植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (预发表): 0-0.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0180

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群落生态学中的植物-土壤反馈研究

席念勋1,张原野2,周淑荣3   

  1. 1. 海南大学
    2. 厦门大学
    3. 海南大学林学院
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-07 修回日期:2022-08-11 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2022-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 席念勋

Plant-soil feedbacks in community ecology

nianxun xi1,Yuan-Ye Zhang2,Shu-Rong ZHOU3   

  1. 1. Hainan University
    2. Xiamen University
    3.
  • Received:2022-05-07 Revised:2022-08-11 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2022-08-14
  • Contact: nianxun xi

摘要: 植物-土壤反馈是指植物改变了其生长环境中土壤的生物和非生物属性, 改变后的土壤进而影响植物适合度的过程。植物-土壤反馈的一个根本前提是: 植物在根际周围产生由专化病原体和共生菌构成的特异性微生物群落, 专化微生物对宿主植物种群有很大的影响, 对非宿主植物没有或者有微弱影响。自从上世纪90年代被明确提出后, 植物-土壤反馈被广泛用于揭示不同尺度的生态学过程, 诸如演替、竞争、生物入侵、全球变化对生态系统的影响等。近年来, 植物-土壤反馈与群落生态学主要研究领域之间的整合取得了实质性进展。该文主要关注的是土壤微生物介导的植物-土壤反馈及其对植物物种共存、群落结构和生态系统功能的影响。土壤微生物不仅可以产生稳定化力量促进物种共存, 也可以改变均一化力量或者种间适合度差异, 从而影响植物种间共存。在群落生态学中通常假设稀有种受到更弱的土壤负反馈影响, 从而预测植物局域丰富度与土壤反馈强度具有负相关关系。然而实验证据却揭示了不同的模式, 增加对植物与土壤病原体之间的进化动态的关注是调和这些不一致模式的关键。土壤微生物也是驱动植物群落演替的关键因子之一。土壤微生物通过稀释效应影响植物多样性-群落生产力关系。土壤病原菌和共生菌在植物单作中积累, 但其负面和正面影响在多物种混作中被稀释, 分别产生更高和更低的群落生产力, 从而增加和抑制多样性效应。针对群落生态学中的植物-土壤反馈研究, 该文提出了三个研究方向: 植物与土壤微生物专化关系的实验验证、多维度物种共存、植物与土壤微生物的生态-进化动态。

关键词: 植物-土壤反馈, 物种共存, 群落结构, 生态系统功能, 协同进化

Abstract: Plant species change soil abiotic and biotic properties which in turn influence the performance of plants, leading to so-called “plant–soil feedbacks” (PSF). It is the prerequisite of plant-soil feedbacks that plant species can cause specific changes in soil microbial communities which are characterized by specialized soil pathogens and mutualists. Specialized microbes can have substantial effects on host plants but likely do not influence the performance of non-host plants. PSF have been considered to interpret ecological processes of different scales since the concept was proposed in the 1990s, such as succession, interspecific competition, biological invasion and effects of global changes on terrestrial ecosystems. In recent years, community ecologists and theoretical ecologists start to intergrate the researchs of PSF and community ecology, causing some fundemental progresses. In this review paper, we introduce soil microbe-mediated PSF and its implications on plant species coexistence, community structure and ecosystem functions. Classical PSF theory assumes that soil microbes can generate stablizing process which promotes plant coexistance. However, recent studies show that soil microbes can also cause fitness difference between plant species which can influence species coexistance through equalizing process. Community ecologists predict that rare species have less negative or more positive PSF thant abundant species, thereby leading to negative correlations between plant landscape abundance and PSF. However, emperical evidence demonstrates inconsistent patterns such as negative, positive and neutral correlations, and coevolution of plants and soil pathogens is a key to reconcile these patterns. Soil microbes are also considered as a fundemental factor regulating succession. Dilution of soil microbial effects is a mechanism of positive plant diveristy-productivity relaitonships. Soil pathogens and mutualists accumulate in the soil of monocultures, but their negative and positive effects are diluted in multi-species mixtures, thereby increasing and decreasing biodiversity effects on productivity, respectively. We suggest three directions for future studies: emperical testing for specialization of plants and soil microbes, multi-dimensional species coexistence and eco-evolutionary dynamics in plant-soil feedbacks.

Key words: plant-soil feedback, species coexistence, community structure, ecosystem functioning, coevolution