鄂西南亚高山不同覆被类型泥炭藓沼泽湿地甲烷排放特征及其环境影响因子

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0292

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沼泽湿地是大气甲烷(CH₄)的重要来源, 但有关亚热带亚高山沼泽湿地CH₄排放的研究却鲜有报道, 特别是对不同覆被类型泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄排放量的精确估算及其与环境因子的关系尚不清楚。该研究选择鄂西南亚高山泥炭藓沼泽湿地为研究区域, 于2018年11月-2019年10月间, 使用静态箱-气相色谱仪法原位测定3种覆被类型泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄通量, 同步记录大气和地下5 cm土壤的温度以及地下水位变化。结果表明: (1)光照下, 裸露地(B)、泥炭藓(Sphagnum paluster)(S)、金发藓(Polytrichum commune)(P) 3种覆被类型泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄-C通量全年变化范围分别为: 0.012-1.372、0.022-1.474、0.027-3.385 mg·m^-2·h^-1; 遮光处理下, B、S、P 3种覆被类型泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄-C通量的全年变化范围分别为: 0.012-1.372、0.009-1.839、0.017-2.484 mg·m^-2·h^-1, 均为CH₄排放源。同时, 光照条件下不同覆被泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄排放量略大于黑暗条件, 但差异不明显。(2)不同覆被类型泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄排放存在明显的季节变化规律, 即: 夏季>秋季>春季>冬季, 其中夏季CH₄排放量显著大于其他季节, 占全年的57%-84%。该研究发现泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄通量均与气温和地下5 cm土壤温度极显著相关, 且CH₄排放量随温度升高呈指数增加, 表明温度是影响泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄排放时间变化的主要环境因子。(3) 3种覆被类型泥炭藓沼泽湿地的年平均和年累计CH₄排放量均依次为: P > S > B, P显著大于B。该研究发现植被类型与泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄排放量存在显著相关性, 表明覆被类型是影响泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄排放量空间变异的主要因子。(4) 3种覆被类型泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄排放量均与地下水位变化不相关。该研究进一步丰富了泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH₄排放规律, 同时也为区域碳循环提供了详实的基础数据。

关键词: 亚热带, 植被类型, 沼泽湿地, 甲烷排放

Abstract:

Aims Wetlands are important sources of atmospheric methane (CH₄), but there are few reports on the CH₄ emissions of subtropical and subalpine wetlands. In particular, the accurate estimation of CH₄ emissions from plots with different types of plant cover and the controlling environmental factors are not clear. The objective of this study is to study characteristics and influencing factors of CH₄ emission fluxes from a Sphagnum bog with different plant cover types in a subalpine area, southwest of Hubei Province.
Methods A Sphagnum bog in the subalpine area in southwest of Hubei Province was selected, and CH₄emission fluxes were measured in the Sphagnum bog with three types of plant cover using closed static chamber and gas chromatography method from November 2018 to October 2019. Simultaneously, air temperature, soil temperature of 5 cm depth, and groundwater level were recorded.
Important findings (1) Under sunlight, the CH₄-C fluxes from the bare land plot (B), the Sphagnum paluster plot (S), and the Polytrichum commune plot (P) varied throughout the year within the following ranges: 0.012- 1.372, 0.022-1.474 and 0.027-3.385 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively; under shading treatment, the variation range of CH₄-C flux throughout the year from B, S and P plots were 0.012-1.372, 0.009-1.839 and 0.017-2.484 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively, indicating CH₄emission sources for all types. At the same time, for all plant cover types, CH₄ emissions under sunlight conditions were slightly higher than those under dark conditions, but the difference was not significant. (2) For all plant cover types, CH₄ emissions showed obvious seasonal variations, with the order of summer > autumn > spring > winter; and summer emissions were significantly greater than emissions in other seasons, accounting for about 57% to 84% of the annual cumulative flux. This study found that the flux of CH₄ emission was highly related to air temperature and soil temperature of 5 cm depth showing exponential relationships, which indicated that temperature is the main environment factor affecting the temporal variations of CH₄ emission from the Sphagnum bog. (3) Plant cover types significantly affected CH₄ emissions from theSphagnum bog. The annual average and cumulative CH₄ emissions from the three cover types were in the order of: P > S > B. P plot showed significantly higher emission than B plot. This study found a significant correlation between vegetation types and CH₄ emissions, indicating that plant cover type is the main influencing factor of the spatial variations of CH₄ emissions from the Sphagnum bog. (4) CH₄ emissions were not significantly related to the groundwater levels. This study further enriched the mechanisms of CH₄ emission in the Sphagnum bog and provided basic data for regional carbon cycling.

Key words: subtropical, vegetation type, marshland, methane emission

牟利, 吴林, 刘雪飞, 李小玲, 王涵, 吴浩, 余玉蓉, 杜胜蓝. 鄂西南亚高山不同覆被类型泥炭藓沼泽湿地甲烷排放特征及其环境影响因子. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(2): 131-143. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0292

MOU Li, WU Lin, LIU Xue-Fei, LI Xiao-Ling, WANG Han, WU Hao, YU Yu-Rong, DU Sheng-Lan. Characteristics and environmental factors controlling methane emission from a Sphagnum bog with different plant cover types in a subalpine area, southwest of Hubei, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(2): 131-143. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0292

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0292

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I2/131

图/表 10

图1 泥炭藓沼泽地3种覆被类型分布模式图。

Fig. 1 Distribution patterns of three cover types in the studied Sphagnum bog.

