新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄不同部位藻类的垂直分布特征

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.025

植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 456-464.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.025

新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄不同部位藻类的垂直分布特征

张丙昌¹^,²^,³, 赵建成³^,^*(), 张元明¹, 李敏³, 张静¹^,²

1 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011
2 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2006-10-26 接受日期:2007-08-28 出版日期:2008-10-26 发布日期:2008-03-30
通讯作者: 赵建成
作者简介:* E-mail: zhaojiancheng@hebtu.edu.cn
第一联系人：
感谢阜康荒漠生态系统国家试验研究站在实验过程中提供的帮助和大力支持
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(40571085);国家自然科学基金(40771032);国家自然科学基金(407714);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-343);中国科学院研究生科学与社会实践资助项目《古尔班通古特沙漠藻类分布规律调查》

VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAE IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF SAND DUNES IN THE GURBANTUNGGUT DESERT,XINJIANG, CHINA

ZHANG Bing-Chang¹^,²^,³, ZHAO Jian-Cheng³^,^*(), ZHANG Yuan-Ming¹, LI Min³, ZHANG Jing¹^,²

¹Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
²Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, and 3College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China

Received:2006-10-26 Accepted:2007-08-28 Online:2008-10-26 Published:2008-03-30
Contact: ZHAO Jian-Cheng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过2005和2006年夏季两次对新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南部荒漠土壤中藻类植物进行采样、培养、鉴定和生物量测定,分析了该区沙漠沙垄不同部位藻类物种组成、优势种和生物量的垂直变化。结果表明:1)在不同地貌部位的不同层次中,藻类的种类组成均有所差异。2)藻类优势物种主要集中在0~2 cm层次中,2 cm以下的土层中藻类细胞很少,绝大部分土层以具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)为第一优势种,有些部位的土层中第一优势种是伪双点颤藻(Oscillatoria pseudogeminata),如垄间低地和迎风坡的1~2 cm中。此外,大型集胞藻(Synechocystis crassa)、舟形藻(Navicula sp.)、卵圆双眉藻(Amphora ovalis)数量也较多。3)除垄顶外,藻类生物量在其它3个部位不同层次的差异呈极显著水平(p<0.01),生物量由表及里锐减;在同一土层,藻类生物量基本表现为垄间低地最高,迎风坡与背风坡居中,垄顶最低,不同地貌部位对藻类生物量影响呈显著或极显著水平。

关键词: 荒漠藻类, 垂直分布, 生物量, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract:

Aims It is well known that desert algae play significant and irreplaceable roles in the early formation and structural maintenance of the biological soil crusts. Although species composition and community structure of algae have been widely studied, only a few investigations have been made on the vertical distribution of soil algae in deserts. Our objective was to further reveal species community structure and ecological distribution of desert algae in vertical layers.
Methods We selected typical sand dunes in the Third Site of the southern Gurbantunggut Desert and collected 112 soil samples twice in summers of 2005 and 2006. Using a fixed section from different locations of the sand dunes, we gathered soil samples at serial sections of 0-0.5,0.5-1,1-2, 2-5 cm depth respectively. Algae species were identified by direct microscopic observation and liquid culture observation (dominant species were identified by direct observation). Each sample was checked three times, with ten observations for each sample. Algae biomass was determined by measurement of chlorophyll a.
Important findings Algae species composition differ among soil layers. Dominant algae species are mainly in the 0-2 cm layers and seldom exist in lower layers. The most dominant algae species in most layers is Microcoleus vaginatus. In 1-2 cm layers of interdune and windward, Oscillatoria pseudogeminata is the most dominant. In addition, Synechocystis crassa, Navicula sp. and Amphora ovalis are more dominant than other algae. Except for the top of sand dunes, algae biomass in different layers exhibited highly significant differences (p<0.01) at other locations. Algal biomass dramatically decreased with soil depth from the surface to lower levels. At the same soil depths, algae biomass declined from the inter dune position to the windward and leeward, to the top, with differences highly significant (p<0.01) or significant (p<0.05).

