孑遗灌木长柄扁桃的历史分布格局及其环境驱动力

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0406

植物生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 766-774.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0406

孑遗灌木长柄扁桃的历史分布格局及其环境驱动力

闫涵¹, 马松梅¹^,^*(), 魏博², 张宏祥³, 张丹¹

¹石河子大学理学院, 干旱区景观生态重点实验室, 绿洲城镇与山盆系统生态兵团重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832000
²中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
³荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2021-11-11 接受日期:2021-12-28 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-06-09
通讯作者: 马松梅
作者简介:* 马松梅: ORCID: 0000-0002-3107-2256 (shzmsm@126.com)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41561007);国家自然科学基金(41261011);新疆维吾尔自治区草原总站草原生态修复治理补助项目(XJCYZZ202007)

Historical distribution patterns and environmental drivers of relict shrub Amygdalus pedunculata

YAN Han¹, MA Song-Mei¹^,^*(), WEI Bo², ZHANG Hong-Xiang³, ZHANG Dan¹

¹Key Laboratory of Arid Land Landscape Ecology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-basin System Ecology, College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
²Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China

Received:2021-11-11 Accepted:2021-12-28 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-06-09
Contact: MA Song-Mei
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41561007);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41261011);Grassland Ecological Restoration and Management Subsidy Project of Grassland Station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJCYZZ202007)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解历史气候变化背景下分布于中国西北干旱沙漠、半干旱沙地和山地地区的孑遗灌木植物长柄扁桃(Amygdalus pedunculata)的分布与演化, 该研究利用长柄扁桃60个自然分布点和8个环境因子, 整合GIS空间分析和最大熵模型(MaxEnt), 分析珍稀濒危保护物种长柄扁桃末次间冰期(LIG)、末次盛冰期(LGM)和当前的历史地理分布格局变化及其环境驱动力。基于各时期长柄扁桃的分布模型模拟数据及自然种群的叶绿体基因测序数据, 利用最小成本路径方法, 模拟LIG时期以来长柄扁桃可能的扩散路径。利用R语言“ggbiplot”程序包对各时期长柄扁桃适生区的历史环境变量进行主成分分析(PCA), 分析影响长柄扁桃历史分布格局变化的关键气候因子。结果表明: (1) LIG时期以来, 长柄扁桃的历史分布经历了显著收缩和末次盛冰期后的扩张, LIG至LGM时期, 分布于库布齐沙漠东部、毛乌素沙地北部、陕西北部、阴山北部、乌兰察布高原南部、浑善达克沙地的适宜分布区明显收缩; LGM时期至今, 长柄扁桃在库布齐沙漠东部、毛乌素沙地中部沿北部阴山向东, 以及浑善达克沙地西部均发生了显著扩张。3个时期长柄扁桃均在内蒙古高原中西部存在高度适宜性分布区, 包括毛乌素沙地北缘、库布齐沙漠东缘以及大青山, 这些地区很可能是长柄扁桃的冰期避难所。北部阴山和毛乌素沙地边缘是长柄扁桃种群迁移过程中重要的扩散廊道; (2) LIG至LGM时期, 气温因子: 最冷月最低气温、平均气温日较差和最热月最高气温均呈显著下降的趋势, 冷干气候对长柄扁桃的冰期分布存在较大限制, 适生区显著收缩。而LGM时期至今, 降水因子最湿月降水量和降水量季节性均显著上升, 长柄扁桃在库布齐沙漠东部、毛乌素沙地中部、阴山以及浑善达克沙地西部发生显著扩张, 降水因子也是影响当前适宜分布区的关键限制性因子。

关键词: 长柄扁桃, 历史分布格局, 扩散路径, 末次间冰期, 末次盛冰期

Abstract:

Aims Amygdalus pedunculata is a relict shrub plant, distributed in arid and semi-arid deserts and mountainous areas of northwest China. In order to understand its distribution and evolution under the historical climate change, we performed an analysis on 60 natural distribution points and 8 environmental factors, using GIS spatial analysis and maximum entropy model MaxEnt 3.4.1. We then analyzed the changes in geographical distributions and their environmental drivers of A. pedunculata during the Last Inter Glacial (LIG), the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the present period.

