太白山不同海拔森林根际土壤微生物碳利用效率差异性及其影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0090

植物生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 275-288.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0090

所属专题：生物地球化学；微生物生态学

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

太白山不同海拔森林根际土壤微生物碳利用效率差异性及其影响因素

张尧¹, 陈岚¹, 王洁莹¹, 李益¹, 王俊¹^,², 郭垚鑫³, 任成杰⁴, 白红英¹, 孙昊田¹, 赵发珠¹^,²^,^*()

¹陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室, 西北大学城市与环境学院, 西安 710127
²西北大学陕西省碳中和技术重点实验室, 西安 710127
³西北大学生命科学学院, 西安 710127
⁴西北农林科技大学农学院, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2022-03-09 接受日期:2022-07-06 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-02-28
通讯作者: *(zhaofazhu@nwu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
青海省2021年度第一批中央引导地方科技发展专项(2021ZY002);教育部“春晖计划”合作科研项目

Differences and influencing factors of microbial carbon use efficiency in forest rhizosphere soils at different altitudes in Taibai Mountain, China

ZHANG Yao¹, CHEN Lan¹, WANG Jie-Ying¹, LI Yi¹, WANG Jun¹^,², GUO Yao-Xin³, REN Cheng-Jie⁴, BAI Hong-Ying¹, SUN Hao-Tian¹, ZHAO Fa-Zhu¹^,²^,^*()

¹Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environment Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
²Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
³The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
⁴College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

Received:2022-03-09 Accepted:2022-07-06 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-02-28
Contact: *(zhaofazhu@nwu.edu.cn)
Supported by:
2021 First Funds for Central Government to Guide Local Science and Technology Development in Qinghai Province(2021ZY002);Ministry of Education “Chunhui Plan” Cooperative Scientific Research Project

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探索森林根际土壤微生物碳利用效率(CUE)是权衡森林生态系统微生物合成代谢和分解代谢强弱的关键过程。然而不同海拔森林根际土壤微生物CUE的变化规律与影响因子尚不清楚。该研究选取秦岭太白山6个不同海拔的森林根际土壤为研究对象, 测定其理化性质、胞外酶活性、微生物群落与植被特征等指标, 利用酶化学计量比计算微生物CUE, 分析根际土壤微生物CUE沿海拔梯度的变化规律, 定量研究其影响因子。结果表明: 根际土壤微生物CUE随海拔升高总体呈上升趋势。CUE从最低海拔的0.505至最高海拔的0.527升高了4.36%, 但在海拔1 603和2 405 m处出现了下降。海拔梯度内根际土壤微生物CUE变化受多种环境因子综合影响, 土壤基质的影响(如可溶性有机碳和铵态氮含量)占主导地位, 植被因子次之, 二者分别解释了CUE变化的17.0%和5.7%, 且二者相互作用解释了CUE变化的31.9%。研究结果可为秦岭森林土壤微生物碳同化能力和固碳潜力, 以及全球变化背景下森林土壤碳循环提供科学依据。

关键词: 根际土壤, 微生物碳利用效率, 海拔梯度, 森林生态系统, 秦岭

Abstract:

Aims Under the background of changing carbon cycle process in forest ecosystems caused by global environmental change, the microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) in forest rhizosphere soil is critical to determine the strength of microbial anabolism and catabolism in forest ecosystems. However, the variation and influencing factors of microbial CUE in rhizosphere soils at different altitudes remain undetermined.

Methods Rhizosphere soil at six different altitudes spanning four forest belts in Taibai Mountain was sampled to determine the physical and chemical properties, extracellular enzyme activity, and characteristics of microbial community and vegetation. Based on the stoichiometric ratio, the soil microbial CUE was estimated. Furthermore, the variation in microbial CUE of rhizosphere soil along the altitude gradient was analyzed to quantify the influencing factors of microbial CUE.