Key words: desert algae, vertical distribution, biomass, Gurbantunggut Desert

张丙昌, 赵建成, 张元明, 李敏, 张静. 新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄不同部位藻类的垂直分布特征. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(2): 456-464. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.025

ZHANG Bing-Chang, ZHAO Jian-Cheng, ZHANG Yuan-Ming, LI Min, ZHANG Jing. VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAE IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF SAND DUNES IN THE GURBANTUNGGUT DESERT,XINJIANG, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(2): 456-464. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.025

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图/表 6

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地貌部位 Locations of sand dune	层次 Layers (cm)	特有种类 Special species	共有种类 Common species
垄间低地 Inter dune	0~0.5	膨胀色球藻(Chroococcus turgidus)、束缚色球藻(C. tenax)、大型集胞藻(Synechocystis crassa)、尖细颤藻(Oscillatoria acuminate)、拟短形颤藻(O. subbrevis)、威利颤藻(O. willei)、颗粒颤藻(O. granulate)、隐鞘鞘丝藻(Lyngbya cryptovaginata)、胶质席藻(Phormidium gelatinosum)、束球藻(Gomphosphacria sp.)、腔球藻 (Coelosphaerium sp.)、浅蓝粘囊藻(Myxosarcina amethyetina)、实球藻 (Pandorina sp.)、羽纹藻(Pinnularia sp.)、桥弯藻(Cymbella sp.)	惠氏色球藻(C. westii).、铜绿集球藻(Synechococcus aeruginosus)、小集球藻(S. parvus)、小颤藻(O. tenuis)、皮质颤藻(O. cortiana)、节球藻 (Nodularia sp.)、土生绿球藻(Chlorococcum hum- icola)、舟形藻(Navicula sp.)
	0.5~1	奥克尼颤藻(Oscillatoria okeni)、断裂颤藻(O. fracta)、给水颤藻(O. granulate)、渐细鞘丝藻(Lyngbya attenuate)、纤细鞘丝藻(L.gracilis)、韧氏席藻(Phormidium retzli)、方形微胞藻(Microspora puadrata)
	1~2	阿氏颤藻(Oscillatoria agardhii)、绿色颤藻(O. chlorine)、念珠藻(Nostoc sp.)、脆杆藻(Fragilaria sp.)
	2~5	利斯莫尔鞘丝藻(Lyngbya lismorensis)、含钙席藻(Phormidium calcicola)、席藻(Phormidium sp.)、尖头藻(Raphidiopsis sp.)、鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)、水鞘藻(Hydrocoleus sp.)
迎风坡 Windward of sand dune	0~0.5	膨胀色球藻单生变种(Chroococcus turgidus var. solitarius)、束缚色球藻(C. tenax)、隐球藻(Aphanocapsa sp.)、拟短形颤藻(O. subbrevis)、渐细鞘丝藻、纤细鞘丝藻、席藻、粘囊藻(Myxosarcina sp.)、团藻(Volvox sp.)、绿梭藻(Chlorogonium sp.)	铜绿集球藻、小集球藻、具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)、泡沫节球藻 (Nodularia spumigena)、土生绿球藻、脆杆藻、卵圆双眉藻(Amphora ovalis)、裸藻(Euglena sp.)
	0.5~1	奥克尼颤藻、美丽颤藻(O. Formosa)、眉藻(Calothrix sp.)、衣藻 (Chlamydomonas sp.)、舟形藻
	1~2	集胞藻(Synechocystis sp.)、窝形席藻(P. faveolarum)、双尖菱板藻(Hantzschia amphioxys)、鳞孔藻(Lepocinclis sp.)
	2~5	给水颤藻、鞘丝藻、含钙席藻、鱼腥藻、细丝藻(Ulothrix tenerrima)
垄顶 Top of sand dune	0~0.5	棕黄微囊藻(Microystis fusco-lutea)、尖头藻、鱼腥藻、卵形衣藻(C. ovalis)	铜绿集球藻、小集球藻、包氏颤藻(O. boryana)、土生绿球藻、舟形藻、双尖菱板藻
	0.5~1	膨胀色球藻单生变种、绿色颤藻、阿氏鞘丝藻(Lyngbya allogei)、伪枝藻(Scytaonema sp.)
	1~2	美丽颤藻、鳞孔藻(Lepocinclis sp.)
	2~5	集胞藻、拟短形颤藻、鞘丝藻、舟形藻
背风坡 Leeward of sand dune	0~0.5	微小色球藻(Chroococcus minutus)、膨胀色球藻单生变种、棕黄微囊藻、皮质颤藻、钻头颤藻(Oscillatoria terebriformis)、威利颤藻、渐细鞘丝藻、束球藻、粘球藻(Gloeocapsa sp.)、隐球藻、球衣藻(C. globosa)、细丝藻	铜绿集球藻、具鞘微鞘藻、土生绿球藻、衣藻、舟形藻、卵圆双眉藻
	0.5~1	美丽颤藻、鞘丝藻、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、集球藻(Palmellococcus miniatus)、脆杆藻、舟形藻、池生菱形藻(Nitzschia stagnorum)、瓣胞藻(Petalomonas sp.)
	1~2	颗粒颤藻、马林颤藻(Oscillatoria martini)、席藻、实球藻
	2~5	包氏颤藻、鱼腥藻

