极端干旱和降水对沙垄不同坡向坡位短命植物地上生产力的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0473

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (12): 1537-1550.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0473

极端干旱和降水对沙垄不同坡向坡位短命植物地上生产力的影响

臧永新¹, 马剑英²^,^*(), 周晓兵¹, 陶冶¹, 尹本丰¹, 沙亚古丽•及格尔¹^,³, 张元明¹^,^*()

¹荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室, 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011
²东北师范大学长白山地理过程与生态安全教育部重点实验室, 东北师范大学地理科学学院, 长春 130024
³新疆大学生命科学与技术学院, 新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2021-12-14 接受日期:2022-06-26 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2023-01-13
通讯作者: *马剑英(majy652@nenu.edu.cn);张元明(zhangym@ms.xjb.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41671207);国家自然科学基金(U2003214);国家自然科学基金(41901134);新疆维吾尔自治区“天池博士”计划(Y970000320)

Effects of extreme drought and extreme precipitation on aboveground productivity of ephemeral plants across different slope positions along sand dunes

ZANG Yong-Xin¹, MA Jian-Ying²^,^*(), ZHOU Xiao-Bing¹, TAO Ye¹, YIN Ben-Feng¹, Shayaguli JIGEER¹^,³, ZHANG Yuan-Ming¹^,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
²Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
³Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi 830046, China

Received:2021-12-14 Accepted:2022-06-26 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2023-01-13
Contact: *MA Jian-Ying(majy652@nenu.edu.cn); ZHANG Yuan-Ming(zhangym@ms.xjb.ac.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671207);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2003214);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901134);Xinjiang Tianchi Doctoral Talents Research Foundation(Y970000320)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来, 干旱半干旱区极端干旱和极端降水事件出现的频次呈现增加的趋势, 深刻影响着生产力和碳循环过程。荒漠生态系统植被对降水变化响应敏感, 但短命植物层片地上生产力对极端干旱和极端降水的敏感性差异以及沙垄坡向坡位在其中的调节作用有待研究。该研究选择古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沙垄4个不同坡向坡位(西坡底部、西坡中部、东坡中部、东坡底部), 设置连续2年减少和增加65%生长季降水量的野外原位控制实验来模拟极端干旱和极端降水事件, 解析了短命植物层片地上生产力对极端干旱和极端降水的敏感性, 探讨了坡向坡位因素的协同效应以及降水变化驱动短命植物层片地上生产力的机制。结果表明: (1)整体而言, 短命植物层片地上生产力和生长季降水量的关系是非对称的, 且地上生产力对极端干旱的敏感性强于极端降水。(2)具体而言, 沙垄西坡底部、西坡中部和东坡底部短命植物层片地上生产力和生长季降水量表现为非线性饱和关系, 地上生产力增加的幅度随着降水量的增加而降低; 沙垄东坡中部共优种的存在改变了短命植物层片地上生产力与生长季降水量的关系, 使两者表现为正线性关系。(3)短命植物层片密度(所有物种的种群密度之和)对地上生产力的影响最大, 表明极端干旱突破了短命植物生理死亡的阈值, 通过降低层片密度减少地上生产力; 极端降水则通过增加层片密度以克服分生组织的约束, 提高地上生产力。该研究可为极端气候事件频发背景下准确评估荒漠生态系统碳循环动态提供科学依据。

关键词: 净初级生产力, 短命植物, 极端干旱, 极端降水, 敏感性, 坡向坡位, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract:

Aims In recent years, the frequency of extreme drought and extreme precipitation events in arid and semi-arid regions is increasing, which has a profound impact on ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling. In desert ecosystems, vegetation is sensitive to precipitation changes, but the differences in sensitivity of aboveground productivity of ephemeral plants to extreme drought and extreme precipitation, and the moderating effect of slope positions on them need to be further studied.