图2 泥炭藓沼泽湿地甲烷(CH4)排放通量日变化(平均值+标准误)。▲, 裸露样地; ■, 泥炭藓覆被样地; ●, 金发藓覆被样地。线性图表示5 cm土壤温度, 点线图表示CH4通量, 柱状图表示气温。*表示同一测定时间不同覆被类型间差异显著(p < 0.05), **表示同一测定时间不同覆被类型间差异极显著(p < 0.01)。

Fig. 2 Diurnal changes of methane (CH4) emission fluxes in the Sphagnum bog (mean + SE). ▲, bare land plot; ■, Sphagnum paluster plot; ●, Polytrichum commune plot. The lines represent soil temperature at 5 cm depth, the lines with points represent CH4 emission fluxes, the bars represent air temperature. * represents a significant difference among the three cover types at the same time (p < 0.05), ** represents a significant difference among the three cover types at the same time (p < 0.01).

表1 植被类型、季节及其交互作用对泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH4排放通量影响的重复测量方差分析结果

Table 1 Results of repeated measures ANOVAs on the effects of vegetation type, season, and their interactions on methane emission fluxes of the Sphagnum bog

方差来源 Source of variance	自由度 df	光照 Light			黑暗 Dark
方差来源 Source of variance	自由度 df	均方根 Mean square	F	p	均方根 Mean square	F	p
季节 Season	3	9.33	39.99	<0.01	4.55	39.67	<0.01
植被类型 Vegetation type	2	1.12	8.97	0.022	0.36	60.53	0.003 8
季节×植被类型 Season × Vegetation type	6	0.42	1.80	0.17	0.11	0.92	0.523

图3 泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH4排放通量季节变化(平均值±标准误)。B, 裸露样地; P, 金发藓覆被样地; S, 泥炭藓覆被样地。不同大写字母表示同一覆被类型不同季节差异极显著(p < 0.01); 不同小写字母表示不同覆被类型间差异显著(p < 0.05)。*表示同一季节不同覆被类型差异显著(p < 0.05); **表示同一季节不同覆被类型差异极显著(p < 0.01)。

Fig. 3 Seasonal changes in methane emission fluxes in the Sphagnum bog (mean ± SE). B, bare land plot; P, Polytrichum commune plot; S, Sphagnum paluster plot. Different uppercase letters indicate significant difference among the same cover type in different seasons (p < 0.01); different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among the annual methane emissions of three cover types (p < 0.05). * represents a significant difference among the three cover types at the same season (p < 0.05); ** represents a significant difference among the three cover types at the same season (p < 0.01).

图4 泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH4排放通量与气温的关系。B, 裸露样地; P, 金发藓覆被样地; S, 泥炭藓覆被样地。

Fig. 4 Relationship between methane emission fluxes and air temperature in the Sphagnum bog. B, bare land plot; P, Polytrichum commune plot; S, Sphagnum paluster plot.

图5 泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH4排放通量与土壤温度的关系。B, 裸露样地; P, 金发藓覆被样地; S, 泥炭藓覆被样地。

Fig. 5 Relationship between methane emission fluxes and soil temperature of 5 cm depth in the Sphagnum bog. B, bare land plot; P, Polytrichum commune plot; S, Sphagnum paluster plot.

图6 泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH4排放通量与地下水位的关系。B, 裸露样地; P, 金发藓覆被样地; S, 泥炭藓覆被样地。

Fig. 6 Relationship between methane emission fluxes and water table in the Sphagnum bog. B, bare land plot; P, Polytrichum commune plot; S, Sphagnum paluster plot.

图7 不同地区泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH4排放通量示意图。本综合示意图是根据Nykanen et al.(1998), Beetz et al.(2013), Hanson et al.(2016)及本研究测定的CH4排放绘制的。

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of methane emission flux of the Sphagnum bog in different regions. This comprehensive diagram is based on methane emission flux measured by Nykanen et al.(1998), Beetz et al.(2013), Hanson et al.(2016) and this study.

表2 不同地区泥炭藓沼泽湿地CH4-C排放对比

Table 2 CH4-C emission fluxes from the Sphagnum bog in different regions

研究区 Study area	沼泽类型 Wetland type	研究方法 Research method	排放区间 Emission range (mg·m^-1·h^-1)	年总排放量 Total annual emissions (g·m^-1·a^-1)	参考文献 Reference
芬兰 Finland	雨养泥炭沼泽 Bog	静态箱 Static chamber	0.038-1.403	3.3	Nyk?nenet al., 1998
芬兰 Finland	矿养泥炭沼泽 Fen	静态箱 Static chamber	0.013-16.016	11.4	Nyk?nenet al., 1998
中国神农架 Shennongjia, China	雨养泥炭沼泽 Bog	涡度相关 Eddy covariance	-0.337-1.340	4.2	Chen et al., 2020
中国鄂西南 Southwest Hubei, China	雨养泥炭沼泽 Bog	静态箱 Static chamber	0.022-1.474	3.4	本研究 This study

图8 不同覆被类型泥炭藓沼泽地平均CH4排放量。B, 裸露样地; P, 金发藓覆被样地; S, 泥炭藓覆被样地。

Fig. 8 Average methane emission fluxes from different cover types of the Sphagnum bogs. B, bare land plot; P, Polytrichum commune plot; S, Sphagnum paluster plot.

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