不同龄级速生杨人工林土壤微生物数量与养分动态变化

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00389

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过稀释平板法和常规化学分析法, 对伊犁河谷地区3种龄级(5年、10年、15年)的速生杨欧美黑杨(Populus × euramericana)人工林的土壤微生物数量、组成和土壤养分变化进行了研究。结果表明, 3种不同林龄林地土壤微生物集中分布在10-40 cm土层, 数量和种类组成随季节变化有明显差异。随着林龄的增长, 土壤微生物总数、细菌数量减少, 真菌和放线菌数量在10年生人工林最高, 这一规律随季节变化。三大类土壤微生物的组成比例相对稳定, 不随季节变化而变化。土壤有机碳、氮含量主要集中在0-20 cm土层, 随土壤深度的增加逐渐减少, 其含量及分布受季节和土壤深度不同程度的影响。土壤有机碳含量随林龄的增长而逐渐增高, 有机氮则先减后增。相关分析表明, 土壤微生物总数与土壤有机碳呈负相关, 真菌数量与土壤有机氮呈正相关。3种林地土壤有机C/N比与土壤细菌数量/真菌数量比例一致, 说明速生杨人工林在一定生长年龄内能提高土壤的固碳能力, 改善土壤肥力。

关键词: 速生杨人工林, 季节变化, 土壤微生物数量, 土壤有机碳, 土壤有机氮, 垂直分布

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to better understand the distribution and seasonal dynamics of soil microorganisms and soil nutrients of fast-growing Populus (Populus × euramericana) plantations of different ages (5, 10 and 15 years) in Yili Xinjiang, China.
Methods We investigated the number and species composition of soil microorganisms and organic carbon/ nitrogen by means of plate count and conventional chemical methods, respectively.
Important findings The three plantation forests were significantly different in microbial numbers and species compositions as affected by soil depth and season. The soil microbes were mainly distributed at 10-40 cm, and bacteria accounted the largest proportion. The total number of microorganisms and bacteria decreased with age, but the 15-year forest had the highest number of fungi and actinomycetes. The ratio of three kinds of microbial communities was relatively stable in soil and did not change with season. The content of soil organic carbon and nitrogen was mainly concentrated at 0-20 cm, decreased with increasing soil depth and responded differently to change of seasons and soil depth. Soil organic carbon increased with stand age, while nitrogen decreased and then increased. The correlation between soil microbes and soil organic carbon was negative, and the correlation between number of fungi and soil organic nitrogen was positive. The ratio of soil organic C/N was consistent with the ratio of bacteria number/actinomycetes number, illustrating poplar plantation forests fix carbon and improve soil fertility.

Key words: fast-growing Populus plantation forest, seasonal dynamics, soil microbial number, soil organic carbon, soil organic nitrogen, vertical distribution

安然, 龚吉蕊, 尤鑫, 葛之葳, 段庆伟, 晏欣. 不同龄级速生杨人工林土壤微生物数量与养分动态变化. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(4): 389-401. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00389

AN Ran, GONG Ji-Rui, YOU Xin, GE Zhi-Wei, DUAN Qing-Wei, YAN Xin. Seasonal dynamics of soil microorganisms and soil nutrients in fast-growing Populus plantation forests of different ages in Yili, Xinjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(4): 389-401. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00389

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图/表 8

参考文献 75

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定植年份Planted year	林地面积 Forest land area (m²)	株行距 Plant-row spacing (m × m)	郁闭度 Canopy coverage	平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	平均树高 Average tree height (m)	环境特点 Environmental characteristics
1993	6 750	1.5 × 3.0	0.4	33.58	24.55	南有灌溉渠, 其他三面为农田(玉米地) Surrounded with cornfield on three sides and an irrigation ditch in the south
1999	4 500	1.5 × 3.0	0.4	25.14	20.71	西有灌溉渠, 其他三面为农田(玉米地、甜菜地) Surrounded with corn and beets fields on three sides and an irrigation ditch in the west
2004	1 200	2.0 × 3.0	0.6	19.11	13.60	西有灌溉渠, 东、北两侧为玉米地, 南部为荒石滩 With an irrigation ditch in the west, cornfield in the east and north, stone beeches in the south

定植年份Planted year	林地面积 Forest land area (m²)	株行距 Plant-row spacing (m × m)	郁闭度 Canopy coverage	平均胸径 Average DBH (cm)	平均树高 Average tree height (m)	环境特点 Environmental characteristics
1993	6 750	1.5 × 3.0	0.4	33.58	24.55	南有灌溉渠, 其他三面为农田(玉米地) Surrounded with cornfield on three sides and an irrigation ditch in the south
1999	4 500	1.5 × 3.0	0.4	25.14	20.71	西有灌溉渠, 其他三面为农田(玉米地、甜菜地) Surrounded with corn and beets fields on three sides and an irrigation ditch in the west
2004	1 200	2.0 × 3.0	0.6	19.11	13.60	西有灌溉渠, 东、北两侧为玉米地, 南部为荒石滩 With an irrigation ditch in the west, cornfield in the east and north, stone beeches in the south

