不同管理模式对茶树碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量比的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0071

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物不同器官的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其生态化学计量特征能够反映植物内部的养分分配与平衡关系。该研究以福建安溪3种不同管理模式的铁观音茶园为研究对象, 设置了常规管理模式下的茶园(M1)、间作套种模式下的茶园(M2)和现代技术管理模式下的茶园(M3) 3种样地, 分析茶树根、茎、叶器官的C、N、P含量及其化学计量学特征, 养分的变异特征与异速生长关系。结果表明: M2和M3管理模式下茶树根、茎、叶N、P含量均显著高于M1管理模式, C含量差异不明显; 茶树根、茎、叶C:N、C:P、N:P均表现为M1 > M2 > M3。茶树不同器官C、N、P含量差异较大, 根据变异来源分析, 管理模式因素对C、N、P含量变异的影响均达到显著水平。根茎叶N-P的异速生长关系表明茶树不同器官的养分需求存在相似性; 土壤pH和容重是影响C:N、C:P、N:P的重要因素, 而土壤含水量和盐度对茶树根和叶C含量的影响较大。总体来讲, 间作套种以及现代化滴灌、水肥等管理模式可以改善茶树对养分的吸收效率, 对解决土壤养分不均衡问题具有正面效应。

关键词: 器官, 生态化学计量学, 变异来源, 异速生长关系, 茶园

Abstract:

Aims The content of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in different plant organs and their stoichiometric characteristics can reflect the nutrient allocation and balance within the plant. In this paper, the response of C, N and P in different organs of tea plants to three management modes was investigated by field experiment. The purpose was to explore the variation characteristics of C, N and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios in roots, stems and leaves of tea plant and its allometric growth relationship under different management modes.

Methods We set up three different management modes in Tieguanyin tea plantations in Anxi, Fujian: routine management mode (M1), intercropping mode (M2) and modern technology mode (M3). In this paper, we investigated C, N, and P contents in the roots, stems, and leaves and their stoichiometric characteristics, nutrient variations and the allometric relationships of tea plants under different management modes.

Important findings The results showed that the N and P contents in roots, stems and leaves of tea plants under M2 and M3 management mode were significantly higher than those under M1 management mode, but no significant differences were observed for the C contents; the order of C:N, C:P and N:P ratios in roots, stems and leaves of tea plants was M1 > M2 > M3. The contents of C, N, and P varied significantly among different organs of tea plants. According to the analysis of variation sources, the management mode factors showed significant impacts on the content variation of all the three elements. The allometric relationships of N and P in roots, stems and leaves (N-P^1.7456, p< 0.01; N-P^1.0987, p< 0.01; N-P^1.1993, p< 0.01) suggested that the nutrient requirements of different organs were similar. Soil pH and bulk density were important factors affecting C:N, C:P and N:P, while soil water content and salinity had great impacts on C content in roots and leaves of tea plants. In general, intercropping, as well as modern drip irrigation and fertilizer management technology, can improve the nutrient absorption efficiency of tea plants, and have positive effects on solving the problem of soil nutrient imbalance.

Key words: organ, ecological stoichiometry, source of variation, allometric relationship, tea plantation

尹晓雷, 刘旭阳, 金强, 李先德, 林少颖, 阳祥, 王维奇, 张永勋. 不同管理模式对茶树碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量比的影响. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(7): 749-759. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0071

YIN Xiao-Lei, LIU Xu-Yang, JIN Qiang, LI Xian-De, LIN Shao-Ying, YANG Xiang, WANG Wei-Qi, ZHANG Yong-Xun. Effects of different management methods on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents and their stoichiometric ratios in tea plants. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(7): 749-759. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0071

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0071

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I7/749

图/表 8

图1 不同管理模式下茶树根茎叶碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)的含量特征(平均值±标准误)。M1, 常规模式; M2, 间作套种模式; M3, 配套现代技术模式。不同字母表示处理间差异显著( p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents in tea plants under different management modes (mean ± SE). M1, routine management mode; M2, intercropping mode; M3, modern technology mode. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05).

