不同生境下荒漠植物红砂-珍珠猪毛菜混生根系的垂直分布规律

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0300

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物种间相互作用及其对环境胁迫的响应一直是物种共存和生物多样性维持研究的一个热点, 从地下根系入手来探讨混生群落植物种间关系及其对环境胁迫响应的研究少见报道。该文以荒漠草原区(灵武)、典型荒漠区(张掖)和极端荒漠区(酒泉) 3个不同生境条件下单生与混生红砂(Reaumuria soongarica)和珍珠猪毛菜(Salsola passerina)为实验材料, 采用分层取样法对其垂直根系参数进行测定和分析, 探讨了两种植物根系分布对混生及荒漠环境梯度的响应。结果表明: 同一生境条件下, 混生红砂和珍珠猪毛菜比根长和比表面积均高于单生, 说明红砂、珍珠猪毛菜混生后其根系相互作用关系表现为互惠, 促进了植株对土壤养分和水分的吸收。不同生境条件下, 同一生长方式的红砂根系分布深度均大于珍珠猪毛菜, 且根系消弱系数也普遍高于珍珠猪毛菜, 说明二者在不同生境条件下占据不同生态位, 红砂表现为深根性, 根系位于土壤深层, 珍珠猪毛菜表现为浅根性, 根系分布于土壤浅层。随着荒漠环境胁迫增强, 单生和混生红砂与珍珠猪毛菜的比根长和比表面积均呈现出极端荒漠区>典型荒漠区>草原荒漠区的规律, 且生境越干旱, 混生群落根系分离越明显; 单生与混生红砂根系消弱系数也逐渐增大, 在极端干旱区达到最大值, 珍珠猪毛菜变化不大, 表明红砂-珍珠猪毛菜混生群落根系生态位分离随荒漠环境胁迫增强而加大, 验证了环境胁迫梯度假说。可见“地上聚生, 地下分离”的混生方式可能是红砂-珍珠猪毛菜混生群落适应干旱胁迫环境的生长策略。

关键词: 根系垂直分布, 根系消弱系数, 种间关系, 环境胁迫梯度假说, 红砂, 珍珠猪毛菜

Abstract:

Aims How plant species interaction changes along environmental gradients has remained a hot issue in studies of species coexistence and biodiversity maintenance. This study was conducted to determine the responses of root systems to drought stress in desert Reaumuria soongarica-Salsola passerina communities, in order to better understand the interspecific relationships of plant communities in response to environmental stresses.

Methods Monocultural and mixed R. soongarica and S. passerina communities were selected in Lingwu, Zhangye and Jiuquan, representing a drought stress gradient varying from desert steppe habitat to extreme desert habitat. Measurements were made on the vertical structures of root traits including specific root length (SRL) and specific root surface area (SRA). Root samples were collected by trench method by layers.

Important findings Both SRL and SRA had greater values in mixed R. soongarica-S. passerina communities than in monocultural communities of either species within given habitat, suggesting a mutually beneficial relationship between the two species and the enhanced ability of roots to absorb soil nutrients and water when in mixture. Reaumuria soongarica had deeper roots and a greater root extinction coefficient in vertical distribution than S. passerina in either monocultural or mixed communities, indicating the belowground niche segregation between the two species. We also found that greater the environmental stress, the higher values of SRL and SRA in both R. soongarica and S. passerina. The root extinction coefficient was about the same between the monocultural and mixed communities for R. soongarica, but changed a little for S. passerina. With increasing drought stress, the belowground niche segregation became more apparent, conforming to the stress gradient hypothesis. The observed patterns of aggregation aboveground and segregation belowground between R. soongarica and S. passerina in the mixed communities might be an adaptive strategy to drought environment of these two desert plant species.

Key words: vertical root system, root extinction coefficient, interspecific relationship, stress gradient hypothesis, Reaumuria soongarica, Salsola passerina

单立山, 苏铭, 张正中, 王洋, 王珊, 李毅. 不同生境下荒漠植物红砂-珍珠猪毛菜混生根系的垂直分布规律. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(4): 475-486. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0300

Li-Shan SHAN, Ming SU, Zheng-Zhong ZHANG, Yang WANG, Shan WANG, Yi LI. Vertical distribution pattern of mixed root systems of desert plants Reaumuria soongarica and Salsola passerina under different environmental gradients. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(4): 475-486. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0300

