植物生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1091-1102.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0104
出版日期:
2017-10-10
发布日期:
2017-12-24
通讯作者:
乌云塔娜
基金资助:
Jiang-Qun LIU, Ming-Yu YIN, Si-Yu ZUO, Shao-Bing YANG, Tana WUYUN*()
Online:
2017-10-10
Published:
2017-12-24
Contact:
Tana WUYUN
摘要:
为揭示长柄扁桃(Amygdalus pedunculata)天然种群的表型多样性特点, 通过方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析和t检验等方法对7个天然种群14个表型性状种群间和种群内的表型变异特征和地理变异模式进行了探讨。结果表明: 长柄扁桃种群内变异为40.91%, 种群间变异为35.29%, 种群内大于种群间, 种群内变异是主要变异来源; 其平均表型分化系数为45.90%, 各表型性状平均变异系数为15.59%, 変幅9.39%-31.98%, 表型变异在种群内和种群间均非常丰富。年平均气温、纬度、无霜期、经度和海拔5个主要地理生态因子对长柄扁桃表型性状影响显著或极显著, 平均气温和无霜期是不同立地长柄扁桃表型差异的主要影响因子。主成分分析和聚类分析将7个种群区划为两大类, 其中山地的长柄扁桃叶多为近圆形至长圆形, 果多为近球形, 果柄较短, 果肉较厚, 核多为宽卵形至圆球形; 沙地的长柄扁桃叶多为长椭圆形或卵状披针形, 果为卵球形, 果柄较长, 果肉较薄, 核近宽卵形。探讨长柄扁桃天然种群表型多样性, 可为顺利开展野生资源收集、良种选育等工作提供依据。
柳江群, 尹明宇, 左丝雨, 杨绍斌, 乌云塔娜. 长柄扁桃天然种群表型变异. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(10): 1091-1102. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0104
Jiang-Qun LIU, Ming-Yu YIN, Si-Yu ZUO, Shao-Bing YANG, Tana WUYUN. Phenotypic variations in natural populations of Amygdalus pedunculata. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(10): 1091-1102. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0104
种群 Population | 取样株数 Individual of samples | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 年平均气温 AAT (℃) | 年日照时间 AAS (h) | 年降水量 AP (mm) | 无霜期 Frost-free day (d) | 立地类型 Site types |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小纪汗乡 YYe | 20 | 109.20° | 38.45° | 1 294 | 8.1 | 2 879 | 413.9 | 154 | 沙地 Sand |
神木县 SYe | 9 | 109.87° | 38.85° | 1 268 | 8.8 | 2 876 | 436.6 | 169 | 沙地 Sand |
忽鸡沟 HJG | 17 | 110.09° | 40.75° | 1 416 | 4.5 | 2 970 | 280.0 | 120 | 山地 Mountainous region |
碎石场 SSC | 11 | 110.10° | 40.77° | 1 430 | 4.0 | 3 077 | 300.0 | 116 | 山地 Mountainous region |
喇嘛洞 LMD | 6 | 110.30° | 40.78° | 1 222 | 3.1 | 2 952 | 362.8 | 118 | 山地 Mountainous region |
前店 QD | 9 | 110.08° | 40.77° | 1 516 | 3.6 | 3 012 | 330.8 | 120 | 山地 Mountainous region |
小井沟 XJG | 48 | 111.83° | 40.98° | 1 386 | 3.7 | 2 863 | 489.3 | 95 | 山地 Mountainous region |
表1 长柄扁桃各天然种群的地理位置及主要气候因子
Table 1 Geographical locations and main climatic conditions for the seven Amygdalus pedunculata populations sampled
种群 Population | 取样株数 Individual of samples | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 年平均气温 AAT (℃) | 年日照时间 AAS (h) | 年降水量 AP (mm) | 无霜期 Frost-free day (d) | 立地类型 Site types |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
小纪汗乡 YYe | 20 | 109.20° | 38.45° | 1 294 | 8.1 | 2 879 | 413.9 | 154 | 沙地 Sand |
神木县 SYe | 9 | 109.87° | 38.85° | 1 268 | 8.8 | 2 876 | 436.6 | 169 | 沙地 Sand |
忽鸡沟 HJG | 17 | 110.09° | 40.75° | 1 416 | 4.5 | 2 970 | 280.0 | 120 | 山地 Mountainous region |
碎石场 SSC | 11 | 110.10° | 40.77° | 1 430 | 4.0 | 3 077 | 300.0 | 116 | 山地 Mountainous region |
