基于液流径向变化的樟子松蒸腾耗水量估算及影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0121

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 1118-1127.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0121 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0121

基于液流径向变化的樟子松蒸腾耗水量估算及影响因素

童郁强¹^,², 吴梦鸽¹^,², 王玲³, 赵实³, 韩叙¹^,², 张彤¹^,², 刘静¹^,², 秦胜金¹^,², 董英豪¹^,², 魏亚伟¹^,²^,^*(), 周永斌²^,⁴^,^*()

¹沈阳农业大学林学院, 沈阳 110866
²辽宁辽河平原森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 辽宁昌图 112500
³辽宁省林业发展服务中心, 沈阳 110036
⁴大连大学生命健康学院, 辽宁大连 116622

收稿日期:2023-05-04 接受日期:2024-06-20 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-06-24
通讯作者: *魏亚伟(ywei@syau.edu.cn); 周永斌(yyzyb@163.com)
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23070103);国家林业和草原局林草科技创新平台运行补助项目(2020132029);国家林业和草原局林草科技创新平台运行补助项目(2021132053)

Transpiration estimates in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation based on the radial pattern of sap flow and its influencing factors

TONG Yu-Qiang¹^,², WU Meng-Ge¹^,², WANG Ling³, ZHAO Shi³, HAN Xu¹^,², ZHANG Tong¹^,², LIU Jing¹^,², QIN Sheng-Jin¹^,², DONG Ying-Hao¹^,², WEI Ya-Wei¹^,²^,^*(), ZHOU Yong-Bin²^,⁴^,^*()

¹College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
²Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network, Changtu, Liaoning 112500, China
³Liaoning Forestry Development Service Center, Shenyang 110036, China
⁴College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, China

Received:2023-05-04 Accepted:2024-06-20 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2024-06-24
Contact: *(Wei YW, ywei@syau.edu.cn); (Zhou YB, yyzyb@163.com)
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23070103);National Forestry and Grassland Administration Project of Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Innovation Platform Operation Subsidy(2020132029);National Forestry and Grassland Administration Project of Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Innovation Platform Operation Subsidy(2021132053)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)是辽西北半干旱区主要的人工林造林树种, 准确估算其蒸腾耗水量对樟子松人工林的科学管理具有重要意义。该研究采用基于多点(不同规格) TDP探针研究30年生樟子松树干液流的径向变化特征及其对树木蒸腾耗水量的影响。结果表明: 樟子松树干液流在径向上存在较大的差异且随着季节的变化径向模式也会发生变化。在8月, 樟子松树干液流呈现明显的单峰径向模式, 在距最外侧边材15 mm处达到峰值, 而在10月, 樟子松径向模式表现出较大的差异, 从边材的外侧到心材逐渐下降。基于液流径向变化, 估算出30年生樟子松在8月和10月日蒸腾量分别在25.32-27.45和14.05-16.49 kg之间, 其中, 边材外侧0-20 mm的蒸腾量占据了整株蒸腾量的绝大部分。通过单点估算樟子松整株蒸腾量会产生较大误差, 误差最高可达133.22%。樟子松各深度(5、15、25 mm)的液流通量密度之间存在显著的关联性, 每个深度的液流通量密度与基于边材面积加权平均的液流通量密度之间的线性方程拟合度较好, 通过转换方程可以达到使用单点来估算整株蒸腾量的目的。光合有效辐射对樟子松各深度的液流影响最大, 但不同深度的液流对气象因素的响应程度不同, 因此不能以单深度的液流通量密度受气象因素的影响程度来预估气象因素对整株蒸腾耗水量的影响。

关键词: 树干液流, 樟子松, 人工林, 径向变化, 蒸腾, 气象因子

Abstract:

Aims Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is one of the key afforestation species in the semi-arid region of western Liaoning Province. Precise estimation of its transpiration is crucial for the scientific management of these plantations.

Methods This study utilized multi-point TDP probes with different probe sizes to examine the radial pattern of sap flow in 30-year-old P. sylvestris var. mongolica on sandy terrain, and to explain the factors affecting transpiration.

