Leaf anatomical changes of Cleistogenes songorica under long-term grazing with different intensities in a desert steppe

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0018

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Physiological responses at the leaf level are determined by anatomical structure. Quantitative analysis of the responses of leaf anatomy to grazing in desert steppe is of great theoretical implications to reveal the ecological adaptation mechanism of plants to harsh environment.

Methods We measured 13 anatomical indices for leaves of Cleistogenes songorica, a dominant species in desert steppe under different grazing intensities, including control (CK), lightly grazing (LG), moderately grazing (MG), and heavy grazing (HG). Many indices measured were related to photosynthesis, including protective tissue, vascular tissue, and Kranz structure area. Comparative analysis for all the indices was made among different grazing intensities.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) cuticle thickness, as well as the ratio of cuticle thickness to leaf thickness first decreased and then increased with increasing grazing intensity. The thickness of motor cells decreases first and then increases with the increase of grazing intensity, compared with control and moderately heavy grazing areas, the thickness of motor cells in lightly grazing areas significantly decreased. (2) In terms of vascular tissue, the area of vascular bundle, vessel area, and phloem area were firstly increased and then decreased with the increases of grazing intensity. xylem area first decreased and then increased with the increases of grazing intensity. In terms of vascular tissue proportion, the ratio of xylem to vascular bundle area increased with the increases of grazing intensity, while the ratio between dominant vessel to vascular bundle area decreased with the increases of grazing intensity. The phloem area increased first and then decreased with the increases of grazing intensity. Compared with the control, phloem area significantly decreased in the three grazing treatments. (3) The area of Kranz structure increased with the increases of grazing intensity. Compared with that in the control, the area of Kranz structure was significantly increased in the three grazing treatments.

Key words: desert steppe, long-term grazing, grazing intensity, leaf anatomical structure, Cleistogenes songorica

SACHURA , ZHANG Xia, ZHU Lin, KANG Saruul. Leaf anatomical changes of Cleistogenes songorica under long-term grazing with different intensities in a desert steppe[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(3): 331-340.

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Figures/Tables 5

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组织类型 Tissue type	生态学含义 Ecological implication	测量指标 Measurement index
保护组织 Protective tissue	存在于植物体表、由一层或数层细胞构成, 具有防止水分过度蒸腾, 抵抗外界风雨和病虫害侵入等作用的一种组织 A tissue on the surface of a plant consisting of one or more layers of cells that prevents excessive transpiration of water and resists the invasion of wind, rain, pests and diseases	角质层厚度 Cuticle thickness (μm)
保护组织 Protective tissue		角质层占中脉区叶片厚度比例 Proportion of cuticle to leaf thickness in midrib area (%)
维管组织 Vascular tissue	由木质部和韧皮部组成的输导水分和营养物质, 并有一定支持功能的植物组织 A plant tissue consisting of xylem and phloem that carries water and nutrients and has certain supporting functions	维管束面积 Vascular bundle area (μm)
		木质部面积 Xylem area (μm)
		韧皮部面积 Phloem area (μm)
		中脉厚度 Midrib thickness (μm)
		导管面积 Vessel area (μm)
		泡状细胞厚度 Motor cell thickness (μm)
		导管占木质部面积比例 Proportion of xylem area in ducts (%)
		主导管占主脉维管束面积比例 Proportion of dominant vessel area in main vascular bundle (%)
		木质部占维管束面积比例 Proportion of xylem to vascular bundle area (%)
		木质部和韧皮部面积比 Area ratio of xylem to phloem (%)
其他 Others	植物叶脉的维管束鞘细胞和外围一圈较大型叶肉细胞共同形成的环形结构, 这种典型的光合器官能充分利用环境中较低浓度的CO₂进行光合作用 The vascular sheath cells and the larger mesophyll cells in the periphery of the leaf vein form a ring structure. This typical photosynthetic organ can make full use of the low concentration of CO₂ in the environment for photosynthesis	花环结构面积 Kranz structure area (μm)

组织类型 Tissue type	生态学含义 Ecological implication	测量指标 Measurement index
保护组织 Protective tissue	存在于植物体表、由一层或数层细胞构成, 具有防止水分过度蒸腾, 抵抗外界风雨和病虫害侵入等作用的一种组织 A tissue on the surface of a plant consisting of one or more layers of cells that prevents excessive transpiration of water and resists the invasion of wind, rain, pests and diseases	角质层厚度 Cuticle thickness (μm)
保护组织 Protective tissue		角质层占中脉区叶片厚度比例 Proportion of cuticle to leaf thickness in midrib area (%)
维管组织 Vascular tissue	由木质部和韧皮部组成的输导水分和营养物质, 并有一定支持功能的植物组织 A plant tissue consisting of xylem and phloem that carries water and nutrients and has certain supporting functions	维管束面积 Vascular bundle area (μm)
		木质部面积 Xylem area (μm)
		韧皮部面积 Phloem area (μm)
		中脉厚度 Midrib thickness (μm)
		导管面积 Vessel area (μm)
		泡状细胞厚度 Motor cell thickness (μm)
		导管占木质部面积比例 Proportion of xylem area in ducts (%)
		主导管占主脉维管束面积比例 Proportion of dominant vessel area in main vascular bundle (%)
		木质部占维管束面积比例 Proportion of xylem to vascular bundle area (%)
		木质部和韧皮部面积比 Area ratio of xylem to phloem (%)
其他 Others	植物叶脉的维管束鞘细胞和外围一圈较大型叶肉细胞共同形成的环形结构, 这种典型的光合器官能充分利用环境中较低浓度的CO₂进行光合作用 The vascular sheath cells and the larger mesophyll cells in the periphery of the leaf vein form a ring structure. This typical photosynthetic organ can make full use of the low concentration of CO₂ in the environment for photosynthesis	花环结构面积 Kranz structure area (μm)