喇嘛洞 LMD | 6 | 110.30° | 40.78° | 1 222 | 3.1 | 2 952 | 362.8 | 118 | 山地 Mountainous region |
前店 QD | 9 | 110.08° | 40.77° | 1 516 | 3.6 | 3 012 | 330.8 | 120 | 山地 Mountainous region |
小井沟 XJG | 48 | 111.83° | 40.98° | 1 386 | 3.7 | 2 863 | 489.3 | 95 | 山地 Mountainous region |
性状 Trait | F值 F value | 方差分量百分比 Proportion of variance components (%) | 表型分化系数 Phenotypic differentiation coefficients (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种群间 Among populations | 种群内 Within population | 种群间 Among populations | 种群内 Within populations | 随机误差 Random error | |||
叶长 LL (mm) | 4.666** | 6.281** | 49.00 | 26.30 | 24.70 | 65.07 | |
叶宽 LW (mm) | 29.722** | 5.621** | 56.45 | 18.41 | 25.13 | 75.41 | |
叶柄长 PL (mm) | 1.720 | 3.357** | 10.24 | 29.41 | 60.35 | 25.83 | |
叶形指数 LSI | 40.295** | 9.621** | 66.10 | 20.06 | 13.84 | 76.72 | |
果纵径 FLD (mm) | 3.615** | 13.079** | 37.08 | 44.79 | 18.13 | 45.29 | |
果横径 FTD (mm) | 6.278** | 12.951** | 24.19 | 56.28 | 19.53 | 30.06 | |
果侧径 FSD (mm) | 12.829** | 14.658** | 27.48 | 54.87 | 17.64 | 33.37 | |
果形指数 FSI | 16.351** | 11.338** | 42.86 | 37.14 | 20.00 | 53.58 | |
果柄长 FSL (mm) | 13.582** | 9.379** | 34.03 | 41.60 | 24.37 | 45.00 | |
肉厚 PT (mm) | 10.872** | 5.169** | 30.20 | 32.18 | 37.62 | 48.41 | |
核纵径 NLD (mm) | 1.576 | 18.788** | 36.74 | 51.42 | 11.84 | 41.67 | |
核横径 NTD (mm) | 7.203** | 9.344** | 24.41 | 55.17 | 20.42 | 30.67 | |
核侧径 NSD (mm) | 6.471** | 9.413** | 16.62 | 60.42 | 22.96 | 21.57 | |
核形指数 NSI | 7.427** | 5.599** | 44.64 | 44.64 | 10.71 | 50.00 | |
平均值 Mean value | 35.72 | 40.91 | 23.37 | 45.90 |
表2 长柄扁桃表型性状的方差分析及种群间表型分化系数
Table 2 Variance analysis and phenotypic differentiation coefficients among the Amygdalus pedunculata populations sampled
性状 Trait | F值 F value | 方差分量百分比 Proportion of variance components (%) | 表型分化系数 Phenotypic differentiation coefficients (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种群间 Among populations | 种群内 Within population | 种群间 Among populations | 种群内 Within populations | 随机误差 Random error | |||
叶长 LL (mm) | 4.666** | 6.281** | 49.00 | 26.30 | 24.70 | 65.07 | |
叶宽 LW (mm) | 29.722** | 5.621** | 56.45 | 18.41 | 25.13 | 75.41 | |
叶柄长 PL (mm) | 1.720 | 3.357** | 10.24 | 29.41 | 60.35 | 25.83 | |
叶形指数 LSI | 40.295** | 9.621** | 66.10 | 20.06 | 13.84 | 76.72 | |
果纵径 FLD (mm) | 3.615** | 13.079** | 37.08 | 44.79 | 18.13 | 45.29 | |
果横径 FTD (mm) | 6.278** | 12.951** | 24.19 | 56.28 | 19.53 | 30.06 | |
果侧径 FSD (mm) | 12.829** | 14.658** | 27.48 | 54.87 | 17.64 | 33.37 | |
果形指数 FSI | 16.351** | 11.338** | 42.86 | 37.14 | 20.00 | 53.58 | |
果柄长 FSL (mm) | 13.582** | 9.379** | 34.03 | 41.60 | 24.37 | 45.00 | |
肉厚 PT (mm) | 10.872** | 5.169** | 30.20 | 32.18 | 37.62 | 48.41 | |
核纵径 NLD (mm) | 1.576 | 18.788** | 36.74 | 51.42 | 11.84 | 41.67 | |
核横径 NTD (mm) | 7.203** | 9.344** | 24.41 | 55.17 | 20.42 | 30.67 | |
核侧径 NSD (mm) | 6.471** | 9.413** | 16.62 | 60.42 | 22.96 | 21.57 | |
