极端干旱对陆地生态系统的影响: 进展与展望

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0317

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为地球表层重要的组成部分, 陆地生态系统是人类生存和发展的重要场所。进入21世纪以来, 气候变化导致干旱事件发生的强度、频度和持续时间显著增加, 对陆地生态系统带来深远的影响, 严重制约甚至威胁人类社会的可持续发展。因此, 开展极端干旱对陆地生态系统影响的研究并评估其生态风险效应, 是当前全球变化领域研究的重点问题。该文从植物生理生态过程、生物地球化学循环、生物多样性以及生态系统结构和功能4个方面综述了极端干旱对陆地生态系统的影响, 并对当前的研究热点进行探讨, 深度剖析当前研究中存在的难点问题和未来可能的发展方向, 以期为未来开展干旱对陆地生态系统影响的观测与预测研究提供参考, 为在未来干旱影响下加强陆地生态系统风险评估和管理提供新思路。

关键词: 碳饥饿, 极端干旱, 生物多样性, 生态系统生产力, 碳循环

Abstract:

As an important compartment of the Earthʼs surface, terrestrial ecosystems act as a vital harbor for human survival and development. Climate change significantly increased the frequency, intensity and duration of drought since the beginning of the 21st century, which have marked impact on ecosystems, leading to serious restriction or even threat on the sustainable development of human beings. Therefore, developing integrative research on effects of drought on terrestrial ecosystems and assessing the associated ecological risk are impressive in global change field. This study reviewed the effects of drought on plant physiological and ecological processes, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity, and ecosystem structure and functions in terrestrial ecosystems, and discussed current hotspot issues in this field as well as deeply analyzing the existing problems and the potential development direction. This study aims to provide some suggestions for the future observation, manipulative experiments, and modeling prediction on effects of drought on terrestrial ecosystems, and offer new insights to enhance risk assessment and management under drought.

Key words: carbon starvation, extreme drought, biodiversity, ecosystem productivity, carbon cycle

周贵尧, 周灵燕, 邵钧炯, 周旭辉. 极端干旱对陆地生态系统的影响: 进展与展望[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(5): 515-525.

ZHOU Gui-Yao, ZHOU Ling-Yan, SHAO Jun-Jiong, ZHOU Xu-Hui. Effects of extreme drought on terrestrial ecosystems: review and prospects[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(5): 515-525.

图/表 5

图1 干旱对生态系统影响研究的热点问题。

Fig. 1 Research hotspot issues of the effects of drought on ecosystems.

图2 干旱诱发的碳饥饿和水力失衡假说示意图。

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of carbon starvation and hydraulic imbalance hypothesis in response to drought.

图3 植物在持续干旱和复水过程中生理参数的响应曲线。

Fig. 3 Response curves of physiological parameters during continuous drought and rehydration.

图4 不同水热条件下的生物多样性。图片A到D分别由杨菁、周贵尧、陈志荣和刘慧颖提供。

Fig. 4 Biodiversity under different precipitation temperateness conditions. Photos from A to D were taken by YANG Jing, ZHOU Gui-Yao, CHEN Zhi-Rong and LIU Hui-Ying, respectively.

图5 干旱与其他生物和非生物因素对生态系统的综合效应及风险应对。

Fig. 5 Integrated effects and risks of drought and other biotic and abiotic factors on ecosystems.

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