植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 264-278.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0298
所属专题: 生态化学计量
• 综述 • 上一篇
杨清培, 欧阳明, 杨光耀(), 宋庆妮, 郭春兰, 方向民, 陈昕, 黄兰, 陈伏生
收稿日期:
2015-08-13
修回日期:
2016-12-27
出版日期:
2016-04-11
发布日期:
2016-03-25
基金资助:
Qing-Pei YANG, Ming OUYANG, Guang-Yao YANG*(), Qing-Ni SONG, Chun-Lan GUO, Xiang-Min FANG, Xin CHEN, Lan HUANG, Fu-Sheng CHEN
Received:
2015-08-13
Revised:
2016-12-27
Online:
2016-04-11
Published:
2016-03-25
Contact:
Guang-Yao YANG
摘要:
竹子生态经营与养分管理需要一个系统化的理论做指导。该文试以多重元素含量及比率为线索, 归纳近年竹子生物学、生态学、培育学等领域的研究成果, 以期形成竹子生态化学计量学, 为竹林可持续发展提供有力支持。综述认为: (1)竹子具有独特的化学计量内平衡特征, 其叶片C:N:P平均值为380:16:1; (2)竹子器官、年龄、发育阶段等内在因素和土壤、气候、采伐等外部环境都会影响竹子化学计量内平衡; (3)竹子生态化学计量变化会影响开花结实、发笋成竹、养分吸收、光合作用、克隆扩张、群落发展等生理生态学过程, 也影响到竹材(笋)数量与品质的形成; (4)生态化学计量学原理已初步用于指导竹林养分诊断、平衡施肥和优质高产培育等生产实践。可见竹子生态化学计量学可将竹子生物特性、生态过程和生产经营紧密联系起来, 然而这方面的工作才刚开始, 建议今后应加强多竹种多重元素内平衡维持机制、竹材(笋)品质形成原理、竹子-土壤互作过程、养分诊断与平衡施肥、竹林生态系统养分优化管理等方面的研究, 以促进竹林生产和环境保护。
杨清培, 欧阳明, 杨光耀, 宋庆妮, 郭春兰, 方向民, 陈昕, 黄兰, 陈伏生. 竹子生态化学计量学研究: 从生物学基础到竹林培育学应用. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(3): 264-278. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0298
Qing-Pei YANG, Ming OUYANG, Guang-Yao YANG, Qing-Ni SONG, Chun-Lan GUO, Xiang-Min FANG, Xin CHEN, Lan HUANG, Fu-Sheng CHEN. Research on ecological stoichiometry in bamboos: From biological basis to applications in silviculture of bamboo forests. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(3): 264-278. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0298
图1 竹子化学计量内平衡的影响因子及对植物功能的级联效应模型(仿Méndez & Karlsson (2005))。
Fig. 1 A conceptual model of the factors influencing the ecological stoichiometry in bamboos and the cascading effects on plant functions (modified after Méndez & Karlsson (2005)).
叶片养分 Elements in leaves | 养分水平 Dosage of nutrients | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
极缺 Scarce | 缺乏 Deficient | 适量 Adequate | 高量 Excessive | |
N (g·kg-1) | <20.0 | 20.0-25.0 | 25.0-30.0 | >30 |
P (g·kg-1) | <1.0 | 1.0-1.3 | 1.3-1.5 | >1.5 |
K (g·kg-1) | <4.0 | 4.0-6.0 | 6.0-8.0 | >8.0 |
Ca (g·kg-1) | <3.0 | 3.0-5.0 | 5.0-7.0 | >7.0 |
Mg (g·kg-1) | <1.0 | 1.0-1.4 | 1.4-1.8 | >1.8 |
S (mg·kg-1) | <80.0 | 80.0-120.0 | 120.0-140.0 | >140.0 |
Fe (mg·kg-1) | <100.0 | 100.0-150.0 | 150.0-200.0 | >200.0 |
Mn (mg·kg-1) | <100.0 | 100.0-200.0 | 200.0-300.0 | >300.0 |
B (mg·kg-1) | <4.0 | 4.0-5.0 | 5.0-6.0 | >6.0 |
Mo (mg·kg-1) | <5.0 | 5.0-10.0 | 10.0-15.0 | >15.0 |
Cu (mg·kg-1) | <3.0 | 3.0-4.0 | 4.0-5.0 | >5.0 |
表1 毛竹叶片养分水平分级标准(陈卫文等, 2004)
Table 1 Criteria for classification of nutrient levels in Phyllostachys edulis leaves (Chen et al., 2004)
叶片养分 Elements in leaves | 养分水平 Dosage of nutrients | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
极缺 Scarce | 缺乏 Deficient | 适量 Adequate | 高量 Excessive | |
N (g·kg-1) | <20.0 | 20.0-25.0 | 25.0-30.0 | >30 |
P (g·kg-1) | <1.0 | 1.0-1.3 | 1.3-1.5 | >1.5 |
K (g·kg-1) | <4.0 | 4.0-6.0 | 6.0-8.0 | >8.0 |
Ca (g·kg-1) | <3.0 | 3.0-5.0 | 5.0-7.0 | >7.0 |
Mg (g·kg-1) | <1.0 | 1.0-1.4 | 1.4-1.8 | >1.8 |
S (mg·kg-1) | <80.0 | 80.0-120.0 | 120.0-140.0 | >140.0 |
Fe (mg·kg-1) | <100.0 | 100.0-150.0 | 150.0-200.0 | >200.0 |
Mn (mg·kg-1) | <100.0 | 100.0-200.0 | 200.0-300.0 | >300.0 |
B (mg·kg-1) | <4.0 | 4.0-5.0 | 5.0-6.0 | >6.0 |
Mo (mg·kg-1) | <5.0 | 5.0-10.0 | 10.0-15.0 | >15.0 |
Cu (mg·kg-1) | <3.0 | 3.0-4.0 | 4.0-5.0 | >5.0 |
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