核形指数 NSI | 7.427** | 5.599** | 44.64 | 44.64 | 10.71 | 50.00 | |
平均值 Mean value | 35.72 | 40.91 | 23.37 | 45.90 |
性状 Trait | 种群 Population | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YYe | SYe | HJG | SSC | LMD | QD | XJG | |
LL (mm) | 22.91 ± 4.43c | 24.65 ± 5.84d | 20.89 ± 3.89ab | 24.15 ± 3.47cd | 21.23 ± 1.99b | 19.58 ± 2.28a | 21.14 ± 3.172b |
LW (mm) | 7.70 ± 1.97a | 8.19 ± 1.73a | 11.41 ± 2.34b | 13.09 ± 1.95c | 14.63 ± 2.34d | 13.75 ± 1.90c | 12.15 ± 2.49b |
PL (mm) | 6.19 ± 1.50abc | 6.96 ± 1.52d | 5.95 ± 1.28ab | 6.54 ± 1.31cd | 5.77 ± 1.67a | 6.38 ± 1.52bc | 6.42 ± 1.31bc |
LSI | 3.11 ± 0.85c | 3.06 ± 0.65c | 1.86 ± 0.30b | 1.86 ± 0.26b | 1.48 ± 0.21a | 1.44 ± 0.16a | 1.80 ± 0.38b |
FLD (mm) | 12.81 ± 1.22b | 13.35 ± 1.29c | 11.79 ± 1.42a | 12.62 ± 1.43b | 13.59 ± 1.32c | 12.14 ± 0.97a | 12.74 ± 1.09b |
FTD (mm) | 10.11 ± 0.89a | 11.32 ± 1.37c | 9.98 ± 1.56a | 11.00 ± 1.00bc | 12.55 ± 1.31d | 10.57 ± 1.03b | 11.06 ± 1.29c |
FSD (mm) | 9.37 ± 0.85a | 10.07 ± 1.00b | 10.51 ± 1.47bc | 11.41 ± 0.90d | 12.49 ± 1.29e | 10.67 ± 1.07c | 11.48 ± 1.31d |
FSI | 1.38 ± 0.16b | 1.34 ± 0.20b | 1.13 ± 0.14a | 1.11 ± 0.09a | 1.09 ± 0.09a | 1.14 ± 0.09a | 1.12 ± 0.12a |
FSL (mm) | 6.19 ± 1.21cd | 6.46 ± 1.55d | 5.20 ± 1.66b | 5.80 ± 1.92c | 4.30 ± 1.11a | 4.05 ± 1.17a | 4.01 ± 1.21a |
PT (mm) | 1.03 ± 0.35bc | 0.94 ± 0.10ab | 0.86 ± 0.38a | 1.16 ± 0.46c | 1.15 ± 0.41c | 1.46 ± 0.46d | 1.40 ± 0.41d |
NLD (mm) | 11.88 ± 1.26b | 11.74 ± 0.91b | 11.03 ± 1.22a | 11.46 ± 1.38a | 11.13 ± 1.08a | 11.00 ± 1.16a | 11.64 ± 1.13b |
NTD (mm) | 8.48 ± 1.12a | 8.98 ± 0.94b | 9.38 ± 0.97cd | 9.70 ± 0.72de | 9.55 ± 0.56de | 9.04 ± 0.95bc | 9.79 ± 0.94e |
NSD (mm) | 7.47 ± 0.64a | 7.72 ± 0.89ab | 8.22 ± 1.07c | 8.70 ± 0.73d | 8.67 ± 0.48d | 7.85 ± 0.74b | 8.30 ± 0.78c |
NSI | 1.60 ± 0.16a | 1.53 ± 0.12a | 1.37 ± 0.34bc | 1.32 ± 0.12ab | 1.28 ± 0.11a | 1.41 ± 0.13c | 1.41 ± 0.17c |
表3 长柄扁桃7个种群的表型性状及多重比较(平均值±标准偏差)
Table 3 Phenotypic traits and multiple comparison of the seven Amygdalus pedunculata populations (mean ± SD)
性状 Trait | 种群 Population | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YYe | SYe | HJG | SSC | LMD | QD | XJG | |
LL (mm) | 22.91 ± 4.43c | 24.65 ± 5.84d | 20.89 ± 3.89ab | 24.15 ± 3.47cd | 21.23 ± 1.99b | 19.58 ± 2.28a | 21.14 ± 3.172b |
LW (mm) | 7.70 ± 1.97a | 8.19 ± 1.73a | 11.41 ± 2.34b | 13.09 ± 1.95c | 14.63 ± 2.34d | 13.75 ± 1.90c | 12.15 ± 2.49b |
PL (mm) | 6.19 ± 1.50abc | 6.96 ± 1.52d | 5.95 ± 1.28ab | 6.54 ± 1.31cd | 5.77 ± 1.67a | 6.38 ± 1.52bc | 6.42 ± 1.31bc |
LSI | 3.11 ± 0.85c | 3.06 ± 0.65c | 1.86 ± 0.30b | 1.86 ± 0.26b | 1.48 ± 0.21a | 1.44 ± 0.16a | 1.80 ± 0.38b |
FLD (mm) | 12.81 ± 1.22b | 13.35 ± 1.29c | 11.79 ± 1.42a | 12.62 ± 1.43b | 13.59 ± 1.32c | 12.14 ± 0.97a | 12.74 ± 1.09b |
FTD (mm) | 10.11 ± 0.89a | 11.32 ± 1.37c | 9.98 ± 1.56a | 11.00 ± 1.00bc | 12.55 ± 1.31d | 10.57 ± 1.03b | 11.06 ± 1.29c |