Important findings Results revealed significant differences in the radial pattern of sap flow within the plantation, which also varied across seasons. In August, the sap flow exhibited a distinct unimodal radial pattern, peaking at 15 mm depth from sapwood. However, in October, the radial pattern showed a significant difference, presenting a gradual decline from the outer sapwood towards the heartwood. Based on radial sap flow changes, the daily transpiration of 30-year-old P. sylvestris var. mongolica in August and October was estimated to be between 25.32-27.45 and 14.05-16.49 kg, respectively. The transpiration from the outer 0-20 mm of the sapwood accounted for a substantial majority of the whole tree’s transpiration. Estimation of the entire P. sylvestris var. mongolica transpiration based on a single point could lead to significant errors, with the highest error reaching up to 133.22%. There was a notable correlation between sap flux densities at different depths (5, 15, 25 mm) out of sapwood, and a satisfactory linear fit was observed between sap flux density at various depths and weighted mean sap flux density on a sapwood area basis. Thus, a single-point estimation of individual tree transpiration can be achieved using conversion equations. The most significant effect on sap flow at different depths in P. sylvestris var. mongolica was from photosynthetically active radiation. However, the response degree of sap flow at different depths to meteorological factors were different, implying that meteorological influences on whole-tree transpiration cannot be predicted based on the impacts at a single depth.

Key words: sap flow, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, plantation, radial variation, transpiration, meteorological factor

童郁强, 吴梦鸽, 王玲, 赵实, 韩叙, 张彤, 刘静, 秦胜金, 董英豪, 魏亚伟, 周永斌. 基于液流径向变化的樟子松蒸腾耗水量估算及影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(9): 1118-1127. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0121

TONG Yu-Qiang, WU Meng-Ge, WANG Ling, ZHAO Shi, HAN Xu, ZHANG Tong, LIU Jing, QIN Sheng-Jin, DONG Ying-Hao, WEI Ya-Wei, ZHOU Yong-Bin. Transpiration estimates in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation based on the radial pattern of sap flow and its influencing factors. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(9): 1118-1127. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0121

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0121

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I9/1118

图/表 10

表1 樟子松样树主要参数

Table 1 Major parameters of sample trees of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

编号 No.	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	树高 Height (m)	枝下高 Crown height (m)	冠幅 Crown breadth (m)	边材半径 Sapwood radius (cm)
P1	26.2	11.8	5.5	6.2 × 7.8	7.1
P2	25.5	11.4	5.3	6.8 × 6.1	7.0
P3	26.8	12.2	5.8	6.8 × 6.1	7.2

图1 樟子松8月(A)和10月(B)各边材深度的液流通量密度变化特征(平均值±标准误)。

Fig. 1 Diurnal variation of sap flux density at different sapwood depths of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in August (A) and October (B) (mean ± SE).

图2 樟子松8月和10月的日平均液流通量密度(平均值±标准误)。*表示相同深度的日平均液流通量密度在不同月份之间差异显著; 不同小写字母表示相同月份时不同深度的日平均液流通量密度存在差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Mean diurnal sap flux density at different sapwood depths of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in August and October (mean ± SE). * indicates the significant difference in mean diurnal sap flux density between different months at the same depth; different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different depths in the same month (p < 0.05).

表2 采用多点和单点液流通量密度估算樟子松日蒸腾量的对比(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Comparison of the daily mean transpiration of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica single tree estimated by single-point and multipoint sap flux densities (mean ± SE)

