Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 290-299.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0277
Special Issue: 全球变化与生态系统
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TIAN Lei, ZHU Yi, LI Xin, HAN Guo-Dong, REN Hai-Yan*()
Received:
2021-07-26
Accepted:
2021-09-26
Online:
2022-03-20
Published:
2021-12-16
Contact:
REN Hai-Yan
Supported by:
TIAN Lei, ZHU Yi, LI Xin, HAN Guo-Dong, REN Hai-Yan. Responses of plant phenology to warming and nitrogen addition under different precipitation conditions in a desert steppe of Nei Mongol, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2022, 46(3): 290-299.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0277
Fig. 1 Precipitation in the study area in the Stipa breviflora desert grassland of Nei Mongol from 2016 to 2018. A, Monthly precipitation of 2016 to 2018. B, Annual precipitation of 2016 to 2018.
分值 Score | 禾草类 Grass | 非禾草类 Forb |
---|---|---|
0 | 小穗尚在苞叶内 Spikelets in boot | 尚未开花 Not blooming |
1 | 小穗伸出苞叶内 Spikelets out of boot | 花芽可见 Flower bud present |
2 | 花粉囊、花柱已伸出 Exserted anthers & styles | 开花 Blooming |
3 | 种子正在发育形成 Seed developing | 花开始衰老 Decaying |
3.5 | 种子开始脱落、散布 Seed dropping | - |
4 | 种子全部脱落 All seed dropped | - |
4.5 | - | 果实可见 Fruit present |
5.5 | - | 果实开始开裂 Fruit dehiscing |
6 | - | 所有果实开裂 All fruits dehisced |
Table 1 Specific phenological scoring of grass and forb in the Stipa breviflora desert grassland of Nei Mongol
分值 Score | 禾草类 Grass | 非禾草类 Forb |
---|---|---|
0 | 小穗尚在苞叶内 Spikelets in boot | 尚未开花 Not blooming |
1 | 小穗伸出苞叶内 Spikelets out of boot | 花芽可见 Flower bud present |
2 | 花粉囊、花柱已伸出 Exserted anthers & styles | 开花 Blooming |
3 | 种子正在发育形成 Seed developing | 花开始衰老 Decaying |
3.5 | 种子开始脱落、散布 Seed dropping | - |
4 | 种子全部脱落 All seed dropped | - |
4.5 | - | 果实可见 Fruit present |
5.5 | - | 果实开始开裂 Fruit dehiscing |
6 | - | 所有果实开裂 All fruits dehisced |
Fig. 2 Fitting diagram of Richards growth equation for different species in the Stipa breviflora desert grassland of Nei Mongol. B, blooming time; F, fruiting time; R, reproductive growth time.
Fig. 3 Effects of warming and nitrogen addition on plants flowering time (mean ± SE) under different precipitation conditions in the Stipa breviflora desert grassland of Nei Mongol. CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; WN, warming + nitrogen addition. Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05).
处理 Treatment | 短花针茅 Stipa breviflora | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 木地肤 Kochia prostrata | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | |
W | 1 | 15 | 554.20*** | 1 | 12 | 15.40** | 1 | 15 | 274.30*** |
N | 1 | 15 | 23.70*** | 1 | 12 | 0.10 | 1 | 15 | 4.00 |
P | 1 | 44 | 2176.20*** | 1 | 31 | 1540.70*** | 1 | 43 | 2750.40*** |
W × N | 1 | 15 | 1.60 | 1 | 12 | 46.30*** | 1 | 15 | 5.10* |
W × P | 1 | 44 | 27.90*** | 1 | 31 | 10.00** | 1 | 43 | 12.80*** |
N × P | 1 | 44 | 3.80 | 1 | 31 | 12.70** | 1 | 43 | 16.00*** |
W × N × P | 1 | 44 | 5.90* | 1 | 31 | 6.50* | 1 | 43 | 2.30 |
Table 2 Mixed effects modeling analysis for the effects of warming (W), nitrogen addition (N) and different precipitation (P) on plant flowering time in the Stipa breviflora desert grassland of Nei Mongol
处理 Treatment | 短花针茅 Stipa breviflora | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 木地肤 Kochia prostrata | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | |
W | 1 | 15 | 554.20*** | 1 | 12 | 15.40** | 1 | 15 | 274.30*** |
N | 1 | 15 | 23.70*** | 1 | 12 | 0.10 | 1 | 15 | 4.00 |
P | 1 | 44 | 2176.20*** | 1 | 31 | 1540.70*** | 1 | 43 | 2750.40*** |
W × N | 1 | 15 | 1.60 | 1 | 12 | 46.30*** | 1 | 15 | 5.10* |
W × P | 1 | 44 | 27.90*** | 1 | 31 | 10.00** | 1 | 43 | 12.80*** |
N × P | 1 | 44 | 3.80 | 1 | 31 | 12.70** | 1 | 43 | 16.00*** |
W × N × P | 1 | 44 | 5.90* | 1 | 31 | 6.50* | 1 | 43 | 2.30 |
Fig. 4 Effects of warming and nitrogen addition on plants fruiting time (mean ± SE) under different precipitation conditions in the Stipa breviflora desert grassland of Nei Mongol. CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; WN, warming + nitrogen addition. Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05).