FSD (mm) | 9.37 ± 0.85a | 10.07 ± 1.00b | 10.51 ± 1.47bc | 11.41 ± 0.90d | 12.49 ± 1.29e | 10.67 ± 1.07c | 11.48 ± 1.31d |
FSI | 1.38 ± 0.16b | 1.34 ± 0.20b | 1.13 ± 0.14a | 1.11 ± 0.09a | 1.09 ± 0.09a | 1.14 ± 0.09a | 1.12 ± 0.12a |
FSL (mm) | 6.19 ± 1.21cd | 6.46 ± 1.55d | 5.20 ± 1.66b | 5.80 ± 1.92c | 4.30 ± 1.11a | 4.05 ± 1.17a | 4.01 ± 1.21a |
PT (mm) | 1.03 ± 0.35bc | 0.94 ± 0.10ab | 0.86 ± 0.38a | 1.16 ± 0.46c | 1.15 ± 0.41c | 1.46 ± 0.46d | 1.40 ± 0.41d |
NLD (mm) | 11.88 ± 1.26b | 11.74 ± 0.91b | 11.03 ± 1.22a | 11.46 ± 1.38a | 11.13 ± 1.08a | 11.00 ± 1.16a | 11.64 ± 1.13b |
NTD (mm) | 8.48 ± 1.12a | 8.98 ± 0.94b | 9.38 ± 0.97cd | 9.70 ± 0.72de | 9.55 ± 0.56de | 9.04 ± 0.95bc | 9.79 ± 0.94e |
NSD (mm) | 7.47 ± 0.64a | 7.72 ± 0.89ab | 8.22 ± 1.07c | 8.70 ± 0.73d | 8.67 ± 0.48d | 7.85 ± 0.74b | 8.30 ± 0.78c |
NSI | 1.60 ± 0.16a | 1.53 ± 0.12a | 1.37 ± 0.34bc | 1.32 ± 0.12ab | 1.28 ± 0.11a | 1.41 ± 0.13c | 1.41 ± 0.17c |
性状 Trait | 种群 Population (%) | 平均值 Mean value (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YYe | SYe | HJG | SSC | LMD | QD | XJG | ||
LL | 19.34 | 23.71 | 18.64 | 14.38 | 9.39 | 11.64 | 14.97 | 16.01 |
LW | 25.53 | 21.16 | 20.52 | 14.92 | 15.99 | 13.85 | 20.53 | 18.93 |
PL | 24.19 | 21.82 | 21.59 | 20.00 | 28.90 | 23.85 | 20.46 | 22.97 |
LSI | 27.26 | 21.21 | 16.08 | 13.77 | 14.02 | 11.39 | 21.24 | 17.85 |
FLD | 9.92 | 9.67 | 12.04 | 11.34 | 9.71 | 7.98 | 8.58 | 9.89 |
FTD | 8.76 | 12.06 | 15.63 | 9.07 | 10.45 | 9.76 | 11.99 | 11.10 |
FSD | 9.07 | 9.93 | 13.98 | 7.89 | 10.37 | 10.03 | 11.43 | 10.39 |
FSL | 19.57 | 24.02 | 31.99 | 33.15 | 25.80 | 28.75 | 30.13 | 27.63 |
PT | 33.74 | 10.41 | 43.75 | 39.65 | 35.41 | 31.45 | 29.44 | 31.98 |
FSI | 11.76 | 14.61 | 12.69 | 7.92 | 8.57 | 7.51 | 10.78 | 10.55 |
NLD | 10.59 | 7.77 | 11.08 | 12.02 | 9.67 | 10.50 | 9.73 | 10.19 |
NTD | 13.26 | 10.49 | 10.30 | 7.46 | 5.86 | 10.56 | 9.61 | 9.65 |
NSD | 8.55 | 11.51 | 12.97 | 8.43 | 5.55 | 9.37 | 9.36 | 9.39 |
NSI | 10.25 | 7.80 | 24.96 | 9.36 | 8.52 | 9.41 | 11.86 | 11.74 |
Mean value | 16.56 | 14.73 | 19.02 | 14.95 | 14.16 | 14.00 | 15.72 | 15.59 |
表4 长柄扁桃表型性状的变异系数
Table 4 Variance components of phenotypic traits in Amygdalus pedunculata populations
性状 Trait | 种群 Population (%) | 平均值 Mean value (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YYe | SYe | HJG | SSC | LMD | QD | XJG | ||
LL | 19.34 | 23.71 | 18.64 | 14.38 | 9.39 | 11.64 | 14.97 | 16.01 |
LW | 25.53 | 21.16 | 20.52 | 14.92 | 15.99 | 13.85 | 20.53 | 18.93 |
PL | 24.19 | 21.82 | 21.59 | 20.00 | 28.90 | 23.85 | 20.46 | 22.97 |
LSI | 27.26 | 21.21 | 16.08 | 13.77 | 14.02 | 11.39 | 21.24 | 17.85 |
FLD | 9.92 | 9.67 | 12.04 | 11.34 | 9.71 | 7.98 | 8.58 | 9.89 |
FTD | 8.76 | 12.06 | 15.63 | 9.07 | 10.45 | 9.76 | 11.99 | 11.10 |
FSD | 9.07 | 9.93 | 13.98 | 7.89 | 10.37 | 10.03 | 11.43 | 10.39 |
FSL | 19.57 | 24.02 | 31.99 | 33.15 | 25.80 | 28.75 | 30.13 | 27.63 |
PT | 33.74 | 10.41 | 43.75 | 39.65 | 35.41 | 31.45 | 29.44 | 31.98 |
