Effects of warming on fine root growth, mortality and turnover: a review

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0202

Abstract

Abstract:

Fine roots are the most active and sensitive part of the root system, and play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of forest ecosystems. Fine root growth and turnover have a strong impact on the root carbon flux into soil. The effect of global warming on below-ground ecological processes has become a hot issue in global change research, and the response of fine root dynamics to warming will directly affect the carbon balance of forest ecosystems. In this paper, the effects of warming on fine root production, mortality, biomass and turnover are reviewed to reveal the effects of warming on fine root dynamics. Generally, warming affects the fine root production and mortality by changing soil moisture, nutrient availability and distribution of recent photosynthetic products, accelerates fine root turnover process, and then reduces fine root biomass. However, fine root growth is affected by many factors, making the research results of the impact of warming on fine roots inconsistent among different studies, due to the difference in tree species, regions, warming methods and other factors. Therefore, comprehensively analyzing the response of forest fine roots under warming is very important for studies on below-ground ecological processes. In the future, we call for more research in the following aspects: (1) according to the advantages and disadvantages of each warming method, compare the effects of different warming methods and warming durations on the growth dynamics of fine roots and above-ground parts; (2) combined with various fine root observation and experimental methods, comprehensively analyze the effect of warming on fine root growth dynamics, and strengthen the research on the effect of warming on fine root order structure; (3) strengthen the research on the interaction of warming and nutrient, water and CO₂ on fine root growth dynamics; (4) focus on the effects of warming on fine root dynamics in different soil layers, especially in deep soils; and (5) deeply study the potential response of the relationship among fine roots, soils and microorganisms to warming.

Key words: global warming, fine root growth, below-ground carbon allocation, vertical distribution, turnover rate

WU Chen, CHEN Xin-Yi, LIU Yuan-Hao, HUANG Jin-Xue, XIONG De-Cheng. Effects of warming on fine root growth, mortality and turnover: a review[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(8): 1043-1054.

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研究区域 Study area	增温方式 Heating mode	研究对象 Research object	周转速率 Turnover rate	可能影响机理 Possible influence mechanism	参考文献 Reference
温带 Temperate zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	欧洲云杉 Picea abies	增加 Increase	增温使得土壤矿化速率加快, 细根死亡率增加 Warming accelerated soil carbon mineralization rate, and increased fine root mortality	Majdi & ?hrvik, 2004
温带 Temperate zone	开顶式增温 Open top chamber (OTC) heating	Acer saccharum	增加 Increase	土壤水分降低, 细根呼吸速率加快, 食草动物及病原体数量增加 Warming decreased soil moisture, increased fine root respiration rate, and stimulated herbivores and pathogens	Wan et al., 2004
温带 Temperate zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	欧洲云杉 P. abies	增加 Increase	土壤矿质氮浓度增加, 细根死亡率增加 Warming increased soil mineral nitrogen concentration and fine root mortality	Lepp?lammi-Kujansuu et al., 2014
亚热带 Subtropical zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	增加 Increase	增温导致细根碳消耗加快, 非结构性碳水化合物减少, 细根死亡量增加 Warming accelerated carbon consumption, decreased non structural carbohydrates content, and increased fine root mortality	Xiong et al., 2018
热带 Tropical zone	辐射增温 Radiation warming	热带森林 Tropical forests	增加 Increase	增温对细根生物量、细根生产量均有负面影响, 增温使叶片光合速率降低, 叶片呼吸未产生热适应 Warming had negative effects on fine root biomass and fine root production; warming reduced foliar photosynthetic rates and did not cause thermal acclimation of foliar respiration	Yaffar et al., 2021
全球尺度 Global scale	开顶式增温、电缆增温、辐射增温 OTC heating, cable heating, radiation warming	草地、灌丛、森林 Grassland, shrub and forest	增加 Increase	土壤养分增加, 细根呼吸速率加快, 病原菌和草食动物增加 Warming increased soil nutrients, fine root respiration rate, pathogens and herbivores	Gill & Jackson, 2000
全球尺度 Global scale	开顶式增温、电缆增温、辐射增温 OTC heating, cable heating, radiation warming	农田、草地、森林、湿地、苔原 Farmland, grassland, forest, wetland and tundra	无变化 Unchanged	增温后细根死亡量无显著变化, 细根生物量增加 Warming increased fine root biomass, and there was no significant change in fine root mortality	Wang et al., 2021
温带 Temperate zone	开顶式增温 OTC heating	花旗松 Pseudotsuga menziesii	无变化 Unchanged	该植物-土壤系统属于贫营养环境, 受到氮的限制, 使得增温对细根生长量、死亡量均没有显著影响 The plant-soil system belongs to an oligotrophic environment, which is limited by nitrogen; warming had no significant effect on fine root growth and mortality	Johnson et al., 2006

研究区域 Study area	增温方式 Heating mode	研究对象 Research object	周转速率 Turnover rate	可能影响机理 Possible influence mechanism	参考文献 Reference
温带 Temperate zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	欧洲云杉 Picea abies	增加 Increase	增温使得土壤矿化速率加快, 细根死亡率增加 Warming accelerated soil carbon mineralization rate, and increased fine root mortality	Majdi & ?hrvik, 2004
温带 Temperate zone	开顶式增温 Open top chamber (OTC) heating	Acer saccharum	增加 Increase	土壤水分降低, 细根呼吸速率加快, 食草动物及病原体数量增加 Warming decreased soil moisture, increased fine root respiration rate, and stimulated herbivores and pathogens	Wan et al., 2004
温带 Temperate zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	欧洲云杉 P. abies	增加 Increase	土壤矿质氮浓度增加, 细根死亡率增加 Warming increased soil mineral nitrogen concentration and fine root mortality	Lepp?lammi-Kujansuu et al., 2014
亚热带 Subtropical zone	电缆增温 Cable heating	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	增加 Increase	增温导致细根碳消耗加快, 非结构性碳水化合物减少, 细根死亡量增加 Warming accelerated carbon consumption, decreased non structural carbohydrates content, and increased fine root mortality	Xiong et al., 2018
热带 Tropical zone	辐射增温 Radiation warming	热带森林 Tropical forests	增加 Increase	增温对细根生物量、细根生产量均有负面影响, 增温使叶片光合速率降低, 叶片呼吸未产生热适应 Warming had negative effects on fine root biomass and fine root production; warming reduced foliar photosynthetic rates and did not cause thermal acclimation of foliar respiration	Yaffar et al., 2021
全球尺度 Global scale	开顶式增温、电缆增温、辐射增温 OTC heating, cable heating, radiation warming	草地、灌丛、森林 Grassland, shrub and forest	增加 Increase	土壤养分增加, 细根呼吸速率加快, 病原菌和草食动物增加 Warming increased soil nutrients, fine root respiration rate, pathogens and herbivores	Gill & Jackson, 2000
全球尺度 Global scale	开顶式增温、电缆增温、辐射增温 OTC heating, cable heating, radiation warming	农田、草地、森林、湿地、苔原 Farmland, grassland, forest, wetland and tundra	无变化 Unchanged	增温后细根死亡量无显著变化, 细根生物量增加 Warming increased fine root biomass, and there was no significant change in fine root mortality	Wang et al., 2021
温带 Temperate zone	开顶式增温 OTC heating	花旗松 Pseudotsuga menziesii	无变化 Unchanged	该植物-土壤系统属于贫营养环境, 受到氮的限制, 使得增温对细根生长量、死亡量均没有显著影响 The plant-soil system belongs to an oligotrophic environment, which is limited by nitrogen; warming had no significant effect on fine root growth and mortality	Johnson et al., 2006