表1 不同管理模式茶树碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量和比值间的变异系数(CV, %)

Table 1 Coefficient of variation (CV, %) of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents and the stoichiometry of tea plants under different management modes

管理模式 Management mode	C			N			P			C:N			C:P			N:P
管理模式 Management mode	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	根 Root	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf
M1	17.61	0.20	1.17	5.17	5.42	13.98	2.17	9.78	2.15	15.63	5.32	14.90	19.22	9.52	1.14	6.56	15.01	12.27
M2	1.26	1.22	1.53	4.06	5.47	4.02	3.35	16.10	7.93	4.65	6.18	2.56	3.72	14.10	9.20	0.96	11.16	11.03
M3	18.03	3.17	0.76	14.63	6.07	2.35	15.81	2.41	4.80	11.47	3.11	2.59	27.56	5.44	2.85	20.63	8.24	5.26

表2 茶树碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其计量比的变异来源分析

Table 2 Variation source analysis of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) content and their stoichiometric ratios of tea plants

	变异来源 Source of variation	df	离差平方和 SS	均方 MS	F	p
C (g·kg^-1)	管理方式 Management mode	2, 12	20 017.89	10 008.94	4.21	0.04^*
	器官 Organ	2, 6	87 690.42	43 845.21	40.03	<0.01^**
	管理方式×器官 Management mode × Organ	4, 12	3 785.61	9 346.40	3.93	0.03^*
N (g·kg^-1)	管理方式 Management mode	2, 12	476.04	238.02	91.00	<0.01^**
	器官 Organ	2, 6	992.25	496.13	138.98	<0.01^**
	管理方式×器官 Management mode × Organ	4, 12	90.47	22.62	8.65	<0.01^**
P (g·kg^-1)	管理方式 Management mode	2, 12	6.95	3.48	67.28	<0.01^**
	器官 Organ	2, 6	0.27	0.14	2.68	0.15
	管理方式×器官 Management mode × Organ	4, 12	2.45	0.61	11.84	<0.01^**
C:N	管理方式 Management mode	2, 12	2 926.23	1 463.12	23.42	<0.01^**
	器官 Organ	2, 6	2 501.42	1 250.71	70.82	<0.01^**
	管理方式×器官 Management mode × Organ	4, 12	574.02	143.51	2.30	0.12
C:P	管理方式 Management mode	2, 12	1 101 790.54	550 895.27	50.32	<0.01^**
	器官 Organ	2, 6	10 833.52	5 416.76	1.10	0.39
	管理方式×器官 Management mode × Organ	4, 12	18 979.84	4 744.96	0.43	0.78
N:P	管理方式 Management mode	2, 12	137.92	68.96	16.11	<0.01^**
	器官 Organ	2, 6	471.81	235.91	41.13	<0.01^**
	管理方式×器官 Management mode × Organ	4, 12	43.98	11.00	2.57	0.09

图2 不同管理模式下茶园碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量比特征(平均值±标准误)。M1, 常规模式; M2, 间作套种模式; M3, 配套现代技术模式。不同字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in tea plantations under different management modes (mean ± SE). M1, routine management mode; M2, intercropping mode; M3, modern technology mode. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05).

图3 茶树不同器官碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量的标准化主轴分析(SMA)。

Fig. 3 Standardized major analysis (SMA) of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents of different organs in tea plants.

图4 环境因子与茶树不同器官碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其生态化学计量比之间的主成分分析(PCA)。M1, 常规模式; M2, 间作套种模式; M3, 配套现代技术模式。BD, 土壤容重; Salinity, 土壤盐度; SWC, 土壤饱和含水量; TC, 土壤全碳含量; TN, 土壤全氮含量; TP, 土壤全磷含量; WC, 土壤含水量。

Fig. 4 Principal component analysis (PCA) of the relationship between environmental factors and carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents and their stoichiometric ratios in different tea plant organs. M1, routine management mode; M2, intercropping mode; M3, modern technology mode. BD, soil bulk density; SWC, soil saturated water content; TC, soil total C content; TN, soil total N content; TP, soil total P content; WC, soil water content.

图5 不同管理模式茶树碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其化学计量比与环境因子的综合相关关系。M1, 常规模式; M2, 间作套种模式; M3, 配套现代技术模式。BD, 土壤容重; Salinity, 土壤盐度; SWC, 土壤饱和含水量; TC, 土壤全碳含量; TN, 土壤全氮含量; TP, 土壤全磷含量; WC, 土壤含水量。

Fig. 5 Comprehensive correlation between carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) contents and their stoichiometry and environmental factors under three management modes. M1, routine management mode; M2, intercropping mode; M3, modern technology mode. BD, soil bulk density; SWC, soil saturated water content; TC, soil total C content; TN, soil total N content; TP, soil total P content; WC, soil water content.

图6 三种管理模式茶树养分特征概念模型图。M1, 常规模式; M2, 间作套种模式; M3, 配套现代技术模式。

Fig. 6 Conceptual model of nutrient characteristics of tea plant under three management modes. M1, routine management mode; M2, intercropping mode; M3, modern technology mode.

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