呼伦贝尔草地植物茎秆和叶片中养分的时间动态与回收

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0125

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 738-748.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0125

所属专题：生态化学计量

呼伦贝尔草地植物茎秆和叶片中养分的时间动态与回收

张效境¹^,², 梁潇洒¹^,², 马望¹, 王正文¹^,^*()

¹中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 额尔古纳森林草原过渡带生态系统研究站, 沈阳 110016
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-04-06 接受日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2021-10-22
通讯作者: 王正文 ORCID:0000-0002-4507-2142
作者简介:* 王正文: ORCID: 0000-0002-4507-2142, wangzw@iae.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31870422)

Temporal variation and resorption of nutrients in plant culms and leaves in Hulun Buir grassland

ZHANG Xiao-Jing¹^,², LIANG Xiao-Sa¹^,², MA Wang¹, WANG Zheng-Wen¹^,^*()

¹Erguna Forest-Steppe Ecotone Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-04-06 Accepted:2021-06-16 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2021-10-22
Contact: WANG Zheng-Wen ORCID:0000-0002-4507-2142
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870422)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确植物不同器官中的养分回收状况对探究植物养分利用策略与养分循环有重要意义。以往关于养分回收的研究多聚焦于叶片, 而对于茎秆研究较少。此外, 以往研究对植物生长盛期的叶片取样均在同一时间完成, 忽略了不同物种养分峰值可能存在时间差异, 进而导致养分回收效率被低估。该研究以呼伦贝尔草地22种多年生草本植物为研究对象, 在生长季不同时期进行茎秆和叶片取样, 测定其氮(N)、磷(P)含量, 分析茎秆和叶片两类器官中的养分在生长季内的变化情况与养分回收效率。结果表明: 1)植物N、P含量在生长季内有明显的时间变化规律, 呈现出先增加后减少的趋势; 不同物种峰值对应时间存在显著差异, 大部分物种养分峰值出现于8月下旬。2)茎秆和叶片两类器官养分回收模式存在差异, 植物叶片的N回收效率高于茎秆, 但P回收效率两者差异不明显; 叶片中N、P回收效率显著正相关, 而两者关系在茎秆中不显著。3)枯叶中养分含量是回收效率重要的影响因子, 植物养分回收效率与枯叶期养分含量呈显著负相关关系, 与生长盛期养分含量无关。4)以往研究中不同植物种在生长盛期同一时间取样, 造成茎秆和叶片N、P回收效率被不同程度地低估。该研究重新审视了养分回收研究中的取样策略, 表明依据不同物种在生长季内养分含量峰值出现时间决定生长盛期成熟组织的取样时间, 能够增加养分回收效率计测的准确性和科学性。

关键词: 草本植物, 元素含量, 时间动态, 植物器官, 养分回收

Abstract:

Aims Nutrient resorption in different organs of plants is important for plant nutrient use strategies and elemental biogeochemical cycles. Previous researches on nutrient resorption have focused on leaves, but neglected culms. Additionally, leaves of different species have been collected at the same time during the peak growth stage in previous studies, ignoring the different peak times of nutrient content of different species, which leads to the underestimation of nutrient resorption efficiency.

Methods In order to explore the seasonal variation of nutrients and nutrient resorption efficiency in the culms and leaves of herbaceous plants, 22 common plants in Hulun Buir grassland were chosen as the research objects to determine the temporal dynamics of nutrient content during the growing season, and the resorption efficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in plant culms and leaves.

Important findings The content of N, P in plants had obvious temporal dynamics during the growing season, showing an increasing trend first and then a decreasing trend. For most of the 22 species, the maximum content occurred in the middle and late August, but the peak time differed among different species. The resorption efficiency of N in leaves was higher than in culms, but that of P did not differ between leaves and culms. Nutrient resorption efficiency of plants was closely related to the nutrient content at the senescence stage, but not to that at the growth stage. In previous studies, different plants were sampled at the same time during the growth stage, which led to underestimation of N and P resorption efficiency of culms and leaves. This study re-examined the sampling strategy in nutrient resorption studies, and showed that the sampling time of mature tissues in the growth stage could be determined according to the peak nutrient content time of different species.