Methods Based on the simulated distribution data of A. pedunculata in different periods and chloroplast gene data of the natural populations, we simulated the possible diffusion path of A. pedunculata since the LIG period by the least cost path method. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the historical environmental variables in the suitable areas of A. pedunculata in different periods by “ggbiplot” package of R language. By doing so, we then determined the key climatic factors affecting the historical distribution pattern of A. pedunculata.

Important findings The historical distribution of A. pedunculata has experienced significant contraction since the LIG period but significant expansion after the LGM. From the LIG to the LGM period, the suitable distribution areas of A. pedunculata significantly contracted in the eastern Hobq Desert, the northern Mau Us Desert, the northern Shaanxi Province, the northern Yinshan Mountain, the southern Ulan Qab Plateau, and the Onqin Daga Desert. In contrast, since the LGM, A. pedunculata has undergone significant expansion in the eastern Hobq Desert, the central Mau Us Desert, east Yinshan Mountain, and the western Onqin Daga Desert. There were highly suitable distribution areas of A. pedunculata in the middle and western parts of Nei Mongol Plateau in three periods, including the northern edge of Mau Us Desert, the eastern edge of Hobq Desert and Daqing Mountain. It is possible that these areas may be the ice age shelter of A. pedunculata. The Yin Shan Mountain in the north and the edge of Mau Us Desert was the important diffusion corridor. From the LIG to the LGM, the temperature, including the min temperature of the coldest month, the annual mean diurnal range and the max temperature of the warmest month, all fluctuantly decreased over time. The distribution of A. pedunculata during the ice age was limited by the cold and dry climate, and the suitable area contracted significantly. The precipitation in wettest month and the precipitation seasonality have increased significantly since the LGM period. Amygdalus pedunculata has expanded significantly in the eastern Hobq Desert, the central part of Mau Us Desert, Yinshan Mountain and the western Part of Onqin Daga Desert. Precipitation was also a key limiting factor affecting the current suitable distribution.

Key words: Amygdalus pedunculata, historical distribution pattern, diffusion path, the Last Inter Glacial, the Last Glacial Maximum

闫涵, 马松梅, 魏博, 张宏祥, 张丹. 孑遗灌木长柄扁桃的历史分布格局及其环境驱动力. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(7): 766-774. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0406

YAN Han, MA Song-Mei, WEI Bo, ZHANG Hong-Xiang, ZHANG Dan. Historical distribution patterns and environmental drivers of relict shrub Amygdalus pedunculata. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(7): 766-774. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0406

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I7/766

图/表 8

图1 不同时段长柄扁桃分布模型的模拟精度(平均值±标准误)。AUC, 接收工作机特征曲线下的面积; LGM, 末次盛冰期; LIG, 末次间冰期; Present, 当前。

Fig. 1 Simulation accuracy of Amygdalus pedunculata distribution model in different periods (mean ± SE). AUC, area under the curve of receiver operator characteristic curve; LGM, the Last Glacial Maximum; LIG, the Last Inter Glacial.

图2 末次间冰期(LIG)以来长柄扁桃的历史分布变化(A, B)及质心迁移路径(C)。不同颜色圆点表示不同时期适生区的质心, 箭头表示各时段间质心的迁移方向。LGM, 末次盛冰期; Present, 当前。

Fig. 2 Historical distribution changes (A, B) and centroid migration paths (C) of Amygdalus pedunculata since the Last Inter Glacial (LIG). Dots with different colors indicate the centroid of suitable areas in different periods, and arrows indicate the migration direction of centroid in different periods. LGM, the Last Glacial Maximum.

表1 不同时期西北地区长柄扁桃的适生面积

Table 1 Suitable area of Amygdalus pedunculata in northwest China in different periods

适生等级 Suitable grade	模拟时期 Simulation periods
适生等级 Suitable grade	末次间冰期 LIG	末次盛冰期 LGM	当前 Present
高度适生区面积(×10 000 km²) Highly suitable distribution areas	3.55	1.19	6.42
适生区面积(×10 000 km²) Suitable distribution areas	6.33	2.31	14.85

图3 不同时期长柄扁桃的扩散迁移路线。LGM, 末次盛冰期; LIG, 末次间冰期; Present, 当前。

Fig. 3 Dispersal routes of Amygdalus pedunculata in different periods. LGM, the Last Glacial Maximum; LIG, the Last Inter Glacial.