地貌部位 Locations of sand dune	层次 Layers (cm)	特有种类 Special species	共有种类 Common species
垄间低地 Inter dune	0~0.5	膨胀色球藻(Chroococcus turgidus)、束缚色球藻(C. tenax)、大型集胞藻(Synechocystis crassa)、尖细颤藻(Oscillatoria acuminate)、拟短形颤藻(O. subbrevis)、威利颤藻(O. willei)、颗粒颤藻(O. granulate)、隐鞘鞘丝藻(Lyngbya cryptovaginata)、胶质席藻(Phormidium gelatinosum)、束球藻(Gomphosphacria sp.)、腔球藻 (Coelosphaerium sp.)、浅蓝粘囊藻(Myxosarcina amethyetina)、实球藻 (Pandorina sp.)、羽纹藻(Pinnularia sp.)、桥弯藻(Cymbella sp.)	惠氏色球藻(C. westii).、铜绿集球藻(Synechococcus aeruginosus)、小集球藻(S. parvus)、小颤藻(O. tenuis)、皮质颤藻(O. cortiana)、节球藻 (Nodularia sp.)、土生绿球藻(Chlorococcum hum- icola)、舟形藻(Navicula sp.)
	0.5~1	奥克尼颤藻(Oscillatoria okeni)、断裂颤藻(O. fracta)、给水颤藻(O. granulate)、渐细鞘丝藻(Lyngbya attenuate)、纤细鞘丝藻(L.gracilis)、韧氏席藻(Phormidium retzli)、方形微胞藻(Microspora puadrata)
	1~2	阿氏颤藻(Oscillatoria agardhii)、绿色颤藻(O. chlorine)、念珠藻(Nostoc sp.)、脆杆藻(Fragilaria sp.)
	2~5	利斯莫尔鞘丝藻(Lyngbya lismorensis)、含钙席藻(Phormidium calcicola)、席藻(Phormidium sp.)、尖头藻(Raphidiopsis sp.)、鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)、水鞘藻(Hydrocoleus sp.)
迎风坡 Windward of sand dune	0~0.5	膨胀色球藻单生变种(Chroococcus turgidus var. solitarius)、束缚色球藻(C. tenax)、隐球藻(Aphanocapsa sp.)、拟短形颤藻(O. subbrevis)、渐细鞘丝藻、纤细鞘丝藻、席藻、粘囊藻(Myxosarcina sp.)、团藻(Volvox sp.)、绿梭藻(Chlorogonium sp.)	铜绿集球藻、小集球藻、具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)、泡沫节球藻 (Nodularia spumigena)、土生绿球藻、脆杆藻、卵圆双眉藻(Amphora ovalis)、裸藻(Euglena sp.)
	0.5~1	奥克尼颤藻、美丽颤藻(O. Formosa)、眉藻(Calothrix sp.)、衣藻 (Chlamydomonas sp.)、舟形藻
	1~2	集胞藻(Synechocystis sp.)、窝形席藻(P. faveolarum)、双尖菱板藻(Hantzschia amphioxys)、鳞孔藻(Lepocinclis sp.)
	2~5	给水颤藻、鞘丝藻、含钙席藻、鱼腥藻、细丝藻(Ulothrix tenerrima)
垄顶 Top of sand dune	0~0.5	棕黄微囊藻(Microystis fusco-lutea)、尖头藻、鱼腥藻、卵形衣藻(C. ovalis)	铜绿集球藻、小集球藻、包氏颤藻(O. boryana)、土生绿球藻、舟形藻、双尖菱板藻
	0.5~1	膨胀色球藻单生变种、绿色颤藻、阿氏鞘丝藻(Lyngbya allogei)、伪枝藻(Scytaonema sp.)
	1~2	美丽颤藻、鳞孔藻(Lepocinclis sp.)
	2~5	集胞藻、拟短形颤藻、鞘丝藻、舟形藻
背风坡 Leeward of sand dune	0~0.5	微小色球藻(Chroococcus minutus)、膨胀色球藻单生变种、棕黄微囊藻、皮质颤藻、钻头颤藻(Oscillatoria terebriformis)、威利颤藻、渐细鞘丝藻、束球藻、粘球藻(Gloeocapsa sp.)、隐球藻、球衣藻(C. globosa)、细丝藻	铜绿集球藻、具鞘微鞘藻、土生绿球藻、衣藻、舟形藻、卵圆双眉藻
	0.5~1	美丽颤藻、鞘丝藻、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、集球藻(Palmellococcus miniatus)、脆杆藻、舟形藻、池生菱形藻(Nitzschia stagnorum)、瓣胞藻(Petalomonas sp.)
	1~2	颗粒颤藻、马林颤藻(Oscillatoria martini)、席藻、实球藻
	2~5	包氏颤藻、鱼腥藻