Key words: herbaceous, element content, temporal dynamics, plant organ, nutrient resorption

张效境, 梁潇洒, 马望, 王正文. 呼伦贝尔草地植物茎秆和叶片中养分的时间动态与回收. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(7): 738-748. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0125

ZHANG Xiao-Jing, LIANG Xiao-Sa, MA Wang, WANG Zheng-Wen. Temporal variation and resorption of nutrients in plant culms and leaves in Hulun Buir grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(7): 738-748. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0125

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0125

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I7/738

图/表 9

表1 呼伦贝尔地区取样物种名、功能类群与茎秆和叶片的区分

Table 1 Sampling species name, functional groups of plants in Hulun Buir area and whether culm and leaf were distinguished or not

物种 Species	生活型 Life form	区分茎秆和叶片 Distinguishing culm and leaf
羊草 Leymus chinensis	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	√
狼针草 Stipa baicalensis	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	×
糙隐子草 Cleistogenes squarrosa	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	√
草 Koeleria macrantha	多年生禾草 Perennial grasses	×
柄状薹草 Carex pediformis	多年生莎草 Perennial sedges	×
寸草 Carex duriuscula	多年生莎草 Perennial sedges	×
广布野豌豆 Vicia cracca	多年生豆科 Perennial legumes	√
披针叶野决明 Thermopsis lanceolata	多年生豆科 Perennial legumes	√
狭叶沙参 Adenophora gmelinii	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	√
龙蒿 Artemisia dracunculus	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	√
阿尔泰狗娃花 Aster altaicus	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	√
麻花头 Klasea centauroides	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	√
裂叶蒿 Artemisia tanacetifolia	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	×
冷蒿 Artemisia frigida	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	√
达乌里芯芭 Cymbaria daurica	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	√
瓣蕊唐松草 Thalictrum petaloideum	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	√
白头翁 Pulsatilla chinensis	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	×
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	×
星毛委陵菜 Potentilla acaulis	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	×
菊叶委陵菜 Potentilla tanacetifolia	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	×
野鸢尾 Iris dichotoma	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	×
囊花鸢尾 Iris ventricosa	多年生杂草 Perennial forbs	×

表2 生长盛期与枯叶期茎秆和叶片养分含量(平均值±标准差)

Table 2 Nitrogen and phosphorus contents of culm and leaf at the growth and senescence stages (mean ± SD)

	器官 Organ	样本量 n	氮含量 Nitrogen content (mg·g^-1)	磷含量 Phosphorus content (mg·g^-1)
生长盛期 Growth stage	叶片 Leaf	22	24.14 ± 6.69^a	2.07 ± 0.71^a
生长盛期 Growth stage	茎秆 Culm	11	12.46 ± 3.94^b	1.18 ± 0.31^b
枯叶期 Senescence stage	叶片 Leaf	22	12.34 ± 4.96^b	0.73 ± 0.39^c
枯叶期 Senescence stage	茎秆 Culm	11	7.32 ± 2.55^c	0.40 ± 0.25^c

图1 植物茎秆和叶片氮(N)含量的时间动态。A, 龙蒿。B, 糙隐子草。C, 狭叶沙参。D, 广布野豌豆。E, 达乌里芯芭。F, 阿尔泰狗娃花。G, 麻花头。H, 羊草。I, 披针叶野决明。J, 冷蒿。K, 瓣蕊唐松草。圆形代表植物叶片; 三角形代表植物茎秆。实线表示叶片N含量与采样时间相关(p < 0.05); 虚线表示茎秆中N含量与采样时间相关(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Temporal variation of nitrogen (N) content in leaves and culms. A, Artemisia dracunculus. B, Cleistogenes squarrosa. C, Adenophora gmelinii. D, Vicia cracca. E, Cymbaria daurica. F, Aster altaicus. G, Klasea centauroides. H, Leymus chinensis. I, Thermopsis lanceolata. J, Artemisia frigida. K, Thalictrum petaloideum. Circle, leaves; triangle, culms. The solid line indicates that leaf N content is related to sampling time (p < 0.05); the dotted line indicates that culm N content is related to sampling time (p < 0.05).

图2 植物茎秆和叶片磷(P)含量的时间动态。A, 龙蒿。B, 糙隐子草。C, 狭叶沙参。D, 广布野豌豆。E, 达乌里芯芭。F, 阿尔泰狗娃花。G, 麻花头。H, 羊草。I, 披针叶野决明。J, 冷蒿。K, 瓣蕊唐松草。圆形代表植物叶片; 三角形代表植物茎秆。实线表示叶片P含量与采样时间相关性显著(p < 0.05); 虚线表示茎秆中P含量与采样时间相关性显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Temporal variation of phosphorus (P) content in leaves and culms. A, Artemisia dracunculus. B, Cleistogenes squarrosa. C, Adenophora gmelinii. D, Vicia cracca. E, Cymbaria daurica. F, Aster altaicus. G, Klasea centauroides. H, Leymus chinensis. I, Thermopsis lanceolata. J, Artemisia frigida. K, Thalictrum petaloideum. Circle, leaves; triangle, culms. The solid line indicates that leaf P content is related to sampling time (p < 0.05); The dotted line indicates that culm P content is related to sampling time (p < 0.05).