FSI | 11.76 | 14.61 | 12.69 | 7.92 | 8.57 | 7.51 | 10.78 | 10.55 |
NLD | 10.59 | 7.77 | 11.08 | 12.02 | 9.67 | 10.50 | 9.73 | 10.19 |
NTD | 13.26 | 10.49 | 10.30 | 7.46 | 5.86 | 10.56 | 9.61 | 9.65 |
NSD | 8.55 | 11.51 | 12.97 | 8.43 | 5.55 | 9.37 | 9.36 | 9.39 |
NSI | 10.25 | 7.80 | 24.96 | 9.36 | 8.52 | 9.41 | 11.86 | 11.74 |
Mean value | 16.56 | 14.73 | 19.02 | 14.95 | 14.16 | 14.00 | 15.72 | 15.59 |
性状 Trait | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 年平均气温 AAT (℃) | 年日照时间 AAS (h) | 年降水量 AP (mm) | 无霜期 Frost-free season (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | -0.344 | -0.593 | -0.439 | 0.661 | -0.095 | 0.189 | 0.606 |
LW | 0.455 | 0.910** | 0.356 | -0.958** | 0.625 | -0.426 | -0.797* |
PL | 0.022 | -0.365 | 0.134 | 0.513 | -0.123 | 0.377 | 0.416 |
LSI | -0.521 | -0.959** | -0.478 | 0.982** | -0.573 | 0.436 | 0.862* |
FLD | 0.001 | -0.345 | -0.851* | 0.269 | -0.399 | 0.537 | 0.336 |
FTD | 0.292 | 0.229 | -0.566 | -0.281 | -0.026 | 0.223 | -0.123 |
FSD | 0.594 | 0.779* | -0.075 | -0.810* | 0.336 | -0.118 | -0.707 |
FSL | -0.676 | -0.787* | -0.347 | 0.842* | -0.119 | -0.006 | 0.813* |
PT | 0.555 | 0.493 | 0.471 | -0.566 | 0.149 | 0.243 | -0.594 |
FSI | -0.600 | -0.988** | -0.419 | 0.971** | -0.586 | 0.430 | 0.899** |
NLD | -0.086 | -0.729 | -0.436 | 0.732 | -0.610 | 0.721 | 0.494 |
NTD | 0.778* | 0.845* | 0.187 | -0.755* | 0.337 | -0.116 | -0.801* |
NSD | 0.486 | 0.788* | 0.043 | -0.772* | 0.531 | -0.354 | -0.706 |
NSI | -0.417 | -0.893** | -0.218 | 0.889** | -0.656 | 0.529 | 0.739 |
Total | 5.827 | 9.701 | 5.019 | 10.003 | 5.165 | 4.705 | 8.894 |
表5 长柄扁桃表型性状与地理生态因子间的相关分析
Table 5 Analysis of correlation between phenotypic traits and geo-ecological factors in Amygdalus pedunculata populations
性状 Trait | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 年平均气温 AAT (℃) | 年日照时间 AAS (h) | 年降水量 AP (mm) | 无霜期 Frost-free season (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LL | -0.344 | -0.593 | -0.439 | 0.661 | -0.095 | 0.189 | 0.606 |
LW | 0.455 | 0.910** | 0.356 | -0.958** | 0.625 | -0.426 | -0.797* |
PL | 0.022 | -0.365 | 0.134 | 0.513 | -0.123 | 0.377 | 0.416 |
LSI | -0.521 | -0.959** | -0.478 | 0.982** | -0.573 | 0.436 | 0.862* |
FLD | 0.001 | -0.345 | -0.851* | 0.269 | -0.399 | 0.537 | 0.336 |
FTD | 0.292 | 0.229 | -0.566 | -0.281 | -0.026 | 0.223 | -0.123 |
FSD | 0.594 | 0.779* | -0.075 | -0.810* | 0.336 | -0.118 | -0.707 |
FSL | -0.676 | -0.787* | -0.347 | 0.842* | -0.119 | -0.006 | 0.813* |
PT | 0.555 | 0.493 | 0.471 | -0.566 | 0.149 | 0.243 | -0.594 |
FSI | -0.600 | -0.988** | -0.419 | 0.971** | -0.586 | 0.430 | 0.899** |
NLD | -0.086 | -0.729 | -0.436 | 0.732 | -0.610 | 0.721 | 0.494 |
NTD | 0.778* | 0.845* | 0.187 | -0.755* | 0.337 | -0.116 | -0.801* |
NSD | 0.486 | 0.788* | 0.043 | -0.772* | 0.531 | -0.354 | -0.706 |
NSI | -0.417 | -0.893** | -0.218 | 0.889** | -0.656 | 0.529 | 0.739 |