Important findings The results showed that the microbial CUE of rhizosphere soil exhibited an overall upward trend with the increase in altitude. The microbial CUE increased by 4.36% from 0.505 at the lowest altitude to 0.527 at the highest altitude, but decreased at 1 603 and 2 405 m. Based on the Mantel analysis, we identified four categories of factors (i.e., altitude, soil matrix, vegetation and microbe) that related to microbial CUE in rhizosphere soil. The variations of microbial CUE in rhizosphere soil are affected by multiple environmental factors, with the dominant factor being soil matrix (such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, ammonium nitrogen (NH⁺₄-N) content), followed by vegetation. Furthermore, the altitude factor and the microbial factor explained 2.6% and 3.1% of the CUE change, respectively. Although the microbial factors exerted no significant impact on microbial CUE, soil matrix, vegetation and microbe jointly explained 47.0% of the microbial CUE change. The variance partitioning analysis (VPA) quantitatively revealed the contribution of environmental factors to the change of microbial CUE, where soil matrix and vegetation explained 17.0% and 5.7% of the variation, respectively. While the interaction between soil matrix and vegetation accounted for 31.9% of the changes in microbial CUE. The above results indicated that the high-altitude rhizosphere soil in Taibai Mountain has a high carbon sequestration potential, and the carbon sequestration of forest rhizosphere soil may decrease with the intensification of global warming. The vertical temperature difference and the vertical differentiation of the vegetation belt induced by altitude gradient will alter the growth and metabolism environment of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil. The comprehensive effect of multiple environmental factors dominated by soil matrix impacts the CUE of soil microorganisms, and ultimately changes the assimilation and catabolism processes of soil carbon. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the carbon assimilation capacity and carbon sequestration potential of forest soil microorganisms in Qinling Mountains, as well as the forest soil carbon cycle under the background of global change.

Key words: rhizosphere soil, microbial carbon use efficiency, altitude gradient, forest ecosystem, Qinling Mountains

张尧, 陈岚, 王洁莹, 李益, 王俊, 郭垚鑫, 任成杰, 白红英, 孙昊田, 赵发珠. 太白山不同海拔森林根际土壤微生物碳利用效率差异性及其影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2023, 47(2): 275-288. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0090

ZHANG Yao, CHEN Lan, WANG Jie-Ying, LI Yi, WANG Jun, GUO Yao-Xin, REN Cheng-Jie, BAI Hong-Ying, SUN Hao-Tian, ZHAO Fa-Zhu. Differences and influencing factors of microbial carbon use efficiency in forest rhizosphere soils at different altitudes in Taibai Mountain, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2023, 47(2): 275-288. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2022.0090

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0090

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I2/275

图/表 10

表1 土壤胞外酶基本信息

Table 1 Basic information of soil extracellular enzymes

酶 Enzyme	缩写 Abbreviation	酶编号 Enzyme number	底物 Substrate
纤维二糖水解酶 Cellobiohydrolase	CBH	3.2.1.91	4-甲基伞形酮-β-D-纤维素二糖苷 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside
β-1,4-木糖苷酶 β-1,4-xylosidase	BX	3.2.1.37	4-甲基伞形酮酰-β-D-吡喃木糖苷 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside
β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-glucosidase	BG	3.2.1.21	4-甲基伞形酮酰-β-D-吡喃葡糖酸苷 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside
碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase	AKP	3.1.3.1	4-甲基伞形酮磷酸酯 4-Methylumbelliferyl-phosphate
乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶 β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase	NAG	3.2.1.14	4-甲基香豆素-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 4-Methylumbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside
亮氨酸氨基肽酶 Leucine aminopeptidase	LAP	3.4.11.1	L-亮氨酰-7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素盐酸盐 L-Leucine-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride

图1 太白山不同海拔根际土壤理化性质特征(平均值±标准误)。DOC, 可溶性有机碳; DON, 可溶性有机氮; MBC, 微生物生物量碳; MBN, 微生物生物量氮; MBP, 微生物生物量磷; SOC, 土壤有机碳。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil at different altitudes in Taibai Mountain (mean ± SE). DOC, dissolved organic carbon; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen; MBC, microbial biomass carbon; MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen; MBP, microbial biomass phosphorus; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen; SM, soil moisture; SOC, soil organic carbon; ST, soil temperature; TN, total nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

表2 太白山不同海拔根际土壤微生物多样性(平均值±标准误)

Table 2 Microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil at different altitudes in Taibai Mountain (mean ± SE)