Methods In this study, we experimentally reduced and increased precipitation amounts by 65% during two consecutive growing seasons in situ across four different slope positions (the bottom of the sand dune facing west (BW), the middle of the sand dune facing west (MW), the middle of the sand dune facing east (ME), and the bottom of the sand dune facing east (BE)) along sand dunes in the southern edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert. We analyzed the sensitivity of aboveground productivity of ephemeral plants to extreme drought and extreme precipitation, and discussed the synergistic effect of slope position factors and the driving mechanism of aboveground productivity of ephemeral plants.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) Overall, the relationship between aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of ephemeral plants and precipitation in growing season was asymmetric, and the ANPP was more sensitive to extreme drought than to extreme precipitation. (2) Specifically, the relationship between precipitation and ANPP of ephemeral plants at BW, MW, and BE were non-linear, i.e., the rate of increase in ANPP decreases with the increased precipitation; The existence of two dominant species in the middle of the sand dune facing east changed the relationship between aboveground productivity and precipitation in the growing season, and the relationship between them showed a positive linear relationship. (3) In addition, the density of ephemeral plants (the sum of all species density) had the greatest direct impact on aboveground productivity of ephemeral plants, suggesting that extreme drought resulted in physiological death of ephemeral plants and reduced aboveground productivity by reducing plant density, while extreme precipitation increased population density to overcome meristem constraints and improve aboveground productivity. This study provides a scientific basis for accurately assessing the dynamics of carbon cycle in desert ecosystems under the background of frequent extreme climate events.

Key words: net primary productivity, ephemeral plants, extreme drought, extreme precipitation, sensitivity, slope position, the Gurbantünggüt Desert

臧永新, 马剑英, 周晓兵, 陶冶, 尹本丰, 沙亚古丽•及格尔, 张元明. 极端干旱和降水对沙垄不同坡向坡位短命植物地上生产力的影响. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(12): 1537-1550. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0473

ZANG Yong-Xin, MA Jian-Ying, ZHOU Xiao-Bing, TAO Ye, YIN Ben-Feng, Shayaguli JIGEER, ZHANG Yuan-Ming. Effects of extreme drought and extreme precipitation on aboveground productivity of ephemeral plants across different slope positions along sand dunes. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(12): 1537-1550. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0473

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0473

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I12/1537

图/表 8

图1 研究区域和实验设计示意图。

Fig. 1 Study site and experimental design. BE, bottom of sand dune facing east; BW, bottom of sand dune facing west; ME, middle of sand dune facing east; MW, middle of sand dune facing west.

图2 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘近100年短命植物生长季降水量的概率分布(A)以及极端干旱和降水处理对沙垄不同坡向坡位生长季平均土壤含水量(B)(平均值±标准误)的影响。BE, 东坡底部; BW, 西坡底部; ME, 东坡中部; MW, 西坡中部。不同小写字母代表同一坡向坡位不同降水处理间有显著差异(p < 0.05); 不同大写字母代表同一降水处理不同坡向坡位间有显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Probability distribution of ephemeral plants growing season precipitation during the last 100 years for the southern edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert (A) and effects of extreme drought and precipitation treatments on mean growing season soil water content (B)(mean ± SE). BE, bottom of sand dune facing east; BW, bottom of sand dune facing west; ME, middle of sand dune facing east; MW, middle of sand dune facing west. Different lowercase letters indicates significant differences between precipitation treatments of same slope position (p < 0.05); different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different slope positions in the same precipitation treatment (p < 0.05).

表1 降水处理、沙垄不同坡向坡位、年份及其交互作用对土壤含水量和短命植物层片地上净初级生产力(ANPP)敏感性影响的广义线性混合模型

Table 1 Generalized linear mixed model results for the effects of precipitation change (P), sand dune slope positions (Sp), year (Y), and their interactive effects on soil water content (SWC) and sensitivity of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of ephemeral plants

效应 Effect	土壤含水量 SWC		ANPP敏感性 ANPP sensitivity
效应 Effect	df	F	df	F
降水处理 P	2	53.15^**	1	3.05
坡向坡位 Sp	3	5.54^*	3	1.31
年份 Y	1	49.59^**	1	8.53^**
降水处理×坡向坡位 P × Sp	6	43.65^**	3	0.52
降水处理×年 P × Y	2	0.38	1	0.22
坡向坡位×年 Sp × Y	3	1.75	3	0.48
降水处理×坡向坡位×年 P × Sp × Y	6	0.89	3	0.32

图3 沙垄不同坡向坡位短命植物层片地上净初级生产力(ANPP)对极端干旱和降水处理的敏感性(平均值±标准误)。

Fig. 3 Sensitivity of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of four sand dune slope positions to extreme drought and precipitation treatments (mean ± SE). BE, bottom of sand dune facing east; BW, bottom of sand dune facing west; ME, middle of sand dune facing east; MW, middle of sand dune facing west.

