72-96	72-96	24	Babikova et al., 2013b
卷叶蛾取食 Choristoneura occidentalis feeding	POD	16	24-48	24-48	24	Song et al., 2015
	PPO	16	24	24-48	24
	SOD	16	24	24	24

环境胁迫种类 Environmental stress	植物防御响应指标 Parameters of plant defensive response	供体与受体植株AMNs连接距离¹⁾ Distance of AMNs between donor and receiver plants (cm)¹⁾	供体植株防御响应强度发生显著变化时间²⁾ Hours of significant changes of donor plant defense response (h)²⁾	受体植株防御响应强度发生显著变化时间³⁾ Hours of significant changes of receiver plant defense response (h)³⁾	AMNs传递信号物质时间⁴⁾ Hours of signals transfer through AMNs (h)⁴⁾	参考文献 Reference
茄链格孢菌接种 Alternaria solani inoculation	PAL	16	18-65	18	18	Xie et al., 2012
	LOX	16	65-100	65-100	35
	PR3	16	18-65	18-65	47
地毯草黄单胞菌接种 Xanthomonas axonopodis inoculation	PAL	6	48	48	48	Zhang et al., 2019
	EPS1	6	48-96	48	48
	PBS3	6	48	48	48
	PR1	6	48-96	48	48
	PR4	6	48	48	48
	PR5	6	48-96	48	48
	NPR1	6	48	48	48
蚕豆葡萄孢菌接种 Botrytis fabae inoculation	PR1	12.5	24	24-48	24	Cabral et al., 2019
	PR2	12.5	24-48	24	24
	PR5	12.5	24-48	24	24
斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食 Spodoptera litura larva feeding	AOC	16	3	3	3	Lin et al., 2018
	LOX	16	3	3-6	3
	PI-I	16	3	3	3
	PI-II	16	3	3	3
黑豆蚜取食 Aphis fabae feeding	PR1	12.5	48	60	12	Cabral et al., 2018
豌豆蚜取食 Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding	VOCs	20	72-96	72-96	24	Babikova et al., 2013b
卷叶蛾取食 Choristoneura occidentalis feeding	POD	16	24-48	24-48	24	Song et al., 2015
	PPO	16	24	24-48	24
	SOD	16	24	24	24