Seasonal dynamics of leaf C, N and P stoichiometry in plants of typical steppe in Nei Mongol, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0105

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Exploring the seasonal dynamics in leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics will enhance our understanding about physiological and ecological processes such as plant growth and development and nutrient uptake and utilization as well as dynamic equilibrium relationship among plant stoichiometry.
Methods Here, we collected leaf samples of 18 dominant plant species semimonthly through growing season (i.e. from June 2nd to Sept. 2nd) from a long-term fenced site in a typical steppe in Xilinhot of Nei Mongol, China. Leaf C, N and P concentrations were measured. Seasonal changes in leaf C, N and P concentrations and their ratios were explored and their differences between different species groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The relationships between leaf C, N and P concentrations and their ratios were analyzed using correlation analysis. Lastly, the allometric relationships between the concentrations of different elements were analyzed using Standardized Major Axis.
Important findings Seasonal trends in leaf C, N and P concentrations and their ratios were not consistent with each other and also differed between different functional groups. Specifically, the variation of leaf N and P concentrations for all functional groups showed obvious dilution effect. Monocotyledons and perennial grasses had lower leaf N and P concentrations but much higher leaf C:N and C:P mass ratio than dicotyledons and perennial forbs, respectively. Leaf N concentration was positively correlated with leaf P concentration while leaf C:N and C:P mass ratios were negatively correlated with leaf N and P concentrations respectively, indicating the internal coupling mechanism between nutrient elements in plants. Allometric analyses showed that leaf N concentration and C:N mass ratio, leaf P concentration and C:P mass ratio as well as leaf N and P concentrations all maintained the same growth rate respectively among species through most time of growing season.

Key words: seasonal dynamic, stoichiometry, allometry, leaf, typical steppe

XIONG Xing-Shuo, CAI Hong-Yu, LI Yao-Qi, MA Wen-Hong, NIU Ke-Chang, CHEN Di-Ma, LIU Na-Na, SU Xiang-Yan, JING He-Ying, FENG Xiao-Juan, ZENG Hui, WANG Zhi-Heng. Seasonal dynamics of leaf C, N and P stoichiometry in plants of typical steppe in Nei Mongol, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2020, 44(11): 1138-1153.

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References 77

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物种 Species	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	生活型 Life form	6月 June	7月 July	8月 Aug.	9月 Sept.
羽茅 Achnatherum sibiricum	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	A	A	B, C	D
长柱沙参 Adenophora stenanthina	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A	A, B	B	B, C
冰草 Agropyron cristatum	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	A	B, C	D	D, E
矮韭 Allium anisopodium	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A, B	C	D	D
黄花葱 Allium condensatum	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A, B	C	D	D
山韭 Allium senescens	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A, B	C	D	D
细叶韭 Allium tenuissimum	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A, B	C	D	D
小叶锦鸡儿 Caragana microphylla	双子叶 Dicotyledons	-	B	C	C	D
糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	A	A	B, C, D	D, E
狗娃花 Aster hispidus	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	B, C	C	C, D	D, E
木地肤 Kochia prostrata	双子叶 Dicotyledons	-	A	B, C	C, D	D, E
[艹/洽]草 Koeleria macrantha	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	B, C	D	D	D, E
羊草 Leymus chinensis	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	A	B, C	C, D	D, E
裂叶荆芥 Nepeta tenuifolia	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A	B, C	C	D
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A, B	B, C	C, D	D, E
麻花头 Klasea centauroides	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	B, C	C	C, D	D
大针茅 Stipa grandis	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	A	A	B, C	C, D
展枝唐松草 Thalictrum squarrosum	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A	B, C	C	D

物种 Species	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	生活型 Life form	6月 June	7月 July	8月 Aug.	9月 Sept.
羽茅 Achnatherum sibiricum	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	A	A	B, C	D
长柱沙参 Adenophora stenanthina	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A	A, B	B	B, C
冰草 Agropyron cristatum	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	A	B, C	D	D, E
矮韭 Allium anisopodium	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A, B	C	D	D
黄花葱 Allium condensatum	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A, B	C	D	D
山韭 Allium senescens	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A, B	C	D	D
细叶韭 Allium tenuissimum	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A, B	C	D	D
小叶锦鸡儿 Caragana microphylla	双子叶 Dicotyledons	-	B	C	C	D
糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	A	A	B, C, D	D, E
狗娃花 Aster hispidus	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	B, C	C	C, D	D, E
木地肤 Kochia prostrata	双子叶 Dicotyledons	-	A	B, C	C, D	D, E
[艹/洽]草 Koeleria macrantha	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	B, C	D	D	D, E
羊草 Leymus chinensis	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	A	B, C	C, D	D, E
裂叶荆芥 Nepeta tenuifolia	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A	B, C	C	D
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A, B	B, C	C, D	D, E
麻花头 Klasea centauroides	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	B, C	C	C, D	D
大针茅 Stipa grandis	单子叶 Monocotyledons	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	A	A	B, C	C, D
展枝唐松草 Thalictrum squarrosum	双子叶 Dicotyledons	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	A	B, C	C	D