处理 Treatment | 短花针茅 Stipa breviflora | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 木地肤 Kochia prostrata | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | |
W | 1 | 15 | 1710.10*** | 1 | 12 | 7.70* | 1 | 15 | 82.80*** |
N | 1 | 15 | 41.00*** | 1 | 12 | 0.70 | 1 | 15 | 0.50 |
P | 1 | 44 | 4947.80*** | 1 | 31 | 1 448.70*** | 1 | 44 | 922.00*** |
W × N | 1 | 15 | 2.10 | 1 | 12 | 6.00* | 1 | 15 | 0.00 |
W × P | 1 | 44 | 32.90*** | 1 | 31 | 8.20** | 1 | 44 | 18.90*** |
N × P | 1 | 44 | 6.60* | 1 | 31 | 12.10** | 1 | 44 | 23.90*** |
W × N × P | 1 | 44 | 19.00*** | 1 | 31 | 0.00 | 1 | 44 | 10.60** |
Table 3 Mixed effects modeling analysis for the effects of warming (W), nitrogen addition (N) and different precipitation (P) on plant fruiting time in the Stipa breviflora desert grassland of Nei Mongol
处理 Treatment | 短花针茅 Stipa breviflora | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 木地肤 Kochia prostrata | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | |
W | 1 | 15 | 1710.10*** | 1 | 12 | 7.70* | 1 | 15 | 82.80*** |
N | 1 | 15 | 41.00*** | 1 | 12 | 0.70 | 1 | 15 | 0.50 |
P | 1 | 44 | 4947.80*** | 1 | 31 | 1 448.70*** | 1 | 44 | 922.00*** |
W × N | 1 | 15 | 2.10 | 1 | 12 | 6.00* | 1 | 15 | 0.00 |
W × P | 1 | 44 | 32.90*** | 1 | 31 | 8.20** | 1 | 44 | 18.90*** |
N × P | 1 | 44 | 6.60* | 1 | 31 | 12.10** | 1 | 44 | 23.90*** |
W × N × P | 1 | 44 | 19.00*** | 1 | 31 | 0.00 | 1 | 44 | 10.60** |
Fig. 5 Effects of warming and nitrogen addition on plants reproductive growth time (mean ± SE) under different precipitation conditions in the Stipa breviflora desert grassland of Nei Mongol. CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; WN, warming + nitrogen addition. Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05).
处理 Treatment | 短花针茅 Stipa breviflora | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 木地肤 Kochia prostrata | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | |
W | 1 | 15 | 4.09 | 1 | 12 | 1.28 | 1 | 15 | 108.99*** |
N | 1 | 15 | 1.74 | 1 | 12 | 0.82 | 1 | 15 | 7.49* |
P | 1 | 44 | 49.44*** | 1 | 31 | 19.83*** | 1 | 44 | 69.33*** |
W × N | 1 | 15 | 0.50 | 1 | 12 | 1.19 | 1 | 15 | 1.00 |
W × P | 1 | 44 | 0.01 | 1 | 31 | 4.20* | 1 | 44 | 5.80* |
N × P | 1 | 44 | 0.20 | 1 | 31 | 0.16 | 1 | 44 | 0.08 |
W × N × P | 1 | 44 | 0.28 | 1 | 31 | 0.38 | 1 | 44 | 2.71 |
Table 4 Mixed effects modeling analysis for the effects of warming (W), nitrogen addition (N) and different precipitation (P) on plant reproductive growth time in the Stipa breviflora desert grassland of Nei Mongol
处理 Treatment | 短花针茅 Stipa breviflora | 冷蒿 Artemisia frigida | 木地肤 Kochia prostrata | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | Num df | Den df | F | |
W | 1 | 15 | 4.09 | 1 | 12 | 1.28 | 1 | 15 | 108.99*** |
N | 1 | 15 | 1.74 | 1 | 12 | 0.82 | 1 | 15 | 7.49* |
P | 1 | 44 | 49.44*** | 1 | 31 | 19.83*** | 1 | 44 | 69.33*** |
W × N | 1 | 15 | 0.50 | 1 | 12 | 1.19 | 1 | 15 | 1.00 |
W × P | 1 | 44 | 0.01 | 1 | 31 | 4.20* | 1 | 44 | 5.80* |
N × P | 1 | 44 | 0.20 | 1 | 31 | 0.16 | 1 | 44 | 0.08 |
W × N × P | 1 | 44 | 0.28 | 1 | 31 | 0.38 | 1 | 44 | 2.71 |
Fig. 6 Effects of different precipitation conditions on flowering, fruiting and reproductive growth time of Stipa breviflora, Artemisia frigida and Kochia prostrata in the Stipa breviflora desert grassland of Nei Mongol. CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; WN, warming + nitrogen addition.
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