图3 植物养分含量达到峰值的时间。A, 叶片氮(N)含量。B, 茎秆氮(N)含量。C, 叶片磷(P)含量。D, 茎秆磷(P)含量。A.A., 阿尔泰狗娃花; A.D., 龙蒿; A.F., 冷蒿; A.G., 狭叶沙参; A.T., 裂叶蒿; C.D., 寸草; C.P., 柄状薹草; C.S., 糙隐子草; Cy.D., 达乌里芯芭; I.D., 野鸢尾; I.V., 囊花鸢尾; K.C., 麻花头; K.M., 草; L.C., 羊草; P.A., 星毛委陵菜; P.B., 二裂委陵菜; P.C., 白头翁; P.T., 菊叶委陵菜; S.B., 狼针草; T.L., 披针叶野决明; T.P., 瓣蕊唐松草; V.C., 广布野豌豆。

Fig. 3 Time of the highest nutrient content in different plant species. A, Nitrogen (N) content of leaves. B, N content of culms. C, Phosphorus (P) content of leaves. D, P content of culms. A.A., Aster altaicus; A.D., Artemisia dracunculus; A.F., Artemisia frigida; A.G., Adenophora gmelinii; A.T., Artemisia tanacetifolia; C.D., Carex duriuscula; C.P., Carex pediformis; C.S., Cleistogenes squarrosa; Cy.D., Cymbaria daurica; I.D., Iris dichotoma; I.V., Iris ventricosa; K.C., Klasea centauroides; K.M., Koeleria macrantha; L.C., Leymus chinensis; P.A., Potentilla acaulis; P.B., Potentilla bifurca; P.C., Pulsatilla chinensis; P.T., Potentilla tanacetifolia; S.B., Stipa baicalensis; T.L., Thermopsis lanceolata; T.P., Thalictrum petaloideum; V.C., Vicia cracca.

表3 茎秆和叶片氮(N)、磷(P)回收效率的差异(平均值±标准差)

Table 3 Differences of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption efficiency in plant culm and leaf (mean ± SD)

器官 Organ	样本量 n	N回收效率 N resorption efficiency (%)	P回收效率 P resorption efficiency (%)	元素间差异 Differences between elements (p)
叶片 Leaf	11	65.19 ± 8.21	75.58 ± 7.22	p < 0.05
茎秆 Culm	11	61.65 ± 4.24	78.33 ± 9.90	p < 0.05
器官间差异 Differences between organs (p)	-	p < 0.05	p = 0.189	-

图4 氮(N)、磷(P)回收效率的相关关系。圆形代表植物叶片; 三角形代表植物茎秆。实线表示叶片N回收效率与P回收效率相关(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Correlations between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption efficiency. Circle, leaves; triangle, culms. The solid line indicates that leaf N resorption efficiency is related to P resorption efficiency (p < 0.05).

图5 植物生长盛期与枯叶期氮(N)、磷(P)含量与回收效率之间的关系。A, 生长盛期N含量与N回收效率。B, 生长盛期P含量与P回收效率。C, 枯叶期N含量与N回收效率。D, 枯叶期P含量与P回收效率。圆形代表植物叶片; 三角形代表植物茎秆。实线表示叶片养分回收效率与养分含量相关(p < 0.05); 虚线表示茎秆养分回收效率与养分含量相关(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Correlations between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents at the growth and senescence stages and nutrient resorption efficiency. A, N content and N resorption efficiency at the growth stage. B, P content and P resorption efficiency at the growth stage. C, N content and N resorption efficiency at the senescence stage. D, P content and P resorption efficiency at the senescence stage. Circle, leaves; triangle, culms. The solid line indicates that leaf resorption efficiency is related to nutrient content (p < 0.05); the dotted line indicates that culm resorption efficiency is related to nutrient content (p < 0.05).

表4 不同计算方法获得的呼伦贝尔草地植物茎秆和叶片氮(N)、磷(P)回收效率的差异状况(平均值±标准差)

Table 4 Difference in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption efficiency of Hulun Buirr grassland plant culms and leaves obtained by different calculation methods (mean ± SD)

器官 Organ	养分 Nutrient	样本量 n	回收效率 Resorption efficiency (%)		低估值 Underestimation value (%)
器官 Organ	养分 Nutrient	样本量 n	基于养分最大含量 Based on maximum nutrient content	基于8月20日养分含量 Based on nutrient content of August 20	低估值 Underestimation value (%)
叶片 Leaf	N	22	66.75 ± 7.70	64.69 ± 8.80	2.06 ± 3.31
叶片 Leaf	P	22	77.26 ± 7.97	71.32 ± 14.32	5.94 ± 9.35
茎秆 Culm	N	11	61.65 ± 4.24	58.72 ± 6.55	2.93 ± 4.85
茎秆 Culm	P	11	78.33 ± 9.90	70.93 ± 15.33	7.39 ± 11.81

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呼伦贝尔草地植物茎秆和叶片中养分的时间动态与回收

Temporal variation and resorption of nutrients in plant culms and leaves in Hulun Buir grassland

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