Total | 5.827 | 9.701 | 5.019 | 10.003 | 5.165 | 4.705 | 8.894 |
性状 Trait | 主成分 Main component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC-1 | PC-2 | PC-3 | PC-4 | ||
LL | 0.604 | 0.685 | -0.266 | 0.263 | |
LW | -0.976 | -0.005 | 0.057 | 0.023 | |
PL | 0.499 | 0.289 | 0.271 | 0.689 | |
LSI | 0.974 | 0.198 | -0.032 | -0.060 | |
FLD | 0.113 | 0.854 | 0.321 | -0.393 | |
FTD | -0.453 | 0.773 | 0.250 | -0.313 | |
FSD | -0.896 | 0.433 | 0.042 | -0.064 | |
FSL | 0.826 | 0.293 | -0.430 | 0.086 | |
PT | -0.500 | -0.150 | 0.775 | 0.289 | |
FSI | 0.972 | 0.030 | 0.134 | -0.184 | |
NLD | 0.751 | 0.410 | 0.244 | 0.174 | |
NTD | -0.794 | 0.334 | -0.160 | 0.376 | |
NSD | -0.825 | 0.416 | -0.326 | 0.134 | |
NSI | 0.937 | -0.171 | 0.277 | -0.049 | |
特征值 Eigen value | 8.166 | 2.699 | 1.387 | 1.120 | |
贡献率 Contributive percentage (%) | 58.329 | 19.279 | 9.909 | 8.001 | |
累计贡献率 Total percentage (%) | 58.329 | 77.608 | 87.517 | 95.518 |
表6 长柄扁桃表型性状的主成分分析
Table 6 Principal component analysis of phenotypic traits of Amygdalus pedunculata populations
性状 Trait | 主成分 Main component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC-1 | PC-2 | PC-3 | PC-4 | ||
LL | 0.604 | 0.685 | -0.266 | 0.263 | |
LW | -0.976 | -0.005 | 0.057 | 0.023 | |
PL | 0.499 | 0.289 | 0.271 | 0.689 | |
LSI | 0.974 | 0.198 | -0.032 | -0.060 | |
FLD | 0.113 | 0.854 | 0.321 | -0.393 | |
FTD | -0.453 | 0.773 | 0.250 | -0.313 | |
FSD | -0.896 | 0.433 | 0.042 | -0.064 | |
FSL | 0.826 | 0.293 | -0.430 | 0.086 | |
PT | -0.500 | -0.150 | 0.775 | 0.289 | |
FSI | 0.972 | 0.030 | 0.134 | -0.184 | |
NLD | 0.751 | 0.410 | 0.244 | 0.174 | |
NTD | -0.794 | 0.334 | -0.160 | 0.376 | |
NSD | -0.825 | 0.416 | -0.326 | 0.134 | |
NSI | 0.937 | -0.171 | 0.277 | -0.049 | |
特征值 Eigen value | 8.166 | 2.699 | 1.387 | 1.120 | |
贡献率 Contributive percentage (%) | 58.329 | 19.279 | 9.909 | 8.001 | |
累计贡献率 Total percentage (%) | 58.329 | 77.608 | 87.517 | 95.518 |
图1 基于表型性状(PC-1, PC-2)的长柄扁桃种群关系。种群缩写见表1。
Fig. 1 The relationship among different Amygdalus pedunculata populations based on PC-1 and PC-2. Table 1 indicated the numbers of populations.
图2 基于表型性状的长柄扁桃种群聚类分析。种群缩写同表1。
Fig. 2 Cluster analysis based on the phenotypic traits of Amygdalus pedunculata populations. Table 1 indicated the numbers of populations.
图3 不同立地下长柄扁桃叶片形态变异。A, 山地。B, 沙地。网格大小为1 cm × 1 cm。
Fig. 3 The phenotype difference of leaves in Amygdalus pedunculata between different stands. A, Mountainous region. B, Sand. The size of the grid was 1 cm × 1 cm.
图4 不同立地下长柄扁桃果实形态变异。A, 山地果枝。B, 山地果实。C, 山地果肉。D, 沙地果枝。E, 沙地果实。F, 沙地果肉。网格大小为1 cm × 1 cm。
Fig. 4 The phenotype difference of fruits in Amygdalus pedunculata between different stands. A, Fruit spur from mountainous region. B, Fruit from mountainous region. C, Pulp from mountainous region. D, Fruit spur from sand. E, Fruit from sand. F, Pulp from sand. The size of the grid was 1 cm × 1 cm.
