滇西北藜麦氮磷钾生态化学计量特征的物候期动态

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0226

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)是植物生长发育的关键元素, 探明N、P、K生态化学计量特征的物候期动态有助于更好地理解植物生长过程中养分限制、资源吸收利用及生物量分配等生理生态过程。该研究以滇西北地区大田栽培藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa)为研究对象, 采用田间观测、取样和室内实验相结合的方法, 分析了藜麦根、茎、叶片和穗N、P、K含量及其计量比在生长显穗期、开花期、灌浆期和成熟期之间的差异, 及与各器官生物量分配比的相关性。结果显示: (1)藜麦根、茎、叶片、穗N含量分别为9.28、12.22、33.68、31.28 mg·g^-1, P含量为2.64、3.71、4.98、5.68 mg·g^-1, K含量为25.63、43.80、74.08、56.73 mg·g^-1, N:P为4.66、4.20、7.37、5.70, N:K为0.39、0.31、0.46、0.62, K:P为13.77、14.31、16.82、9.79。(2)藜麦根、茎、穗N、P、K含量及叶片N、P含量均随物候期的推移显著下降, 体现出明显的物候期稀释效应。相反, 藜麦叶片K含量随着生长进程显著升高, 可能表明干旱胁迫下藜麦极强的抗旱机制。藜麦根和茎中N、P、K分配比及生物量分配比相对稳定, 而叶片中分配比均在开花期最高而后显著下降, 穗中分配比随物候期推移显著上升并在成熟期达到最高值, 表明藜麦开花期叶片和穗发生关键的资源分配调节, 进入灌浆期营养元素逐渐向穗中转移, 生物量显著提高。(3)变异来源分析表明, 器官对藜麦N、K含量及N:P变异的贡献大于物候期变化, 而物候期对藜麦P含量变化的贡献大于器官间的差异。(4)藜麦各器官间N、P、K分配比和生物量分配比存在紧密耦合, 具体为藜麦根和叶片生物量分配比与根和叶片N、P、K分配比均呈显著正相关关系, 与穗N、P、K分配比呈显著负相关关系; 穗生物量分配比仅与穗N、P、K分配比呈显著正相关关系, 与根和叶片N、P、K分配比均呈显著负相关关系。

关键词: 生态化学计量学, 物候期, 藜麦, 滇西北

Abstract:

Ams Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are key elements for plant growth and development. Exploring the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of N, P and K in different phenological stages is of great significance for understanding the physio-ecological processes such as nutrient limitation, resource absorption and utilization, and biomass allocation of plants.
Methods Here, we collected root, stem, leaf and spike samples of Chenopodium quinoa in different phenological stages, and measured the concentrations of N, P and K. We compared the differences of N, P, K contents and their ratios among roots, stems, leaves and spikes and among phenological stages, and analyzed their relationships with the biomass allocations.
Important findings (1) The mean N contents was 9.28, 12.22, 33.68, 31.28 mg·g^-1in the roots, stems, leaves and spikes, respectively. The breakdowns was 2.64, 3.71, 4.98, 5.68 mg·g^-1 for P contents, and 25.63, 43.80, 74.08, 56.73 mg·g^-1 for K contents, respectively. These resulted in mean N:P of 4.66, 4.20, 7.37, 5.70, N:K of 0.39, 0.31, 0.46, 0.62, and K:P of 13.77, 14.31, 16.82, 9.79 in the roots, stems, leaves and spikes, respectively. (2) The root, stem, and spike N, P and K and the leaf N and P contents decreased significantly with the phenological subsequences, reflecting the obvious dilution effect of biomass. On the contrary, the leaf K contents increased significantly with phenological subsequences, indicating an extremely strong drought resistance mechanism of C. quinoa under drought stress. The allocation ratios of N, P, K and biomass in the roots and stems kept stable, those in the leaves decreased, while those in the spikes increased with the phenological subsequences, indicating that the key resource allocation regulation of leaves and spikes occurred during the flowering stage. As the biomass increased in the filling stage, the nutrient elements gradually transferred to the spikes. (3) The variation source analysis revealed a greater contribution of organs to the variance of N, K contents and N:P, while a less one to the variance of P contents, than the phenological stages. (4) The allocation ratios of N, P, K and biomass were coupled among various organs. Specifically, the allocation ratios of root and leaf biomass showed a positive correlation with those of the root and leaf N, P and K, while a negative correlation with those of the spike N, P and K. The biomass allocation ratio of spike was positively correlated with spike N, P and K allocation ratios, while negatively correlated with root and leaf N, P and K allocation ratios. These results provided theoretical reference for further understanding of crop phenological character and guiding practical production in alpine regions.

