北京2种阔叶树不同高度枝干的呼吸速率及其对温度的敏感性

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该研究采用红外气体分析法(IRGA)于2013年3-12月原位测定了北京市东升八家郊野公园中2个主要阔叶树种(槐(Sophora japonica)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)) 3个高度上的枝干呼吸(R_w)日进程, 旨在量化R_w的种间差异, 探索种内R_w及其温度敏感系数(Q₁₀)的时间动态和垂直分布格局。研究结果显示: (1) R_w在不同树种之间差异明显, 相同月份(4月份除外)槐R_w是旱柳的1.12 (7月)-1.79倍(5月)。两树种枝干表面CO₂通量速率均表现出明显的单峰型季节变化, 峰值分别出现在7月((5.13 ± 0.24) μmol·m^-2·s^-1)和8月((3.85 ± 0.17) μmol·m^-2·s^-1)。同一树种在生长月份内的平均呼吸水平显著高于非生长季, 但其Q₁₀值季节变化趋势与之相反。(2) R_W随测量高度的增加而升高, 并在3个高度上表现出不同的日变化规律: 其中, 树干基部及胸高位置为单峰格局, 而一级分枝处的呼吸速率在一天内存在两个峰值, 中间出现短暂的“午休”现象。温度是造成一天内呼吸变化的主要原因。此外, 顶部R_w及其对温度的敏感程度明显高于基部。温度本身和Q₁₀值差异可在一定程度上解释R_W的垂直梯度变化。(3)在生长月份, 单位体积木质组织的日累积呼吸速率(mmol·m^-3·d^-1)与受测部位直径倒数(D^-1)呈极显著正相关关系。单位面积(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)可准确表达两树种在生长期间的R_W水平, 能合理有效地比较不同个体的呼吸差异及同一个体的时空变异。这些结果表明, 采用局部通量法上推至树木整体呼吸时, 应全面考虑R_w的时、空变异规律, 并选择恰当的表达单位, 以减小估测误差。

关键词: 枝干呼吸, 时间动态, 垂直分布, 温度敏感系数(Q10), 城市生态

Abstract: Aims

Woody-tissue respiration (R_w) is well known to be a large component of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon balance. In order to quantify the intra- and inter-specific variations in stem respiration, investigations were made on the temporal and vertical variations in R_w in order to reveal the vertical pattern and the regulatory mechanisms of the temperature-sensitivity coefficient (Q₁₀).

Methods

CO₂ release rates and stem temperature were measured in two typical deciduous species (Sophora japonica and Salix matsudana) from March through December 2013 in a suburban park in Beijing. All measurements were carried out at three heights (10 cm, 140 cm and 270 cm) corresponding to the base, breast height and first branch of the trees.

Important findings

It was found that the stem respiration differed significantly between the two tree species. The R_w in Sophora japonica was 1.12 (July) to 1.79 (May) times of that in Salix matsudana for the same months except in April. Clear diurnal cycles and strong seasonal variations were found in the stem respiration per unit surface area (R_S). The seasonal variation patterns of R_w were unimodal for both species; however, the peak month differed between the two species, i.e. July ((5.13 ± 0.24) μmol·m^-2·s^-1) for Sophora japonica and August ((3.85 ± 0.17) μmol·m^-2·s^-1) for Salix matsudana. Stem respiration during the growing season (July and August) was high- er than in the dormant season (November and December); whereas the seasonal variations of Q₁₀ showed opposite trend, i.e. higher in the dormant season than during the growing season. R_W increased and the diel patterns of R_w varied with height; the pattern of stem respiration was unimodal for trunk and diauxie for branches, respectively. Stem temperature was found to be the dominant factor regulating the diurnal dynamics of stem respiration at a daily scale. In addition, Q₁₀ higher at the top than at the base. Stem temperature and Q₁₀ collectively determined the temporal and vertical patters of stem respiration. During the growing months, daily accumulated respiration per volume of woody tissue (mmol·m^-3·d^-1) was linearly related to the inverse of stem diameter measured at breast height. The level of respiration was better expressed on area base (μmol·m^-2·s^-1) for comparisons among individuals and examination of temporal and spatial variations of the same individual. Therefore, the spatial and temporal variability of R_w should be considered in the construction of city forest carbon budget model so as to reduce the estimation error.