		功能类群 Functional group	样本数 Sample number	平均值 Mean	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	标准偏差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
碳含量 C concentration (mg·g^-1)	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	431.87^a	391.36	468.83	18.2	0.04
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	435.43^a	369.88	474.75	21.03	0.05
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	443.66^a	413.25	468.83	11.36	0.03
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	429.13^b	390.53	474.75	19.89	0.05
	全部 All		126	433.45	369.88	474.75	19.51	0.05
氮含量 N concentration (mg·g^-1)	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	24.69^b	15.30	48.14	6.35	0.26
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	32.33^a	20.90	53.79	8.29	0.26
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	23.50^b	15.30	35.25	5.13	0.22
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	29.85^a	17.00	53.79	8.42	0.28
	全部 All		126	28.08	15.30	53.79	8.19	0.29
磷含量 P concentration (mg·g^-1)	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	1.41^b	0.80	3.09	0.44	0.31
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	1.75^a	1.04	3.60	0.49	0.28
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	1.22^b	0.80	1.99	0.25	0.20
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	1.75^a	1.08	3.60	0.51	0.29
	全部 All		126	1.56	0.80	3.60	0.49	0.31
C:N	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	18.55^a	8.48	30.23	4.43	0.24
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	14.32^b	8.33	21.85	3.59	0.25
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	19.76^a	12.36	30.23	4.28	0.22
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	15.44^b	8.33	23.09	3.99	0.26
	全部 All		126	16.67	8.33	30.23	4.58	0.27
C:P	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	330.93^a	130.66	573.06	91.16	0.28
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	267.19^b	118.13	423.14	70.72	0.26
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	378.07^a	218.89	573.06	74.78	0.20
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	262.79^b	118.13	423.14	68.44	0.26
	全部 All		126	302.60	118.13	573.06	88.31	0.29
N:P	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	17.95^a	12.81	29.33	3.52	0.20
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	18.78^a	13.76	26.99	2.80	0.15
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	19.50^a	14.26	29.33	3.59	0.18
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	17.16^b	12.81	23.62	2.34	0.14
	全部 All		126	18.32	12.81	29.33	3.24	0.18

		功能类群 Functional group	样本数 Sample number	平均值 Mean	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	标准偏差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
碳含量 C concentration (mg·g^-1)	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	431.87^a	391.36	468.83	18.2	0.04
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	435.43^a	369.88	474.75	21.03	0.05
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	443.66^a	413.25	468.83	11.36	0.03
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	429.13^b	390.53	474.75	19.89	0.05
	全部 All		126	433.45	369.88	474.75	19.51	0.05
氮含量 N concentration (mg·g^-1)	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	24.69^b	15.30	48.14	6.35	0.26
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	32.33^a	20.90	53.79	8.29	0.26
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	23.50^b	15.30	35.25	5.13	0.22
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	29.85^a	17.00	53.79	8.42	0.28
	全部 All		126	28.08	15.30	53.79	8.19	0.29
磷含量 P concentration (mg·g^-1)	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	1.41^b	0.80	3.09	0.44	0.31
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	1.75^a	1.04	3.60	0.49	0.28
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	1.22^b	0.80	1.99	0.25	0.20
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	1.75^a	1.08	3.60	0.51	0.29
	全部 All		126	1.56	0.80	3.60	0.49	0.31
C:N	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	18.55^a	8.48	30.23	4.43	0.24
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	14.32^b	8.33	21.85	3.59	0.25
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	19.76^a	12.36	30.23	4.28	0.22
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	15.44^b	8.33	23.09	3.99	0.26
	全部 All		126	16.67	8.33	30.23	4.58	0.27
C:P	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	330.93^a	130.66	573.06	91.16	0.28
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	267.19^b	118.13	423.14	70.72	0.26
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	378.07^a	218.89	573.06	74.78	0.20
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	262.79^b	118.13	423.14	68.44	0.26
	全部 All		126	302.60	118.13	573.06	88.31	0.29
N:P	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	单子叶 Monocotyledons	70	17.95^a	12.81	29.33	3.52	0.20
	发育类群 Phylogenetic group	双子叶 Dicotyledons	56	18.78^a	13.76	26.99	2.80	0.15
	生活型 Life form	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	42	19.50^a	14.26	29.33	3.59	0.18
	生活型 Life form	多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs	70	17.16^b	12.81	23.62	2.34	0.14
	全部 All		126	18.32	12.81	29.33	3.24	0.18

组别 Group	C:N-N			C:P-P			P-N
组别 Group	斜率 Slope	R²	p	斜率 Slope	R²	p	斜率 Slope	R²	p
06-02	-1.04 (-1.16, -0.93)	0.96	<0.001	-1.04 (-1.11, -0.97)	0.99	<0.001	1.68 (1.26, 2.23)	0.70	<0.001
06-17	-1.00 (-1.10, -0.90)	0.96	<0.001	-1.03 (-1.12, -0.95)	0.97	<0.001	1.16 (0.87, 1.53)	0.71	<0.001
07-02	-0.95 (-1.03, -0.88)	0.98	<0.001	-0.98 (-1.06, -0.90)	0.97	<0.001	0.98 (0.72, 1.32)	0.67	<0.001
07-17	-0.97 (-1.07, -0.87)	0.96	<0.001	-1.05 (-1.15, -0.96)	0.97	<0.001	0.97 (0.68, 1.38)	0.54	<0.001
08-02	-0.97 (-1.05, -0.89)	0.98	<0.001	-1.02 (-1.12, -0.93)	0.97	<0.001	0.90 (0.65, 1.24)	0.62	<0.001
08-17	-1.03 (-1.17, -0.90)	0.94	<0.001	-1.10 (-1.23, -0.98)	0.95	<0.001	1.08 (0.76, 1.54)	0.54	<0.001
09-02	-1.03 (-1.13, -0.93)	0.97	<0.001	-1.08 (-1.16, -1.01)	0.98	<0.001	1.13 (0.80, 1.60)	0.55	<0.001
	共同斜率 Common slope	斜率异质性 Heterogeneity of slopes		共同斜率 Common slope	斜率异质性 Heterogeneity of slopes		共同斜率 Common slope	斜率异质性 Heterogeneity of slopes
全部 All	-0.99 (-1.03, -0.95)	p = 0.77		-1.04 (-1.07, -1.01)	p = 0.58		1.11 (0.97, 1.26)	p = 0.10