性状 Trait | 山地 Mountainous region | 沙地 Sand | t检验 t-test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分布范围 Rangeability | 均值 Mean value | 标准偏差 Standard deviation | 分布范围 Rangeability | 均值 Mean value | 标准偏差 Standard deviation | ||
LL (mm) | 9.21-33.19 | 20.75 | 4.04 | 12.16-38.91 | 23.45 | 4.96 | ** |
LW (mm) | 5.21-19.52 | 12.01 | 2.61 | 4.23-13.95 | 7.85 | 1.90 | ** |
PL (mm) | 2.68-12.22 | 6.28 | 1.43 | 2.87-10.44 | 6.44 | 1.57 | - |
LSI | 0.84-3.23 | 1.77 | 0.35 | 1.96-5.93 | 3.08 | 0.72 | ** |
FLD (mm) | 7.14-19.22 | 12.65 | 1.45 | 9.75-16.21 | 12.98 | 1.26 | * |
FTD (mm) | 5.58-14.77 | 10.68 | 1.39 | 8.30-14.65 | 10.49 | 1.19 | - |
FSD (mm) | 5.92-15.73 | 11.20 | 1.33 | 7.24-12.06 | 9.59 | 0.95 | ** |
FSL (mm) | 1.16-10.15 | 4.47 | 1.54 | 3.08-10.07 | 6.27 | 1.32 | ** |
PT (mm) | 0.15-2.99 | 1.23 | 0.47 | 0.38-2.21 | 1.00 | 0.30 | ** |
FSI | 0.75-1.66 | 1.14 | 0.14 | 0.94-1.82 | 1.36 | 0.17 | ** |
NLD (mm) | 7.28-18.15 | 11.61 | 1.44 | 9.89-15.27 | 11.84 | 1.16 | - |
NTD (mm) | 7.04-13.45 | 9.67 | 0.97 | 5.82-10.97 | 8.64 | 1.09 | ** |
NSD (mm) | 2.48-11.93 | 8.27 | 0.85 | 6.09-9.64 | 7.54 | 0.73 | ** |
NSI | 0.81-4.06 | 1.42 | 0.25 | 1.23-2.01 | 1.58 | 0.15 | ** |
表7 不同立地对长柄扁桃表型的影响
Table 7 The influence of different stands on Amygdalus pedunculata populations
性状 Trait | 山地 Mountainous region | 沙地 Sand | t检验 t-test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分布范围 Rangeability | 均值 Mean value | 标准偏差 Standard deviation | 分布范围 Rangeability | 均值 Mean value | 标准偏差 Standard deviation | ||
LL (mm) | 9.21-33.19 | 20.75 | 4.04 | 12.16-38.91 | 23.45 | 4.96 | ** |
LW (mm) | 5.21-19.52 | 12.01 | 2.61 | 4.23-13.95 | 7.85 | 1.90 | ** |
PL (mm) | 2.68-12.22 | 6.28 | 1.43 | 2.87-10.44 | 6.44 | 1.57 | - |
LSI | 0.84-3.23 | 1.77 | 0.35 | 1.96-5.93 | 3.08 | 0.72 | ** |
FLD (mm) | 7.14-19.22 | 12.65 | 1.45 | 9.75-16.21 | 12.98 | 1.26 | * |
FTD (mm) | 5.58-14.77 | 10.68 | 1.39 | 8.30-14.65 | 10.49 | 1.19 | - |
FSD (mm) | 5.92-15.73 | 11.20 | 1.33 | 7.24-12.06 | 9.59 | 0.95 | ** |
FSL (mm) | 1.16-10.15 | 4.47 | 1.54 | 3.08-10.07 | 6.27 | 1.32 | ** |
PT (mm) | 0.15-2.99 | 1.23 | 0.47 | 0.38-2.21 | 1.00 | 0.30 | ** |
FSI | 0.75-1.66 | 1.14 | 0.14 | 0.94-1.82 | 1.36 | 0.17 | ** |
NLD (mm) | 7.28-18.15 | 11.61 | 1.44 | 9.89-15.27 | 11.84 | 1.16 | - |
NTD (mm) | 7.04-13.45 | 9.67 | 0.97 | 5.82-10.97 | 8.64 | 1.09 | ** |
NSD (mm) | 2.48-11.93 | 8.27 | 0.85 | 6.09-9.64 | 7.54 | 0.73 | ** |
NSI | 0.81-4.06 | 1.42 | 0.25 | 1.23-2.01 | 1.58 | 0.15 | ** |
山地 Mountainous region | 沙地 Sand | |
---|---|---|
叶片形态 Leaf morphology | 叶片近圆形至长圆形, 长9.21-33.19 mm, 宽5.21-19.52 mm; 叶柄长2.68-12.22 mm。 Blade rotund to oblong, 9.21-33.19 mm long, 5.21-19.52 mm wide; petioles 2.68-12.22 mm long. | 叶长椭圆形或卵状披针形, 长12.16-38.91 mm, 宽4.23-13.95 mm; 叶柄长2.87-10.44 mm。 Blade long oval to ovate-lanceolate, 12.16-38.91 mm long, 4.23- 13.95 mm wide; petioles 2.87-10.44 mm long. |