Key words: stem respiration, temporal dynamics, vertical variations, temperature-sensitivity coefficient (Q10), urban ecology

韩风森, 胡聃, 王晓琳, 周宏轩. 北京2种阔叶树不同高度枝干的呼吸速率及其对温度的敏感性. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(2): 197-205. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0019

HAN Feng-Sen,HU Dan,WANG Xiao-Lin,ZHOU Hong-Xuan. Respiration rates of stems at different heights and their sensitivity to temperature in two broad-leaved trees in Beijing. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(2): 197-205. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0019

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0019

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I2/197

图/表 9

表1 测定样树的基本特征

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the sampling trees

树种 Species	代码 Code	树高 Height (m)	测点直径 Diameter at measurement point (cm)
树种 Species	代码 Code	树高 Height (m)	10^a	140^a	270^a
槐 Sophora japonica	So1	12.6	22.4	17.2	10.8
	So2	14.7	26.3	18.6	14.5
	So3	16.4	31.6	21.5	17.6
旱柳 Salix matsudana	Sa1	13.8	21.6.	16.8	12.9
旱柳 Salix matsudana	Sa2	15.7	29.1	22.6	18.5
	Sa3	18.4	34.2	28.7	22.8

图1 槐、旱柳枝干呼吸速率和大气温度季节变化(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 1 The seasonal variations of stem respiration and air temperature in Sophora japonica and Salix matsudana (mean ± SD).

表2 10 ℃下枝干呼吸(R10)与温度敏感系数(Q10)种间差异比较

Table 2 Comparisons of respiration at a reference temperature of 10 °C (R10) and temperature-sensitivity coefficient (Q10) between two species

树种 Species	月份 Month	回归方程 Regression equation	Q₁₀	R₁₀ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	R²
槐 Sophora japonica	6-8	Y = 0.8945e^0.0779^x	2.18	1.95	0.77^**
槐 Sophora japonica	10-12	Y = 0.5943e^0.0892^x	2.44	1.45	0.87^**
旱柳 Salix matsudana	6-8	Y = 0.8771e^0.0582^x	1.79	1.57	0.82^**
旱柳 Salix matsudana	10-12	Y = 0.4674e^0.0599^x	1.86	0.87	0.88^**

图2 槐、旱柳枝干呼吸温度敏感系数(Q10, A)和10 ℃下单位表面积枝干呼吸(R10, B)的季节变化(平均值±标准偏差)。

Fig. 2 Seasonal variations of temperature-sensitivity coefficient (Q10, A) and stem respiration at a reference temperature of 10 °C (R10, B) on stem surface area base for the non-growing season (Oct.-Dec.) and growing season (Jun.-Aug.) in Sophora japonica and Salix matsudana (mean ± SD).

图3 不同高度(10、140和270 cm)枝干温度(T10、T140、T270)与呼吸速率(R10、R140、R270)日动态。

Fig. 3 Dynamics of stem temperature (T10, T140, T270) and stem respiration rate (R10, R140, R270) at different heights (10, 140 and 270 cm).

表3 枝干呼吸与枝干温度的指数拟合方程和温度敏感系数(Q10)

Table 3 Fitted equations for stem respiration and temperature and temperature-sensitivity coefficient (Q10)

树种 Species	枝干高度 Stem height (cm)	回归方程 Regression equation	时间滞后 Time lag (min )	Q₁₀	R²
槐 Sophora japonica	10	Y = 0.8761e^0.0736^x	154	2.09	0.722^**
	140	Y = 0.9024e^0.0821^x	136	2.27	0.754^*
	270	Y = 1.0132e^0.0918^x	122	2.50	0.846^**
旱柳 Salix matsudana	10	Y = 0.8115e^0.0429^x	176	1.54	0.707^**
旱柳 Salix matsudana	140	Y = 0.9232e^0.0547^x	152	1.73	0.854^**
	270	Y = 0.9273e^0.0749^x	126	2.11	0.955^**

图4 不同高度枝干呼吸与温度相关性分析。

Fig. 4 Analysis of the relationship between stem respiration and temperature at different heights.

表4 协方差分析结果(因变量: 枝干呼吸日累计速率)

Table 4 Result of covariance analysis (Dependent variable: Daily stem respiration accumulation rate)

源 Source	类型Ⅲ平方和 Type III sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 Mean squares	F值 F values	显著性 Significance
校正模型 Corrected model	4 809.961^a	2	2 404.981	64.400	0.000
截距 Intercept	836.282	1	836.282	22.394	0.000
直径倒数 Inverse of diameter	3 700.128	1	3 700.128	99.081	0.000
树种 Species	335.130	1	335.130	8.974	0.009
误差 Error	560.168	15	37.345
总计 Summation	1 5220.594	18
校正总计 Summation correction	5 370.129	17

图5 槐和旱柳枝干呼吸日积累速率与受测直径倒数(D-1)的相关分析。

Fig. 5 Analysis of the relationship between the daily stem respiration accumulation per tree expressed on a volume basis and the inverse of stem diameter measured at the breast height (D-1) in Sophora japonica and Salix matsudana.

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