Granier原始公式计算树干液流速率的适用性分析——以毛白杨为例

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0321

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 404-417.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0321

Granier原始公式计算树干液流速率的适用性分析——以毛白杨为例

赵小宁¹, 田晓楠¹, 李新², 李广德³, 郭有正¹, 贾黎明¹, 段劼¹, 席本野¹^,^**()

¹北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 干旱半干旱地区森林培育和生态系统研究国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083
²北京时域通科技有限公司, 北京 100193
³国家开放大学农林医药教学部, 北京 100039

收稿日期:2022-07-29 接受日期:2022-09-12 出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2023-02-28
通讯作者: 席本野
作者简介:** 席本野: ORCID:0000-0003-4730-6384 (benyexi@bjfu.edu.cn)
第一联系人：
^*同等贡献
基金资助:
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2019BFG02024);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2201203);国家自然科学基金(32171763)

Analysis of applicability of Granier’s original equation for calculating the stem sap flux density—Take Populus tomentosa as an example

ZHAO Xiao-Ning¹, TIAN Xiao-Nan¹, LI Xin², LI Guang-De³, GUO You-Zheng¹, JIA Li-Ming¹, DUAN Jie¹, XI Ben-Ye¹^,^**()

¹Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem in Arid- and Semi-Arid Region of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China
²Beijing Sinton Technology Company, Beijing 100193, China
³Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Medicine, the Open University of China, Beijing 100039, China

Received:2022-07-29 Accepted:2022-09-12 Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-02-28
Contact: XI Ben-Ye
About author:First author contact:
^*Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
Key R&D Plan of Ningxia Huizu Autonomous Region(2019BFG02024);National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2201203);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171763)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热扩散探针(TDP)在林木蒸腾研究中应用极广, 其测定数据的计算精度直接影响对林木和林分耗水的精准定量。Granier原始公式(F_d = 0.0119K^1.231, F_d为液流速率(cm·s^-1), K为温差系数)是计算TDP测定数据的标准方法, 但其准确性备受质疑。为系统了解Granier原始公式的适用性和明确对其校正的必要性, 该研究以毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)为实验材料, 采用室内茎段法和整树容器法, 针对不同型号的TDP探针评估Granier原始公式的精度, 并对比不同方法校正公式的应用效果。与茎段法实测值相比, Granier原始公式计算的液流速率平均低估52.3%-61.4%。通过茎段法和整树容器法得到的校正公式分别为F_d = 0.0362K^1.870和F_d = 0.0105K^0.976; 且一种方法下得到的校正公式, 在其他方法条件下应用时存在较大偏差。与Granier原始公式相比, 整树容器法校正公式计算的大田生长状态下的7株林木的平均液流速率没有显著变化, 但茎段法和其他研究中得到的毛白杨校正公式的计算结果均显著变大。以整树容器法做对比, Granier原始公式的精度明显高于其他校正公式, 其相对平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别为10%和0.000 5 cm·s^-1。此外, 校正公式的系数在不同林木间存在较大差异, 但其数值与导水边材中探针长度所占比例呈显著负相关关系。综上, 利用TDP测定液流时, 可能有必要对Granier原始公式进行校正, 但不同方法校正公式的应用效果差异巨大, 表明以往研究中得到的校正公式具有很大局限性。同时, 该研究未找到充足证据支撑“有必要采用校正公式以精确估算毛白杨液流速率”的观点, 尤其是考虑到整树容器法校正公式对大田栽植的毛白杨的液流速率估算结果与Granier原始公式并无显著差异, 因此建议继续对该树种延用Granier原始公式。

关键词: 蒸腾, 水分利用, 水分关系, 热扩散, 杨树

Abstract:

Aims Thermal dissipation probes (TDP) have been extensively applied in studying forest transpiration. The calculation accuracy of TDP data directly affects the precise quantification of water consumption of trees and stands. Granier’s original equation (F_d = 0.0119K^1.231, F_d is the sap flux density (cm·s^-1), K is the temperature difference coefficient) is a standard method for calculating the data measured by TDP, but its accuracy is questioned. The objective of this study is to systematically understand the applicability of Granier’s original equation to Populus tomentosa and clarify the need for calibration.

Methods With P. tomentosa as the experimental material, this study used the stem-weighing and the whole-tree potometer methods to evaluate the accuracy of Granier’s original equation for different types of TDP probes, and compared the applicability of equations calibrated by various methods.

Important findings Compared with the values measured by the stem-weighing method, the sap flux density calculated by Granier’s original equation was underestimated by 52.3%-61.4% on average. The calibrated equations by the stem-weighing method and the whole-tree potometer method were F_d= 0.0362K^1.870 and F_d = 0.0105K^0.976, respectively. The calibrated equation by one method produced a large deviation when applied to calculate the sap flux density measured by other methods. Relative to the values estimated by Granier’s original equation, the average sap flux density of seven field-grown trees calculated using the whole-tree potometer calibrated equation did not change significantly, but that calculated using the equations calibrated by the stem-weighing method or in other studies became significantly larger. Compared with the sap flux density measured by the whole-tree potometer method, the calculation precision of Granier’s original equation is considerably higher than that of other calibrated equations, and its relative average absolute error and root mean square error were 10% and 0.000 5 cm·s^-1, respectively. In addition, the coefficients of the calibrated equation differed greatly across different trees, but their values were negatively correlated with the length ratio of the probe inserted into the water conducting sapwood. To sum up, it may be necessary to calibrate original Granier’s equation when applying TDP to measure sap flux density. However, the application effects of calibrated equations by different methods varied considerably, indicating that the calibrated equations derived in previous studies have great limitations. Meanwhile, this study did not find sufficient evidence to support the viewpoint that it is necessary to use a calibrated equation for accurately estimate the sap flux density of P. tomentosa, especially considering that no significant difference was observed when using the calibrated equation by the whole-tree potometer method and Granier’s original equation to estimate the sap flux density of field-grown P. tomentosa. Therefore, continued application of Granier’s original equation is recommended for this tree species.