果实形态 Fruit morphology | 果实近球形, 直径5.92-15.73 mm; 果柄较短, 长1.16-10.15 mm; 果肉较厚, 0.15-2.99 mm。 Fruit subglobose, 5.92-15.73 mm in diameter; fruit stem short, 1.16-10.15 mm; pulp thick, 0.15-2.99 mm. | 果实卵球形, 直径7.24-12.06 mm; 果柄较长, 长3.08-10.07 mm; 果肉较薄, 0.38-2.21 mm。 Fruit ovoid, 7.24-12.06 mm in diameter; fruit stem long, 3.08-10.07 mm; pulp thin, 0.38-2.21 mm. |
核形态 Stone form | 核宽卵形至近球形, 直径2.48-11.93 mm。 Stone wide oval to subglobose, 2.48-11.93 mm in diameter. | 核宽卵形, 直径6.09-9.64 mm。 Stone wide oval to subglobose, 6.09-9.64 mm in diameter. |
表8 不同立地长柄扁桃形态特征对比
Table 8 Comparisons of morphological characteristics of Amygdalus pedunculata populations between different sites
山地 Mountainous region | 沙地 Sand | |
---|---|---|
叶片形态 Leaf morphology | 叶片近圆形至长圆形, 长9.21-33.19 mm, 宽5.21-19.52 mm; 叶柄长2.68-12.22 mm。 Blade rotund to oblong, 9.21-33.19 mm long, 5.21-19.52 mm wide; petioles 2.68-12.22 mm long. | 叶长椭圆形或卵状披针形, 长12.16-38.91 mm, 宽4.23-13.95 mm; 叶柄长2.87-10.44 mm。 Blade long oval to ovate-lanceolate, 12.16-38.91 mm long, 4.23- 13.95 mm wide; petioles 2.87-10.44 mm long. |
果实形态 Fruit morphology | 果实近球形, 直径5.92-15.73 mm; 果柄较短, 长1.16-10.15 mm; 果肉较厚, 0.15-2.99 mm。 Fruit subglobose, 5.92-15.73 mm in diameter; fruit stem short, 1.16-10.15 mm; pulp thick, 0.15-2.99 mm. | 果实卵球形, 直径7.24-12.06 mm; 果柄较长, 长3.08-10.07 mm; 果肉较薄, 0.38-2.21 mm。 Fruit ovoid, 7.24-12.06 mm in diameter; fruit stem long, 3.08-10.07 mm; pulp thin, 0.38-2.21 mm. |
核形态 Stone form | 核宽卵形至近球形, 直径2.48-11.93 mm。 Stone wide oval to subglobose, 2.48-11.93 mm in diameter. | 核宽卵形, 直径6.09-9.64 mm。 Stone wide oval to subglobose, 6.09-9.64 mm in diameter. |
地理生态因子 Geo-ecological factor | 山地 Mountainous region | 沙地 Sand | t检验 t-test | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值 Mean value | 标准偏差 Standard deviation | 均值 Mean value | 标准偏差 Standard deviation | ||
经度 Longitude (E) | 110.48 | 0.76 | 109.535 | 0.47 | - |
纬度 Latitude (N) | 40.81 | 0.10 | 38.65 | 0.28 | * |
海拔 Altitude (m) | 1 394.00 | 107.60 | 1 281.00 | 18.38 | - |
年平均气温 AAT (℃) | 3.78 | 0.52 | 8.45 | 0.49 | ** |
年日照时间 AAS (h) | 2 974.80 | 78.85 | 2 877.50 | 2.12 | - |
年降水量 AP (mm) | 352.58 | 82.62 | 425.25 | 16.05 | - |
无霜期 Frost-free season (d) | 113.80 | 10.64 | 161.50 | 10.60 | ** |
表9 不同立地各地理生态因子的比较分析
Table 9 Comparisons on geographical and ecological factors between different sites
地理生态因子 Geo-ecological factor | 山地 Mountainous region | 沙地 Sand | t检验 t-test | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
均值 Mean value | 标准偏差 Standard deviation | 均值 Mean value | 标准偏差 Standard deviation | ||
经度 Longitude (E) | 110.48 | 0.76 | 109.535 | 0.47 | - |
纬度 Latitude (N) | 40.81 | 0.10 | 38.65 | 0.28 | * |
海拔 Altitude (m) | 1 394.00 | 107.60 | 1 281.00 | 18.38 | - |
年平均气温 AAT (℃) | 3.78 | 0.52 | 8.45 | 0.49 | ** |
年日照时间 AAS (h) | 2 974.80 | 78.85 | 2 877.50 | 2.12 | - |
年降水量 AP (mm) | 352.58 | 82.62 | 425.25 | 16.05 | - |
无霜期 Frost-free season (d) | 113.80 | 10.64 | 161.50 | 10.60 | ** |
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