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0300

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I4/475

图/表 6

表1 研究区水热条件比较

Table 1 Comparison of hydrothermal conditions in the study areas

采样点 Sample site	平均海拔 Mean elevation (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (°C)	年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm)	年蒸发量 Mean annual evaporation (mm)	年日照时间 Mean annual sunshine times (h)
灵武 Lingwu	1 278	8.9	213	1 762	3 011
张掖 Zhangye	1 590	6.0	110	2 003	3 075
酒泉 Jiuquan	1 500	7.5	58	2 038	3 228

图1 不同生境下单生和混生的红砂与珍珠猪毛菜根系比根长的垂直分布特征(平均值±标准误差)。A, 灵武红砂。B, 张掖红砂。C, 酒泉红砂。D, 灵武珍珠猪毛菜。E, 张掖珍珠猪毛菜。F, 酒泉珍珠猪毛菜。*表示同一生境下同层单生和混生红砂或珍珠猪毛菜的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 The vertical distributions of specific root length (SRL) in monocultural and mixed communities of Reaumuria soongarica and Salsola passerina in different habitats (mean ± SE). A, R. soongarica in Lingwu. B, R. soongarica in Zhangye. C, R. soongarica in Jiuquan. D, S. passerina in Lingwu. E, S. passerina in Zhangye. F, S. passerina in Jiuquan. * indicates the significant difference between monocultural and mixed communities of R. soongarica and S. passerina within the same habitat (p < 0.05).

表2 环境胁迫梯度和生长方式对红砂和珍珠猪毛菜比根长(SRL)、比表面积(SRA)、根系生物量(RB)和根系消弱系数(β)影响的双因素方差分析(F值)

Table 2 Two-way ANOVA (F-values) of the effects of environmental stress gradient and community type on specific root length (SRL), specific root surface area (SRA), root biomass (RB) and root extinction coefficients (β) in Reaumuria soongarica and Salsola passerina

变异来源 Source of variation	红砂 R. soongarica				珍珠猪毛菜 S. passerina
变异来源 Source of variation	SRL	SRA	RB	β	SRL	SRA	RB	β
环境梯度 Environment gradient	0.444	1.237	121.887^**	2.104	1.554	1.363	28.556^**	0.844
生长方式 Community type	0.224	1.212	84.367^**	2.194	0.284	1.083	106.824^**	3.265
环境梯度×生长方式 Environment gradient × community type	2.797	0.080	14.944^**	2.303	1.978	0.088	18.258^**	1.398

图2 不同生境下单生和混生的红砂与珍珠猪毛菜根系比表面积的垂直分布特征(平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 2 The vertical distributions of specific root surface area (SRA) in monocultural and mixed communities of Reaumuria soongarica and Salsola passerina in different habitats (mean ± SE).

图3 不同生境下单生和混生的红砂与珍珠猪毛菜根系生物量的垂直分布特征(平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 3 The vertical distributions of biomass between in monocultural and mixed communities of Reaumuria soongarica and Salsola passerina in different habitats (mean ± SE).

表3 不同生境下单生和混生红砂与珍珠猪毛菜的根系消弱系数(β)与决定系数(R2)(平均值±标准误差)

Table 3 The root extinction coefficients (β) and coefficient of determination (R2) in Reaumuria soongarica and Salsola passerina of monocultural and mixed communities in different habitats (mean ± SE)

物种 Species	生长方式 Interspecific relationship	灵武 Lingwu		张掖 Zhangye		酒泉 Jiuquan
物种 Species	生长方式 Interspecific relationship	β	R²	β	R²	β	R²
红砂 R. soongarica	单生 Monocultural	0.934β9 ± 0.002β4	0.981β8	0.941β2 ± 0.007β8	0.929β1	0.942β4 ± 0.011β2	0.936β7
红砂 R. soongarica	混生 Mixed	0.934β9 ± 0.011β2	0.962β0	0.942β1 ± 0.025β6	0.897β1	0.943β7 ± 0.004β5	0.968β6
珍珠猪毛菜 S. passerina	单生 Monocultural	0.875β8 ± 0.007β8^a	0.949β9	0.921β7 ± 0.026β1	0.947β6	0.896β5 ± 0.004β9	0.902β3
珍珠猪毛菜 S. passerina	混生 Mixed	0.925β3 ± 0.006β0^b	0.986β1	0.919β3 ± 0.025β1	0.870β8	0.918β1 ± 0.003β9	0.923β4

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