亚热带人工林乔灌草根际土壤氮矿化特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0225

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 1285-1295.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0225

亚热带人工林乔灌草根际土壤氮矿化特征

扈明媛¹^,², 袁野³, 戴晓琴¹^,²^,^*(), 付晓莉¹^,², 寇亮¹^,², 王辉民¹^,²

¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室千烟洲试验站, 北京 100101
²中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100190
³安徽师范大学生命科学学院安徽省重要生物资源保护与利用研究重点实验室, 安徽芜湖 241000

收稿日期:2020-07-06 接受日期:2020-09-27 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2021-04-01
通讯作者: 戴晓琴
作者简介:* (daixq@igsnrr.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41830860);国家自然科学基金(31971634)

Characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization in the rhizosphere of trees, shrubs, and herbs in subtropical forest plantations

HU Ming-Yuan¹^,², YUAN Ye³, DAI Xiao-Qin¹^,²^,^*(), FU Xiao-Li¹^,², KOU Liang¹^,², WANG Hui-Min¹^,²

¹Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
²College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
³Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China

Received:2020-07-06 Accepted:2020-09-27 Online:2020-12-20 Published:2021-04-01
Contact: DAI Xiao-Qin
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41830860);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971634)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨人工林内优势乔木和林下灌草根际土壤氮矿化特征, 明确乔灌草根际土壤氮转化差异, 该研究以江西泰和千烟洲站区典型人工杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)和湿地松(Pinus elliottii)林为对象, 在植被生长季初期(4月)和旺盛期(7月)分析3种人工林内乔木、优势灌木(檵木(Loropetalum chinense)、杨桐(Adinandra millettii)、格药柃(Eurya muricata))和草本(狗脊蕨(Woodwardia japonica)、暗鳞鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris atrata))根际土壤的净氮矿化速率、土壤化学性质及土壤微生物特征。结果发现: 1)物种、林型和取样季节显著影响了根际土壤净氮矿化速率(N_min)、净铵化速率(N_amm)和净硝化速率(N_nit)。马尾松和湿地松林内林下灌草根际土壤净氮矿化的季节敏感性高于乔木: 4月乔木根际土壤N_min和N_amm显著高于大多数林下灌草, 而7月林下灌草根际土壤N_min和N_amm显著提高, 与乔木不再具有显著差异, 与主成分综合得分方差分析的结果一致。一般情况下, 杉木林N_min和N_nit显著高于马尾松林和湿地松林。7月净氮矿化显著高于4月。2)土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、全氮及土壤微生物量氮含量是影响根际土壤净氮矿化的主要因素。土壤化学性质对人工林根际土壤净氮矿化变异的贡献率为29.2%, 显著高于土壤微生物的解释率。充分考虑不同季节林下植被根际土壤的净氮矿化及其关键影响因素可为准确评估人工林生态系统养分循环状况提供重要支撑。

关键词: 根际土壤氮矿化, 林下植被, 乔木, 人工林, 红壤

Abstract:

Aims The objective was to explore the characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization in the rhizosphere soils of trees, shrubs, and herbs in plantations and their variations among different species, forest types, and seasons.
Methods The rhizosphere soils of trees, shrubs (Loropetalum chinense, Adinandra millettii, and Eurya muricate), and herbs (Woodwardia japonica and Dryopteris atrata) were sampled in the early growth season (April) and the vigorous growth season (July) in Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, and Pinus elliottii plantations at Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Taihe, Jiangxi. Net mineralization rate (N_min), net ammonification rate (N_amm), net nitrification rate (N_nit), soil chemical properties, and microbial properties were measured.
Important findings The results found that, 1) Species, forest types, and sampling seasons significantly affected N_min, N_amm, and N_nit. Understory plants showed a higher seasonal sensitivity of rhizosphere soil N_nit than trees did in P. massoniana plantations and P. elliottii plantations. It means that rhizosphere soil N_min and N_amm of trees were significantly higher than those of most of the understory plants in April, but rhizosphere soil N_min and N_amm of the understory plants significantly increased and showed no difference with those of trees in July. This finding was consistent with the variance analysis of comprehensive scores by principal component analysis. Generally, rhizosphere soil N_min and N_nit in C. lanceolata plantation were higher than those in P. massoniana and P. elliottii plantations. Rhizosphere soil nitrogen mineralization in July was higher than those in April. 2) Soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, soil total nitrogen concentration, and soil microbial nitrogen concentration were the main factors affecting net nitrogen mineralization of rhizosphere soil. Soil chemical properties contributed to 29.2% of the variation of rhizosphere soil nitrogen mineralization, which was significantly higher than soil microbial properties. Consideration of the seasonal variations of soil nitrogen mineralization in the rhizosphere of understory plants and their influencing factors will provide an important foundation for accurately evaluating nutrient cycling in the plantation ecosystem.

