植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 1268-1279.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0234
姜玉峰1,2, 李晶1,2, 信瑞瑞1,2, 李艺1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2022-06-06
接受日期:
2022-09-05
出版日期:
2022-10-20
发布日期:
2022-09-28
通讯作者:
*李艺(yili@xmu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
JIANG Yu-Feng1,2, LI Jing1,2, XIN Rui-Rui1,2, LI Yi1,2,*()
Received:
2022-06-06
Accepted:
2022-09-05
Online:
2022-10-20
Published:
2022-09-28
Contact:
*LI Yi(yili@xmu.edu.cn)
Supported by:
摘要:
随着沿海人类活动的日益加剧, 其对红树林生态系统健康和可持续发展的影响也逐渐凸显, 实现红树林周边典型人类活动时空动态变化监测对红树林生态系统的保护与修复意义重大。该研究基于Landsat多时相遥感数据和Google Earth Engine平台, 通过面向对象的机器学习方法, 融入水体季节波动信息作为分类特征, 获取了1990、2000、2010和2020年4个不同时期中国沿海红树林分布省区(包括广东、福建、浙江、台湾、广西及海南) 30 m分辨率的养殖池塘空间格局及其变化特征, 并进一步解析养殖池塘对红树林生态系统的影响。研究结果表明: (1)研究区域内4个时间节点的沿海养殖池塘面积总量分别为2 963、5 200、5 377及4 805 km2, 呈先增加后减少的趋势, 于2010-2020年间达到峰值。沿海养殖池塘面积变化趋势和达峰时间存在明显区域差异性, 其主要原因是红树林保护政策、养殖池塘规范管理和阶段性经济目标的区域差异化。(2)我国沿海养殖池塘集中分布在21°-24° N区域(广东和广西), 与红树林沿纬度的分布格局呈错峰分布。其中, 红树林与沿海养殖池塘集中分布区(21°-22° N)存在大量养殖池塘堤边生长红树林的特色格局, 此区域内两者交互作用最为紧密, 是探究人类活动对红树林生态系统影响的典型热点地区。(3)养殖池塘侵占红树林是造成红树林损失的最直接原因, 并导致红树林空间分布格局呈现局部破碎化或聚集化的极端发展趋势。该研究通过解析沿海养殖池塘的空间格局, 为精准评估红树林周边典型人类活动变化提供数据支撑, 为进一步监测红树林空间格局动态变化趋势和红树林优先修复区识别提供参考依据。
姜玉峰, 李晶, 信瑞瑞, 李艺. 沿海养殖池塘对红树林生态系统影响的时空变化监测与分析. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(10): 1268-1279. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0234
JIANG Yu-Feng, LI Jing, XIN Rui-Rui, LI Yi. Spatial-temporal dynamics of coastal aquaculture ponds and its impacts on mangrove ecosystems. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(10): 1268-1279. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0234
图4 1990-2020年红树林分布省区的沿海养殖池塘面积变化统计。A, 1990-2020年6个红树林分布省区沿海养殖池塘总面积变化。B, 1990-2020年3个时间阶段沿海养殖池塘面积增量和同比增速。C-H, 6个红树林分布省区沿海养殖池塘面积变化。
Fig. 4 Temporal changes in the area of aquaculture ponds in the provinces with mangroves from 1990 to 2020. A, Total area of aquaculture ponds in six provinces with mangroves from 1990 to 2020. B, Increase in the area of aquaculture ponds and the decadal growth rate in 3 periods from 1990 to 2020. C-H, Total area of aquaculture ponds in each province.
年份 Year | 类别 Class | 养殖池塘 Aquaculture ponds | 非养殖池塘 Non-aquaculture ponds | 生产者精度 PA (%) | 用户精度 UA (%) | 总精度 OA (%) | Kappa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 养殖池塘 Aquaculture ponds | 347 | 53 | 98.58 | 86.75 | 89.34 | 0.75 |
非养殖池塘 Non-aquaculture ponds | 5 | 139 | 76.37 | 96.53 | |||
2010 | 养殖池塘 Aquaculture ponds | 345 | 55 | 98.80 | 86.25 | 88.60 | 0.74 |
非养殖池塘 Non-aquaculture ponds | 7 | 137 | 71.35 | 95.14 | |||
2000 | 养殖池塘 Aquaculture ponds | 332 | 58 | 98.81 | 83.00 | 86.76 | 0.71 |
非养殖池塘 Non-aquaculture ponds | 4 | 140 | 70.71 | 97.22 | |||
1990 | 养殖池塘 Aquaculture ponds | 343 | 57 | 99.42 | 85.75 | 89.15 | 0.77 |
非养殖池塘 Non-aquaculture ponds | 2 | 142 | 71.00 | 98.61 |
表1 水产养殖池塘解译结果精度评价
Table 1 Accuracy evaluation of the identification of aquaculture ponds
年份 Year | 类别 Class | 养殖池塘 Aquaculture ponds | 非养殖池塘 Non-aquaculture ponds | 生产者精度 PA (%) | 用户精度 UA (%) | 总精度 OA (%) | Kappa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 养殖池塘 Aquaculture ponds | 347 | 53 | 98.58 | 86.75 | 89.34 | 0.75 |
非养殖池塘 Non-aquaculture ponds | 5 | 139 | 76.37 | 96.53 | |||
2010 | 养殖池塘 Aquaculture ponds | 345 | 55 | 98.80 | 86.25 | 88.60 | 0.74 |
非养殖池塘 Non-aquaculture ponds | 7 | 137 | 71.35 | 95.14 | |||
2000 | 养殖池塘 Aquaculture ponds | 332 | 58 | 98.81 | 83.00 | 86.76 | 0.71 |
非养殖池塘 Non-aquaculture ponds | 4 | 140 | 70.71 | 97.22 | |||
1990 | 养殖池塘 Aquaculture ponds | 343 | 57 | 99.42 | 85.75 | 89.15 | 0.77 |
非养殖池塘 Non-aquaculture ponds | 2 | 142 | 71.00 | 98.61 |
图5 1990-2020年沿海养殖池塘周围红树林空间格局演变。正值代表随着时间变化而增加, 负值则相反。
Fig. 5 Evolution of the spatial pattern of mangroves around coastal aquaculture ponds, from 1990 to 2020. Positive values represent an increase in the indicators in each decade, while negative values mean the opposite. AI, aggregation index; AREA_MEAN, mean patch area; ENN_MN, mean euclidean nearest neighbor index; PD, patch density.
图6 本研究产品与其他海岸带水产养殖池塘数据结果在b、c、d 3地的比较。B-D中左图为Ren等(2019)数据产品(2015年), 右图为本研究的数据产品(2020年)。
Fig. 6 Comparisons of coastal aquaculture ponds in three different places (b, c and d). The distributions of aquaculture ponds on the left side in B-D of the diagram group are the dataset acquired from Ren et al. (2015), and those on the right side are the data products from this study.
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