植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 487-497.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0298
所属专题: 凋落物
出版日期:
2018-04-20
发布日期:
2018-03-08
基金资助:
Wen-Jing CHEN,Lu GONG*(),Yu-Tong LIU
Online:
2018-04-20
Published:
2018-03-08
摘要:
季节性雪被下显著的冻融格局差异可能对干旱区山地森林凋落叶分解过程产生重要影响, 但一直未见深入研究。2015年10月至2016年10月, 采用凋落物分解袋法, 研究了天山典型树种雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)凋落叶在季节性雪被覆盖下的3个关键时期(冻融期、深冻期、融冻期)以及生长季(生长季早期和生长季末期)的分解动态和碳、氮、磷释放特征。结果表明: (1)经过一年的分解, 不同雪被厚度下雪岭云杉凋落叶分解率为24.6%-29.2%, 且存在显著性差异。分解系数k值厚雪被覆盖最大, 无雪被覆盖最小。(2)冬季雪被覆盖期雪岭云杉凋落叶分解对当年分解总量的贡献达46.0%- 48.5%, 其中对冻融期凋落叶分解影响较为明显。(3)随着凋落叶的分解, 雪岭云杉凋落叶氮含量总体呈增加趋势; 碳含量和碳氮比大致呈下降趋势, 在深冻期和生长季末期不同雪被处理下碳含量呈显著性差异; 而凋落叶磷含量呈不规则变化趋势, 且在冻融期和融冻期不同雪被厚度下呈显著性差异。(4)整个雪被覆盖季节凋落叶氮元素表现为富集, 碳和磷元素表现为释放; 其中, 在融冻期薄雪被和中雪被处理下碳元素富集率最大, 在冻融期薄雪被、中雪被和厚雪被处理下, 融冻期无雪被和厚雪被下以及生长季早期中雪被和厚雪被下氮元素富集率最大, 而雪被对凋落叶磷释放的影响不显著。
陈文静, 贡璐, 刘雨桐. 季节性雪被对天山雪岭云杉凋落叶分解和碳氮磷释放的影响. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(4): 487-497. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0298
Wen-Jing CHEN, Lu GONG, Yu-Tong LIU. Effects of seasonal snow cover on decomposition and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus release of Picea schrenkiana leaf litter in Mt. Tianshan, Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(4): 487-497. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0298
图1 不同采样时间雪被厚度变化动态(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)。小写字母表示相同采样日期不同雪被厚度间的差异性(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 1 Thickness changes of snow cover in different sampling time (mean ± SD, n = 5). The lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different snow cover thickness for the same sampling date (p < 0.05).
图2 研究样地不同雪被厚度下土壤温度动态。DFP, 深冻期; EGS, 生长季早期; FTP, 冻融期; LGS, 生长季末期; TP, 融冻期。
Fig. 2 Dynamics of soil temperature under different depths of snow cover in the sampling forest. DFP, deep-freeze period; EGS, early growing season; FTP, freeze-thaw period; LGS, late growing season; TP, thawing period.
图3 不同雪被厚度下雪岭云杉凋落叶质量损失率(平均值±标准偏差, n = 5)。DFP, 深冻期; EGS, 生长季早期; FTP, 冻融期; LGS, 生长季末期; TP, 融冻期。大写字母表示相同时期不同雪被厚度差异性; 小写字母表示相同雪被厚度不同时期差异性(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 3 Mass loss rates of Picea schrenkiana leaf litter under different depths of snow cover (mean ± SD, n = 5). DFP, deep-freeze period; EGS, early growing season; FTP, freeze-thaw period; LGS, late growing season; TP, thawing period. The capital letters indicate the difference of same period in different snow thickness. The lowercase letters indicate the difference of same snow thickness in different periods (p < 0.05).
雪被 Snow cover | 回归方程 Regression model | 分解系数 k Decomposition constant k | 相关系数 r Correlation coefficient r | 半分解时间 Time of half decomposition (a) | 95%分解时间 Time of 95% decomposition (a) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
厚雪被 Thick snow cover | y = 98.009e-0.310x | 0.310 | 0.97 | 2.336 | 9.664 |
中雪被 Medium snow cover | y = 98.592e-0.296x | 0.296 | 0.98 | 2.342 | 10.121 |
薄雪被 Thin snow cover | y = 98.556e-0.277x | 0.277 | 0.98 | 2.502 | 10.815 |
无雪被 No snow cover | y = 99.251e-0.273x | 0.273 | 0.98 | 2.539 | 10.973 |
表1 雪岭云杉凋落叶非线性回归拟合Olson指数模型
Table 1 Non-linear regression fitting Olson exponent model for leaf litter of Picea schrenkiana
雪被 Snow cover | 回归方程 Regression model | 分解系数 k Decomposition constant k | 相关系数 r Correlation coefficient r | 半分解时间 Time of half decomposition (a) | 95%分解时间 Time of 95% decomposition (a) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
厚雪被 Thick snow cover | y = 98.009e-0.310x | 0.310 | 0.97 | 2.336 | 9.664 |
中雪被 Medium snow cover | y = 98.592e-0.296x | 0.296 | 0.98 | 2.342 | 10.121 |
薄雪被 Thin snow cover | y = 98.556e-0.277x | 0.277 | 0.98 | 2.502 | 10.815 |
无雪被 No snow cover | y = 99.251e-0.273x | 0.273 | 0.98 | 2.539 | 10.973 |
图4 不同雪被厚度下不同时期对雪岭云杉凋落叶质量损失的贡献率。DFP, 深冻期; EGS, 生长季早期; FTP, 冻融期; LGS, 生长季末期; TP, 融冻期。
Fig. 4 Proportional contribution (%) of the decomposition in different periods to the total decomposition of Picea schrenkiana leaf litter under different depths of snow cover. DFP, deep- freeze period; EGS, early growing season; FTP, freeze-thaw period; LGS, late growing season; TP, thawing period.
图5 不同雪被厚度下雪岭云杉凋落叶氮、磷、碳含量及碳氮比的动态变化。DFP, 深冻期; EGS, 生长季早期; FTP, 冻融期; LGS, 生长季末期; TP, 融冻期。initial, 初始期。*, 同一时期不同厚度雪被斑块间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 5 Dynamics of C, N, P contents and C:N in Picea schrenkiana leaf litter under different depths of snow cover. DFP, deep-freeze period; EGS, early growing season; FTP, freeze-thaw period; LGS, late growing season; TP, thawing period. initial, initial period. *, significant difference among different snow cover thickness in the same period (p < 0.05).
图6 不同时期不同雪被厚度下凋落叶分解过程中碳、氮、磷的释放率(平均值±标准偏差, n = 4)。DFP, 深冻期; EGS, 生长季早期; FTP, 冻融期; LGS, 生长季末期; TP, 融冻期。不同小写字母表示同一时期不同雪被厚度间差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 6 Release rates of C, N, P in leaf litter during decomposition under snow cover with different depths in different period (mean ± SD, n = 4). DFP, deep-freeze period; EGS, early growing season; FTP, freeze-thaw period; LGS, late growing season; TP, thawing period. Different small letters meant significant difference among different snow thickness in the same period (p < 0.05).
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