Key words: ecological stoichiometry, phenological stage, Chenopodium quinoa, northwestern Yunnan of China

李兆光, 文高, 和桂青, 徐天才, 和琼姬, 侯志江, 李燕, 薛润光. 滇西北藜麦氮磷钾生态化学计量特征的物候期动态. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(5): 724-732. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0226

LI Zhao-Guang, YANG Wen-Gao, HE Gui-Qing, XU Tian-Cai, HE Qiong-Ji, HOU Zhi-Jiang, LI Yan, XUE Run-Guang. Phenological dynamics of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium stoichiometry in Chenopodium quinoa in northwest Yunnan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(5): 724-732. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0226

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0226

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I5/724

图/表 6

图1 不同物候期藜麦氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量特征(平均值±标准误)。不同大写和小写字母分别表示不同器官在相同物候期和相同器官在不同物候期之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents in Chenopodium quinoa at different phenological stages (mean ± SE). Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate that different organs are significantly different in the same phenological stage and the same organs are significantly different in different phenological stages (p < 0.05), respectively.

图2 不同物候期藜麦氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量比值特征(平均值±标准误)。不同大写和小写字母分别表示不同器官在相同物候期和相同器官在不同物候期之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents ratios in Chenopodium quinoa at different phenological stages (mean ± SE). Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate that different organs are significantly different in the same phenological stage and the same organs are significantly different in different phenological stages (p < 0.05), respectively.

图3 不同物候期藜麦氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)分配比的变化(平均值±标准误)。不同大写和小写字母分别表示不同器官在相同物候期和相同器官在不同物候期之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) allocation ratios in Chenopodium quinoa at different phenological stages (mean ± SE). Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate that different organs are significantly different in the same phenological stage and the same organs are significantly different in different phenological stages (p < 0.05), respectively.

图4 不同物候期藜麦生物量分配比的变化(平均值±标准误)。不同大写和小写字母分别表示不同器官在相同物候期和相同器官在不同物候期之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Biomass allocation ratios in Chenopodium quinoa at different phenological stages (mean ± SE). Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate that different organs are significantly different in the same phenological stage and the same organs are significantly different in different phenological stages (p < 0.05), respectively.

表1 藜麦器官氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)分配比与其生物量分配比的相关性

Table 1 Pearson correlation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and biomass allocation ratios in Chenopodium quinoa

器官 Organ	元素 Element	生物量分配比 Biomass allocation ratios (%)
器官 Organ	元素 Element	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Spike
根 Root	N	0.815^**	0.065	0.650^*	-0.784^**
	P	0.770^**	0.279	0.512	-0.704^*
	K	0.601^*	0.451	0.243	-0.471
茎 Stem	N	0.408	0.711^**	-0.139	-0.158
	P	0.805^**	0.182	0.616^*	-0.779^**
	K	0.107	-0.119	0.096	-0.084
叶 Leaf	N	0.612^*	-0.412	0.994^**	-0.904^**
	P	0.685^*	-0.315	0.965^**	-0.922^**
	K	0.650^*	-0.289	0.969^**	-0.921^**
穗 Spike	N	-0.829^**	0.065	-0.924^**	0.985^**
	P	-0.896^**	0.008	-0.886^**	0.986^**
	K	-0.741^**	0.145	-0.872^**	0.900^**

表2 藜麦氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量及其比值的变异来源分析

Table 2 Variation source analysis of contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and their ratios in Chenopodium quinoa

因素 Factor	项目 Item	df	F	p
器官 Organ	N	3	305.65	<0.001
	P	3	25.04	<0.001
	K	3	89.91	<0.001
	N:P	3	9.08	<0.001
	N:K	3	14.78	<0.001
	K:P	3	2.39	0.09
物候期 Phenological stage	N	3	24.44	<0.001
	P	3	39.93	<0.001
	K	3	23.15	<0.001
	N:P	3	7.45	<0.001
	N:K	3	1.50	0.23
	K:P	3	2.39	0.09
交互作用 Interaction	N	9	3.55	<0.001
	P	9	1.14	0.36
	K	9	12.21	<0.001
	N:P	9	2.04	0.07
	N:K	9	3.62	<0.001
	K:P	9	1.82	0.10

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