Key words: rhizosphere soil nitrogen mineralization, understory vegetation, overstory tree, plantation, red soil

扈明媛, 袁野, 戴晓琴, 付晓莉, 寇亮, 王辉民. 亚热带人工林乔灌草根际土壤氮矿化特征. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(12): 1285-1295. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0225

HU Ming-Yuan, YUAN Ye, DAI Xiao-Qin, FU Xiao-Li, KOU Liang, WANG Hui-Min. Characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization in the rhizosphere of trees, shrubs, and herbs in subtropical forest plantations. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(12): 1285-1295. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0225

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0225

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I12/1285

图/表 6

图1 亚热带人工林内乔灌草根际土壤净氮矿化速率(A)、净铵化速率(B)和净硝化速率(C)。 AM, 杨桐; CL, 杉木; DA, 暗鳞鳞毛蕨; EM, 格药柃; LC, 檵木; PE, 湿地松; PM, 马尾松; WJ, 狗脊蕨。不同小写字母代表同一人工林内相同取样季节下不同物种之间差异显著(p < 0.05), 未标注小写字母则表示差异不显著。不同大写字母代表相同取样季节不同人工林类型间差异显著(括号内为4月, 括号外为7月; p < 0.05)。*代表同一人工林内相同物种不同取样季节差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Net mineralization rate (Nmin), net ammonification rate (Namm), and net nitrification rate (Nnit) of the rhizosphere soil of overstory trees, understory shrubs, and herbs in subtropical plantations. AM, Adinandra millettii; CL, Cunninghamia lanceolata; DA, Dryopteris atrata; EM, Eurya muricate; LC, Loropetalum chinense; PE, Pinus elliottii; PM, Pinus massoniana; WJ, Woodwardia japonica. Different lowercase letters denote significant difference among species of each plantation in the same season (p < 0.05), while unmarked lowercase letters denote inapparent difference. Different uppercase letters denote significant difference among plantations in the same season (April is in the bracket, July is outside the bracket; p < 0.05). *denotes significant difference between the different seasons for the same species in each plantation (p < 0.05).

图2 亚热带人工林内乔灌草根际土壤净氮矿化速率、净铵化速率和净硝化速率的主成分分析(PCA)。 A, 4月。B, 7月。AM, 杨桐; CL, 杉木; DA, 暗鳞鳞毛蕨; EM, 格药柃; LC, 檵木; PE, 湿地松; PM, 马尾松; WJ, 狗脊蕨。

Fig. 2 Principal component analysis (PCA) of net nitrogen mineralization rate, net ammonification rate, and net nitrification rate of the rhizosphere soil of trees, understory shrubs, and herbs within subtropical plantations. A, April. B, July. AM, Adinandra millettii; CL, Cunninghamia lanceolata; DA, Dryopteris atrata; EM, Eurya muricate; LC, Loropetalum chinense; PE, Pinus elliottii; PM, Pinus massoniana; WJ, Woodwardia japonica.

图3 亚热带人工林根际土壤净氮矿化速率(Nmin)、净铵化速率(Namm)和净硝化速率(Nnit)与土壤化学性质和土壤微生物关系的冗余分析(RDA)。MBN, 微生物量氮含量; NH4+-N, 铵态氮含量; NO3--N, 硝态氮含量; TN, 全氮含量。

Fig. 3 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the relationship between net nitrogen mineralization rate (Nmin), net ammonification rate (Namm), and net nitrification rate (Nnit) of the rhizosphere soil and soil chemical properties and soil microbial properties in subtropical plantations. MBN, microbial biomass nitrogen concentration; NH4+-N, ammonium nitrogen concentration; NO3--N, nitrate nitrogen concentration; TN, soil total N concentration.

图4 亚热带人工林土壤化学和微生物性质在根际土壤净氮矿化速率、净铵化和净硝化速率变异中的相对贡献。每个椭圆表示由土壤化学性质或土壤微生物性质能解释的变异百分比。椭圆重叠部分表示土壤化学性质和土壤微生物性质共同解释的比例。*表示影响显著(p < 0.05), **表示影响极显著(p < 0.01)。

Fig. 4 Relative importance of soil chemical and soil microbial properties in determining the variation in net nitrogen mineralization rate, net ammonification rate, and net nitrification rate of the rhizosphere soil in subtropical forest plantations. Each ellipse represents the percentage of the variations explained by soil chemical properties or soil microbial properties. The overlap of two ellipses represents the variation jointly explained by soil chemical and microbial properties. *indicates a significant effect (p < 0.05), ** indicates a highly significant effect (p < 0.01).

表1 物种、林型和季节对亚热带人工林4个主要土壤化学和微生物性质影响的混合线性模型分析结果(p值)

Table 1 Mixed linear model analysis of the effects of species, forest types, and seasons on four main soil chemical and microbial properties in subtropical forest plantations (p value)

变异来源 Source of variation	NH₄⁺-N	NO₃^--N	TN	MBN
物种 Specise (S)	<0.001^**	0.082	<0.001^**	0.136
林型 Forest type (F)	0.002^**	<0.000^**	0.303	0.695
季节 Time (T)	<0.001^**	<0.001^**	0.725	0.002^**
S × F	0.773	0.590	0.769	0.901
S × T	0.928	0.626	0.929	0.931
F × T	0.026	0.061	0.516	0.086
S × F × T	0.581	0.854	0.655	0.727

图5 亚热带人工林不同物种根际土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)和全氮含量(TN)的多重比较(平均值±标准误差)。 AM, 杨桐; CL, 杉木; DA, 暗鳞鳞毛蕨; EM, 格药柃; LC, 檵木; PE, 湿地松; PM, 马尾松; WJ, 狗脊蕨。不同小写字母表明物种之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Multiple comparison of soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total soil nitrogen concentrations (TN) in the rhizosphere soil of different species in subtropical forest plantations (mean ± SE). AM, Adinandra millettii; CL, Cunninghamia lanceolata; DA, Dryopteris atrata; EM, Eurya muricate; LC, Loropetalum chinense; PE, Pinus elliottii; PM, Pinus massoniana; WJ, Woodwardia japonica. Different lowercase letters showed significant differences among species (p < 0.05).

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亚热带人工林乔灌草根际土壤氮矿化特征

Characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization in the rhizosphere of trees, shrubs, and herbs in subtropical forest plantations

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