定植年份 Planted year	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	季节变化 Seasonal change
定植年份 Planted year	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
1993	0-10	887.88^aA	1 049.76^aA	3 774.53^aA	658.15^aA
	10-20	2 494.48^aB	4 190.90^aB	4 343.58^aB	3 514.43^aB
	20-40	2 745.20^aB	3 029.70^aB	3 700.20^aB	3 486.43^aB
	40-60	2 021.26^aAB	1 545.53^aAB	2 024.35^aAB	4 235.38^aAB
	总数 Total	2 037.21^a	2 453.97^a	3 460.66^b	2 973.60^b
1999	0-10	2 172.48^aA	1 811.35^aA	3 687.66^bA	2 120.55^bA
	10-20	3 360.98^aAB	4 883.53^aAB	7 813.43^bAB	10 748.78^bAB
	20-40	3 423.39^aB	2 722.08^aB	13 361.56^bB	13 681.05^bB
	40-60	2 318.05^aA	1 616.66^aA	4 032.88^bA	3 216.80^bA
	总数 Total	2 818.73^a	2 758.41^a	7 223.88^b	7 441.80^b
2004	0-10	1 810.50^aA	2 687.89^aA	3 954.01^aA	3 809.36^aA
	10-20	6 195.73^aB	9 852.38^aB	8 115.01^aB	5 094.43^aB
	20-40	3 151.86^aB	7 893.81^aB	8 141.33^aB	10 159.48^aB
	40-60	4 173.30^aA	6 053.18^aA	2 574.03^aA	2 920.98^aA
	总数 Total	3 832.85^a	6 621.82^b	5 696.09^b	5 496.06^b

定植年份 Planted year	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	季节变化 Seasonal change
定植年份 Planted year	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September
1993	0-10	887.88^aA	1 049.76^aA	3 774.53^aA	658.15^aA
	10-20	2 494.48^aB	4 190.90^aB	4 343.58^aB	3 514.43^aB
	20-40	2 745.20^aB	3 029.70^aB	3 700.20^aB	3 486.43^aB
	40-60	2 021.26^aAB	1 545.53^aAB	2 024.35^aAB	4 235.38^aAB
	总数 Total	2 037.21^a	2 453.97^a	3 460.66^b	2 973.60^b
1999	0-10	2 172.48^aA	1 811.35^aA	3 687.66^bA	2 120.55^bA
	10-20	3 360.98^aAB	4 883.53^aAB	7 813.43^bAB	10 748.78^bAB
	20-40	3 423.39^aB	2 722.08^aB	13 361.56^bB	13 681.05^bB
	40-60	2 318.05^aA	1 616.66^aA	4 032.88^bA	3 216.80^bA
	总数 Total	2 818.73^a	2 758.41^a	7 223.88^b	7 441.80^b
2004	0-10	1 810.50^aA	2 687.89^aA	3 954.01^aA	3 809.36^aA
	10-20	6 195.73^aB	9 852.38^aB	8 115.01^aB	5 094.43^aB
	20-40	3 151.86^aB	7 893.81^aB	8 141.33^aB	10 159.48^aB
	40-60	4 173.30^aA	6 053.18^aA	2 574.03^aA	2 920.98^aA
	总数 Total	3 832.85^a	6 621.82^b	5 696.09^b	5 496.06^b

土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	细菌 Bacteria			真菌 Fungi			放线菌 Actinomycetes
土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)	1993	1999	2004	1993	1999	2004	1993	1999	2004
0-10	1 532.50^a*	2 393.75^a*	3 001.88^a*	31.59^a*	21.57^a*	34.91^a	28.49^a	32.70^a	28.66^a
10-20	3 546.88^b*	6 621.05^b*	7 223.13^b*	52.65^b*	50.41^b*	60.94^b	39.06^a	30.22^a	41.19^a*
20-40	3 175.00^bc*	8 204.38^b*	7 283.13^b*	35.77^a*	57.17^b*	32.89^a	29.61^a	35.47^a	20.60^ab
40-60	2 404.38^ac*	2 741.25^a*	4 221.67^a*	30.60^a*	34.09^ab	32.07^a	21.65^a	20.76^a	13.10^b*
总数 Total	2 664.69^A*	4 990.11^B*	5 432.45^C*	37.65^A	40.81^A	40.20^A	29.70^A	29.79^A	25.89^A