图4 研究区整体和沙垄不同坡向坡位短命植物层片地上净初级生产力(ANPP)与生长季降水量的关系(平均值±标准误)。

Fig. 4 Relationship between growing season precipitation and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of ephemeral plants in all and four sand dune slope positions (mean ± SE). BE, bottom of sand dune facing east; BW, bottom of sand dune facing west; ME, middle of sand dune facing east; MW, middle of sand dune facing west.

表2 研究区整体和沙垄不同坡向坡位短命植物层片地上净初级生产力(ANPP)与生长季降水量的拟合函数

Table 2 Fitting function of growing season precipitation and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in all and four sand dune slope positions

沙垄不同坡向坡位 Sand dune slope positions	拟合公式 Fitting function	R²	AIC
西坡底部 BW	y = 41.6 - 31.2exp(-(x - 39.8)/81.3)	0.98	4.47
西坡底部 BW	y = 6.79 + 0.28x	0.93	5.76
西坡中部 MW	y = 30.6 - 22.7exp(-(x - 20.0)/55.5)	0.94	6.83
西坡中部 MW	y = 2.04 + 0.23x	0.90	12.98
东坡中部 ME	y = 46.1 - 24.4exp(-(x - 26.3)/57.5)	0.86	10.32
东坡中部 ME	y = 14.8 + 0.25x	0.95	9.25
东坡底部 BE	y = 70.5 - 39.7exp(-(x - 91.9)/218.0)	0.86	5.53
东坡底部 BE	y = 11.86 + 0.17x	0.78	6.75
全部 All	y = 51.4 - 31.8exp(-(x - 20.1)/81.3)	0.71	68.91
全部 All	y = 10.7 + 0.2x	0.44	78.70

图5 沙垄东坡中部不同降水处理条件下尖喙牻牛儿苗和琉苞菊的地上净初级生产力(ANPP)(A)以及所占优势物种地上生产力的比例(B)(平均值±标准误)。*表示尖喙牻牛儿苗和琉苞菊ANPP有显著差异。

Fig. 5 Effects of precipitation treatments on the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of dominant species Erodium oxyrhinchum and Centaurea pulchella (A) and its percentage of ANPP (B) in the middle of sand dune facing east (mean ± SE). * indicates significant differences (p < 0.05) between the ANPP of E. oxyrhinchum and C. pulchella.

图6 沙垄不同坡向坡土壤含水量对短命植物层片地上净初级生产力(ANPP)影响的结构方程模型。结构方程模型考虑了短命植物层片结构影响ANPP的所有可能途径。实线表示正效应, 虚线表示负效应。线条的粗细与影响强度成正比关系。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。RMSEA, 近似误差均方根。R2表示模型中各因变量方差所占的比例。

Fig. 6 A structural equation model (SEM) representing the effects of soil water content (SWC) on above-ground net primary production (ANPP) in all and four sand dune slope positions. The SEM considered all plausible pathways through which plant traits influence ANPP. Solid lines represent the positive paths, dashed lines indicate negative paths. Line width is proportional to the strength of the relationship. BE, bottom of sand dune facing east; BW, bottom of sand dune facing west; ME, middle of sand dune facing east; MW, middle of sand dune facing west. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01. RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation. R2 represents the proportion of the variance for each dependent variable in the model.

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极端干旱和降水对沙垄不同坡向坡位短命植物地上生产力的影响

Effects of extreme drought and extreme precipitation on aboveground productivity of ephemeral plants across different slope positions along sand dunes

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