海拔 Altitude (m)	α多样性 α diversity		β多样性 β diversity
海拔 Altitude (m)	细菌 Bacteria	真菌 Fungi	细菌 Bacteria	真菌 Fungi
1 308	1.37 ± 0.01^d	0.52 ± 0.01^c	0.00 ± 0.00^e	0.00 ± 0.00^c
1 603	1.39 ± 0.01^d	0.60 ± 0.05^bc	0.04 ± 0.01^d	0.05 ± 0.01^bc
1 915	1.57 ± 0.01^a	0.99 ± 0.01^a	0.14 ± 0.01^a	0.38 ± 0.04^a
2 292	1.42 ± 0.00^c	0.32 ± 0.00^d	0.06 ± 0.00^c	0.10 ± 0.01^b
2 405	1.44 ± 0.00^bc	0.62 ± 0.02^b	0.08 ± 0.01^b	0.06 ± 0.03^bc
2 600	1.46 ± 0.01^b	0.61 ± 0.04^b	0.14 ± 0.01^a	0.06 ± 0.00^bc

图2 太白山不同海拔根际土壤胞外酶活性(平均值±标准误)。AKP, 碱性磷酸酶; BG, β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶; BX, β-1,4-木糖苷酶; CBH, 纤维二糖水解酶; LAP, 亮氨酸氨基肽酶; NAG, 乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Extracellular enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil at different altitudes in Taibai Mountain (mean ± SE). AKP, alkaline phosphatase; BG, β-1,4-glucosidase; BX, β-1,4-xylosidase; CBH, cellobiohydrolase; LAP, leucine aminopeptidase; NAG, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

图3 太白山不同海拔植物多样性特征(平均值±标准误)。不同大写字母表示不同生活型在同一海拔的差异显著(p < 0.05), 不同小写字母表示同一生活型在不同海拔的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Plant community diversity characteristics at different altitudes in Taibai Mountain (mean ± SE). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different life forms at the same altitude (p < 0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at different altitudes for the same life form (p < 0.05).

图4 太白山根际土壤微生物碳利用效率随海拔变化特征(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Altitudinal variation of rhizosphere soil microbial carbon use efficiency in Taibai Mountain (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).

表3 太白山根际土壤碳利用效率与环境因子的关系

Table 3 Relationship between rhizosphere soil carbon use efficiency and environmental factors in Taibai Mountain

分类 Classification	相关变量 Relevant variable	参数 Parameter
分类 Classification	相关变量 Relevant variable	Mantel分析 Mantel statistic (r)	p
海拔 Altitude	SM, ST	0.17	0.05
土壤基质 Soil substrate	Soil density, pH, DOC, DON, NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, SOC, TN, TP	0.34	<0.01^**
植物多样性 Plant diversity	乔木(丰富度、Simpson多样性、Shannon-Wiener多样性) Tree (richness, Simpson diversity, Shannon-Wiener diversity)
	灌木(丰富度、Simpson多样性、Shannon-Wiener多样性) Shrub (richness, Simpson diversity, Shannon-Wiener diversity)	0.29	0.01^*
	草本(丰富度、Simpson多样性、Shannon-Wiener多样性) Herb (richness, Simpson diversity, Shannon-Wiener diversity)
微生物多样性 Microorganism diversity	α多样性, β多样性 α diversity, β diversity	0.14	0.10

图5 太白山土壤微生物碳利用效率与环境因子方差分解分析。

Fig. 5 Variance partitioning analysis of soil microbial carbon use efficiency and environmental factors in Taibai Mountain.

图6 太白山土壤微生物碳利用效率与土壤基质线性拟合分析。DOC, 可溶性有机碳; DON, 可溶性有机氮; SOC, 土壤有机碳; TN, 总氮; TP, 总磷.

Fig. 6 Linear fitting analysis of soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and soil matrix in Taibai Mountain. DOC, dissolved organic carbon; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen; SOC, soil organic carbon; TN, total nitrogen; TP, total phosphorus.

图7 太白山土壤微生物碳利用效率与植物群落α多样性线性拟合分析。R2为调整后的值, 表示线性拟合分析的拟合程度, 负值表示拟合度差。

Fig. 7 Linear fitting analysis of soil microbial carbon use efficiency and α diversity of plant communities in Taibai Mountain. R2 is corrected, represents the fitting dagree of linear fitting analysis, and its negative value represents poor fitting degree.

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太白山不同海拔森林根际土壤微生物碳利用效率差异性及其影响因素

Differences and influencing factors of microbial carbon use efficiency in forest rhizosphere soils at different altitudes in Taibai Mountain, China

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