植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 170-182.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0180

所属专题: 生态系统结构与功能 微生物生态学

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

群落生态学中的植物-土壤反馈研究

席念勋1,2,*(), 张原野3, 周淑荣1   

  1. 1海南大学林学院, 海口 570228
    2生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875
    3厦门大学环境与生态学院, 滨海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室, 福建厦门 361102
  • 收稿日期:2009-01-12 接受日期:2009-06-03 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-02-28
  • 通讯作者: *(E-mail: jshe@pku.edu.cn)
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31600342)

Plant-soil feedbacks in community ecology

XI Nian-Xun1,2,*(), ZHANG Yuan-Ye3, ZHOU Shu-Rong1   

  1. 1College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
    2Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing 100875, China
    3Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
  • Received:2009-01-12 Accepted:2009-06-03 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-02-28
  • Contact: *(E-mail: jshe@pku.edu.cn)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600342)

摘要:

植物-土壤反馈是指植物改变了其生长环境中土壤的生物和非生物属性, 改变后的土壤进而影响植物适合度的过程。植物-土壤反馈的一个根本前提是: 植物在根际周围产生由专化病原菌和共生菌构成的特异性微生物群落, 专化微生物对宿主植物种群有很大的影响, 对非宿主植物没有或者有微弱影响。自从20世纪90年代被明确提出后, 植物-土壤反馈被广泛用于揭示不同尺度的生态学过程, 诸如演替、竞争、生物入侵、全球变化对生态系统的影响等。近年来, 植物-土壤反馈与群落生态学主要研究领域之间的整合取得了实质性进展。该文主要关注的是土壤微生物介导的植物-土壤反馈及其对植物物种共存、群落结构和生态系统功能的影响。土壤微生物不仅可以产生稳定化力量促进物种共存, 也可以改变均一化力量或者种间适合度差异, 从而影响植物种间共存。在群落生态学中通常假设稀有种受土壤负反馈的影响更弱, 从而预测植物局域丰富度与土壤反馈强度具有负相关关系。然而实验证据却揭示了不同的模式, 加强对植物与土壤病原菌之间的进化动态的关注是调和这些不一致模式的关键。土壤微生物也是驱动植物群落演替的关键因子。土壤微生物通过稀释效应影响植物多样性-群落生产力关系。专化土壤病原菌或共生菌在单物种群落中积累, 但其负面或正面影响在多物种群落中被稀释, 分别导致更高或更低的群落生产力, 从而提升或抑制多样性效应。针对群落生态学中的植物-土壤反馈研究, 该文提出了3个研究方向: 植物与土壤微生物专化关系的实验验证, 多维度物种共存, 植物与土壤微生物的生态-进化动态。

关键词: 植物-土壤反馈, 物种共存, 群落结构, 生态系统功能, 协同进化

Abstract:

Plant species change soil abiotic and biotic properties which in turn influence the performance of plants, leading to so-called “plant-soil feedbacks” (PSF). It is the prerequisite of plant-soil feedbacks that plant species can cause specific changes in soil microbial communities which are characterized by specialized soil pathogens and mutualists. Specialized microbes can have substantial effects on host plants, but likely do not influence the performance of non-host plants. PSF have been used to interpret ecological processes of different scales since the concept was proposed in the 1990s, such as succession, interspecific competition, biological invasion and effects of global changes on terrestrial ecosystems. In recent years, community ecologists and theoretical ecologists have started to integrate the research of PSF and community ecology, resulting in fundamental progress. In this review paper, we introduce soil microbe-mediated PSF and its implications for plant species coexistence, community structure and ecosystem functions. Classical PSF theory assumes that soil microbes can generate stabilizing process which promotes plant coexistence. However, recent studies show that soil microbes can also cause fitness difference between plant species which can influence species coexistence through equalizing process. Community ecologists predict that rare species have less negative or more positive PSF than abundant species, thereby leading to negative correlations between plant landscape abundance and PSF. However, empirical evidence demonstrates inconsistent patterns such as negative, positive and neutral correlations, and coevolution of plants and soil pathogens is key to reconcile these patterns. Soil microbes are also considered as a fundamental factor regulating succession. Dilution of soil microbial effects is a mechanism of positive plant diversity-productivity relationships. Specialist pathogens and mutualists accumulate in the soil of monocultures, but their negative and positive effects are diluted in multi-species mixtures, thereby increasing and decreasing biodiversity effects on productivity, respectively. We suggest three directions for future studies: empirical testing for specialization of plants and soil microbes, multi-dimensional species coexistence and eco-evolutionary dynamics in plant-soil feedbacks.

Key words: plant-soil feedback, species coexistence, community structure, ecosystem functioning, coevolution