地貌部位 Locations of sand dune	层次 Layers (cm)	优势种 Dominant species
垄间低地 Inter dune	0~0.5	无明显优势藻种 No obvious dominant species
	0.5~1	具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)、大型集胞藻(Synechocystis crassa)
	1~2	伪双点颤藻(Oscillatoria pseudogeminata)、舟形藻(Navicula sp.)
迎风坡 Windward of sand dune	0~0.5	具鞘微鞘藻、惠氏色球藻(Chroococcus westii)、卵圆双眉藻(Amphora ovalis)
	0.5~1	具鞘微鞘藻、卵圆双眉藻、伪双点颤藻
	1~2	伪双点颤藻、舟形藻
垄顶 Top of sand dune	0~0.5	具鞘微鞘藻、舟形藻、伪双点颤藻
	0.5~1	具鞘微鞘藻、舟形藻
	1~2	具鞘微鞘藻
背风坡 Leeward of sand dune	0~0.5	具鞘微鞘藻、卵圆双眉藻、微小色球藻(Chroococcus minutus)
	0.5~1	具鞘微鞘藻、窝形席藻(Phormidium okenii)
	1~2	具鞘微鞘藻、伪双点颤藻、舟形藻

地貌部位 Locations of sand dune	层次 Layers (cm)	优势种 Dominant species
垄间低地 Inter dune	0~0.5	无明显优势藻种 No obvious dominant species
	0.5~1	具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)、大型集胞藻(Synechocystis crassa)
	1~2	伪双点颤藻(Oscillatoria pseudogeminata)、舟形藻(Navicula sp.)
迎风坡 Windward of sand dune	0~0.5	具鞘微鞘藻、惠氏色球藻(Chroococcus westii)、卵圆双眉藻(Amphora ovalis)
	0.5~1	具鞘微鞘藻、卵圆双眉藻、伪双点颤藻
	1~2	伪双点颤藻、舟形藻
垄顶 Top of sand dune	0~0.5	具鞘微鞘藻、舟形藻、伪双点颤藻
	0.5~1	具鞘微鞘藻、舟形藻
	1~2	具鞘微鞘藻
背风坡 Leeward of sand dune	0~0.5	具鞘微鞘藻、卵圆双眉藻、微小色球藻(Chroococcus minutus)
	0.5~1	具鞘微鞘藻、窝形席藻(Phormidium okenii)
	1~2	具鞘微鞘藻、伪双点颤藻、舟形藻

新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄不同部位藻类的垂直分布特征

VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAE IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF SAND DUNES IN THE GURBANTUNGGUT DESERT,XINJIANG, CHINA

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