Key words: transpiration, water use, water relation, heat dissipation, poplar

赵小宁, 田晓楠, 李新, 李广德, 郭有正, 贾黎明, 段劼, 席本野. Granier原始公式计算树干液流速率的适用性分析——以毛白杨为例. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(3): 404-417. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0321

ZHAO Xiao-Ning, TIAN Xiao-Nan, LI Xin, LI Guang-De, GUO You-Zheng, JIA Li-Ming, DUAN Jie, XI Ben-Ye. Analysis of applicability of Granier’s original equation for calculating the stem sap flux density—Take Populus tomentosa as an example. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(3): 404-417. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0321

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0321

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I3/404

图/表 11

表1 室内茎段法实验中各茎段及其液流测定处圆盘的基本信息

Table 1 Basic information on the stems and their discs where the sap flux density was measured in the stem-weighing method experiment

茎段编号 Stem number	直径 Diameter (cm)	安装探针类型 Sensor type	圆盘面积 Disc area (cm²)	平均边材厚度 Average sapwood depth (cm)	具有导水能力的边材面积 Area of water conducting sapwood (cm²)
1	9.80	TDP-20, TDP-30	72.7	1.2	32.5
2	10.50	TDP-20, TDP-30	86.1	0.9	25.4
3	10.20	TDP-20, TDP-30	87.2	1.5	43.8
4	10.91	TDP-20, TDP-30	97.6	1.9	54.8
5	11.20	TDP-20, TDP-30	103.3	1.2	38.9
6	12.00	TDP-20, TDP-30	111.9	1.1	36.6
7	11.80	TDP-30	106.8	0.8	25.0

图1 室内茎段法装置示意图。

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the laboratory device used for the stem-weighing method.

图2 毛白杨不同茎段染色后的横截面。图中红色区域为导水边材。

Fig. 2 Cross-section of different stem segments after dyeing of Populus tomentosa. The red area in the cross sections indicates the water-conducting sapwood.

图3 Granier原始公式液流速率计算值与室内茎段法液流速率真实值对比。不同颜色R2和p值代表对应颜色茎段的线性回归结果。

Fig. 3 Comparison between the calculated sap flux density by Granier’s original equation and the actual sap flux density measured with the stem-weighing method. R2 and p values represent the linear regression results of stems with data points having corresponding color.

图4 Granier原始公式液流速率估算值较室内茎段法真实值的低估程度。

Fig. 4 Degree of underestimation for sap flux density predicted with Granier’s original equation and compared with the actual value measured by the stem-weighing method.

图5 不同方法下建立的毛白杨液流速率计算校正公式。

Fig. 5 Calibrated equations for estimating sap flux density of Populus tomentosa using different methods.

图6 针对茎干不同方位建立的毛白杨液流速率校正公式。

Fig. 6 Calibrated equations for estimating sap flux density of Populus tomentosa for different stem azimuth.

图7 Granier原始公式校正系数与导水边材中探针长度所占比例的关系。

Fig. 7 Relationship between the calibrated parameters of Granier’s original equation and the proportion of probe inserted into water-conducting sapwood.

图8 利用室内茎段法实验数据验证Granier原始公式和不同的毛白杨校正公式。M1, Granier原始公式; M2, 茎段法校正公式; M3, 整树容器法校正公式; M4, 马玉洁等(2020)校正公式; M5, Xie和Wan (2018)校正公式。

Fig. 8 Verification of Granier’s original equation and other calibrated equations of Populus tomentosa using the data of the stem-weighing method. M1, Granier’s original equation; M2, calibrated equation of stem-weighing method; M3, calibrated equation of whole-tree potometer method; M4, calibrated equation of Ma et al. (2020); M5, calibrated equation of Xie & Wan (2018).

图9 利用整树容器法数据验证Granier原始公式和不同的毛白杨液流速率校正公式。M1, Granier原始公式; M2, 茎段法校正公式; M3, 整树容器法校正公式; M4, 马玉洁等(2020)校正公式; M5, Xie和Wan (2018)校正公式。

Fig. 9 Verification of Granier’s original equation and other calibrated equations of Populus tomentosa using the data of the whole-tree potometer method. M1, Granier’s original equation; M2, calibrated equation of stem-weighing method; M3, calibrated equation of whole-tree potometer method; M4, calibrated equation of Ma et al. (2020); M5, calibrated equation of Xie & Wan (2018).

图10 Granier原始公式和其他校正公式估算的大田栽植的毛白杨液流速率对比(平均值±标准误)。图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)，检验方法为Turkey检验。M1, Granier原始公式; M2, 茎段法校正公式; M3, 整树容器法校正公式; M4, 马玉洁等(2020)校正公式; M5, Xie和Wan (2018)校正公式。

Fig. 10 Comparison of sap flux density predicted with Granier’s original equation and other calibrated equations for field grown Populus tomentosa (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference at p <0.05, according to Tukey’s test. M1, Granier’s original equation; M2, calibrated equation of stem-weighing method; M3, calibrated equation of whole-tree potometer method; M4, calibrated equation of Ma et al. (2020); M5, calibrated equation of Xie & Wan (2018).

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Granier原始公式计算树干液流速率的适用性分析——以毛白杨为例

Analysis of applicability of Granier’s original equation for calculating the stem sap flux density—Take Populus tomentosa as an example

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