编号 No.	月份 Month	多点估算日蒸腾量 Estimated transpiration by multi point (kg)	单点估算日蒸腾量 Estimated transpiration by single-point (kg)
编号 No.	月份 Month	多点估算日蒸腾量 Estimated transpiration by multi point (kg)	5 mm	误差 Error (%)	15 mm	误差 Error (%)	25 mm	误差 Error (%)
P1	8	25.32 ± 0.93^C	35.65 ± 0.39^B	40.79	57.63 ± 1.68^A	127.61	21.42 ± 3.00^C	-15.42
	10	16.21 ± 1.92^B	27.50 ± 4.22^A	69.65	18.26 ± 1.69^B	12.65	20.38 ± 2.48^AB	25.73
P2	8	27.45 ± 0.51^B	34.38 ± 0.87^B	25.25	63.98 ± 8.74^A	133.08	25.60 ± 3.09^B	-6.73
	10	14.05 ± 3.16^A	21.03 ± 6.54^A	49.70	20.75 ± 3.76^A	47.69	16.94 ± 3.91^A	20.57
P3	8	27.33 ± 6.06^B	35.61 ± 11.20^AB	30.29	63.74 ± 12.84^A	133.22	24.46 ± 3.87^B	-10.49
	10	16.49 ± 3.48^B	30.49 ± 3.64^A	84.90	22.45 ± 4.08^AB	36.14	21.96 ± 5.05^AB	33.18

表3 樟子松各径向深度的蒸腾耗水量占比

Table 3 Contribution of transpiration at different depths on sapwood to transpiration of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

月份 Month	各深度蒸腾占比 Ratio of transpiration at each depth
月份 Month	0-10 mm (%)	10-20 mm (%)	20-30 mm (%)
8	24.8-26.9	38.9-42.5	14.1-14.4
10	32.2-43.9	21.8-27.1	19.8-23.2

图3 樟子松15 mm处液流通量密度与5、25 mm处液流通量密度的数量关系。

Fig. 3 Correlation analysis of sap flux density at depth of 15 mm and sap flux density at depth of 5 and 25 mm of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica.

表4 樟子松5、15、25 mm处液流通量密度(x) (g·m-2·s-1)与基于边材面积加权平均的液流通量密度(y) (g·m-2·s-1)的关系

Table 4 Relationship between sap flux density at 5, 15 and 25 mm (x) and the average sap flux density (y) (g·m-2·s-1) of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

深度 Depth (mm)	8月 August	R²	10月 October	R²
5	y = 0.7489x - 0.0091	0.974	y = 0.5831x - 0.2689	0.960
15	y = 0.3846x + 0.9657	0.989	y = 0.6933x + 0.2491	0.971
25	y = 1.1645x - 0.3805	0.995	y = 0.6960x + 0.4089	0.977

图4 樟子松各深度液流通量密度与光合有效辐射、饱和水汽压差、风速、气温、相对湿度的关系。A、D、G、J、M, 5 mm处液流通量密度。B、E、H、K、N, 15 mm处液流通量密度。C、F、I、L、O, 25 mm处液流通量密度。

Fig. 4 Relationship between sap flux density at different depths of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), wind speed (WS), air temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH). A, D, G, J, M, sap flux density at 5 mm. B, E, H, K, N, sap flux density at 15 mm. C, F, I, L, O, sap flux density at 25 mm.

表5 樟子松各深度液流通量密度与各气象因子的回归方程

Table 5 Regression equation between sap flux density at different depths of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and meteorological factors

深度 Depth	回归方程 Regression equation	R²
5 mm	y = 2.093 + 0.017PAR + 3.937VPD - 1.023WS	0.847
15 mm	y = - 4.181 + 0.029PAR + 5.981VPD - 9.911WS	0.758
25 mm	y = 0.614 + 0.01PAR + 5.64VPD - 1.457WS	0.857

表6 樟子松蒸腾耗水量与各气象因子的相关性分析

Table 6 Pearson correlation of transpiration in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica with meteorological factors

	气温 T_a (℃)	光合有效辐射 PAR (µmol·s^-1·m^-2)	空气相对湿度 RH (%)	饱和水汽压差 VPD (kPa)	风速 WS (m·s^-1)
相关系数 Pearson correlation	0.640^**	0.881^**	-0.403^**	0.639^**	0.203^**
双尾检验 Sig.	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
样本数 N	288	288	288	288	288

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基于液流径向变化的樟子松蒸腾耗水量估算及影响因素

Transpiration estimates in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation based on the radial pattern of sap flow and its influencing factors

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