图4 不同时期长柄扁桃已知分布点的气候波动。LGM, 末次盛冰期; LIG, 末次间冰期; Present, 当前。

Fig. 4 Climatic fluctuation of the known distribution points of Amygdalus pedunculata in different periods. LGM, the Last Glacial Maximum; LIG, the Last Inter Glacial.

图5 不同时期影响长柄扁桃分布的8个关键气候变量的主成分分析(PCA)。Bio2, 平均气温日较差; Bio3, 等温性; Bio5, 最热月最高气温; Bio6, 最冷月最低气温; Bio7, 平均气温年较差; Bio13, 最湿月降水量; Bio14, 最干月降水量; Bio15, 降水量季节性。LGM, 末次盛冰期; LIG, 末次间冰期; Present, 当前。

Fig. 5 Pricipal component analysis (PCA) of eight key climatic variables affecting the distribution of Amygdalus pedunculata in different periods. Bio2, annual mean diurnal range; Bio3, isothermality; Bio5, max temperature of warmest month; Bio6, min temperature of coldest month; Bio7, annual temperature range; Bio13, precipitation of wettest month; Bio14, precipitation of driest month; Bio15, precipitation seasonality. LGM, the Last Glacial Maximum; LIG, the Last Inter Glacial.

表2 影响长柄扁桃分布点不同时段气候波动的因子的主成分特征值

Table 2 Characteristic values of principal components that affecting the climate fluctuation at distribution points of Amygdalus pedunculata in different periods

气候因子 Climatic factor	LIG-LGM					LGM-Present
气候因子 Climatic factor	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
Bio2	0.093	0.460	0.730	0.428	0.052	0.521	0.138	0.086	0.122	0.090
Bio3	0.404	0.362	-0.066	0.061	0.122	0.108	0.452	0.093	-0.638	-0.452
Bio5	-0.436	0.171	0.136	-0.120	-0.075	0.448	0.161	0.048	0.131	0.081
Bio6	-0.187	0.695	-0.181	-0.479	0.086	-0.456	-0.042	-0.130	-0.111	-0.126
Bio7	-0.410	-0.237	0.280	0.160	-0.146	0.456	0.095	0.095	0.121	0.108
Bio13	-0.284	0.194	-0.537	0.709	0.278	-0.293	0.605	0.066	-0.089	0.786
Bio14	0.416	0.128	-0.200	0.196	-0.725	-0.255	0.151	0.846	0.381	-0.226
Bio15	-0.425	0.188	-0.069	0.050	-0.588	-0.129	0.533	-0.486	0.617	-0.293

表3 当前气候情景下各气候因子对长柄扁桃分布的贡献率及其适宜性区间

Table 3 Contribution rate and suitable range of each climate factor to distribution of Amygdalus pedunculata under present climate

气候因子 Climate factor	贡献率百分比 Contribution percentage (%)	适宜区间 Suitable range
最湿月降水量 Precipitation of wettest month (Bio13) (mm)	38.5	3-199
平均气温年较差 Annual temperature range (Bio7) (℃)	16.9	27-63
降水量季节性 Precipitation seasonality (Bio15)	14.8	23-138
最冷月最低气温 Min temperature of coldest month (Bio6) (℃)	11.8	-38- -1
最干月降水量 Precipitation of driest month (Bio14) (mm)	6.8	0-20
等温性 Isothermality (Bio3)	5.5	13-42
最热月最高气温 Max temperature of warmest month (Bio5) (℃)	3.4	-6-39
平均气温日较差 Annual mean diurnal range (Bio2) (℃)	2.2	4-20

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孑遗灌木长柄扁桃的历史分布格局及其环境驱动力

Historical distribution patterns and environmental drivers of relict shrub Amygdalus pedunculata

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