思茅松天然群体种实表型变异

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00103

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以云南省思茅松(Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis)天然分布区的11个种群的16个种实性状为研究对象, 采用巢式方差分析、变异系数、相关分析和非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)等多种分析方法, 探讨思茅松种群间和种群内的表型变异。结果表明: 思茅松种实表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在着较丰富的差异, 种群内的变异(54.76%)大于种群间的变异(10.44%), 种群间平均分化系数为11.95%, 分化程度相对较小。球果总种子数的平均变异系数最高(35.51%), 其次是球果质量(35.1%), 种子大小的平均变异系数最小(8.86%), 成为最稳定的种实性状; 景谷县的表型多样性最丰富, 景洪市则最小。球果和种子大部分表型性状之间存在显著或极显著相关, 其中球果长和球果质量越大, 种鳞长、种子长、种翅长、千粒重、球果总种鳞数和球果总种子数就越大。生态因子中, 年平均气温对表型性状影响最大, 其次是1月平均气温和>5 ℃积温。利用种群间聚类分析可以把思茅松的11个种群分为2类4个亚类, 表型性状依据地理距离进行聚类, 聚类结果与年降水量和>5 ℃积温相关性显著。

关键词: 球果, 相关分析, 表型分化, 表型变异, 思茅松, 种子

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to determine phenotypic variations in 11 natural Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis populations and their relationship with distributions.
Methods We investigated 16 phenotypic traits for 330 individuals in 11 natural populations of P. kesiya var. langbianensis in Yunnan Province, and used nested analysis, variation coefficient, correlation analysis, and un-weighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis to analyze results.
Important findings There are significant differences in phenotypic variation among and within populations. Variation is greater within populations (54.76%) than among populations (10.44%). Mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient is 11.95% among populations. Differentiations among populations are relatively small. The average variation coefficient of seed weight is highest (35.51%), followed by cone weight (35.1%); the average variation coefficient of seed size is smallest (8.86%). The seed size is the most stable phenotypic traits. Phenotypic diversity is greatest in Jinggu County and smallest in Jinghong City. There are significant or highly significant correlations among most phenotypic traits in cones and seed, indicating that greater the cone length and cone weight, larger the seed scales, seed size, seed wing, 1000 seeds weight, and the number of seed scales and seeds per cone. The mean annual temperature appears to be the most prominent ecological factor influencing phenotypic traits, followed by the January mean temperature and growing degree days at >5 °C. According to UPGMA cluster analysis, the 11 populations can be divided into two groups and four subgroups due to difference in geographic distance, which is significantly related to annual precipitation and growing degree days at >5 °C.

Key words: cone, correlation analysis, phenotypic differentiation, phenotypic variation, Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, seed

李帅锋,苏建荣,刘万德,郎学东,张志钧,苏磊,贾呈鑫卓,杨华景. 思茅松天然群体种实表型变异. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(11): 998-1009. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00103

LI Shuai-Feng,SU Jian-Rong,LIU Wan-De,LANG Xue-Dong,ZHANG Zhi-Jun,SU Lei,JIA Cheng-Xin-Zhuo,YANG Hua-Jing. Phenotypic variations in cones and seeds of natural Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis populations in Yunnan Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(11): 998-1009. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00103

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00103

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I11/998

图/表 9

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种群 Population	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Elevation (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)
昌宁 CN	24°23′	99°25′	1 450-150 0	14.9	1 259.0
景洪 JH	22°26′	100°54′	1 100-120 0	21.8	1 197.6
耿马 GM	23°26′	99°21′	1 170-140 0	18.8	1 311.9
景东 JD	24°38′	100°57′	1 245-140 0	18.3	1 087.0
景谷 JG	23°33′	100°30′	1 100-159 5	20.2	1 232.6
澜沧 LC	22°13′	99°41′	1 390-147 0	19.0	1 522.6
梁河 LH	24°38′	98°20′	990-105 0	18.3	1 357.1
勐海 MH	22°13′	100°17′	1 100-120 0	18.2	1 363.7
普洱 PE	22°45′	100°47′	1 300-137 0	17.7	1 626.5
云县 YX	24°32′	100°12′	1 410-148 0	19.4	904.7
镇沅 ZY	23°59′	101°5′	1 140-137 0	15.8	1 284.8

种群 Population	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Elevation (m)	年平均气温 Mean annual air temperature (℃)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)
昌宁 CN	24°23′	99°25′	1 450-150 0	14.9	1 259.0
景洪 JH	22°26′	100°54′	1 100-120 0	21.8	1 197.6
耿马 GM	23°26′	99°21′	1 170-140 0	18.8	1 311.9
景东 JD	24°38′	100°57′	1 245-140 0	18.3	1 087.0
景谷 JG	23°33′	100°30′	1 100-159 5	20.2	1 232.6
澜沧 LC	22°13′	99°41′	1 390-147 0	19.0	1 522.6
梁河 LH	24°38′	98°20′	990-105 0	18.3	1 357.1
勐海 MH	22°13′	100°17′	1 100-120 0	18.2	1 363.7
普洱 PE	22°45′	100°47′	1 300-137 0	17.7	1 626.5
云县 YX	24°32′	100°12′	1 410-148 0	19.4	904.7
镇沅 ZY	23°59′	101°5′	1 140-137 0	15.8	1 284.8

表型性状 Phenotypic trait	均方 Mean square			F值 F value
表型性状 Phenotypic trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population
CL	2 561.48	767.23	32.95	3.34^**	23.28^**
CW	828.27	109.76	6.09	7.55^**	18.04^**
CLW	2.33	0.29	0.02	7.92^**	11.92^**
CWE	3 375.96	493.53	18.72	6.84^**	26.37^**
SSL	340.45	53.48	2.16	6.37^**	24.71^**
SSW	62.41	9.55	0.56	6.54^**	17.16^**
SSLW	0.44	0.21	0.01	2.07	19.70^**
SL	6.50	1.31	0.09	4.97^**	14.80^**
SW	2.21	0.25	0.04	8.82^**	6.95^**
SLW	0.02	0.06	0.01	3.74^**	7.89^**
SWL	184.99	27.56	1.39	6.71^**	19.87^**
SWW	10.66	2.33	0.22	4.57^**	10.61^**
SWLW	1.55	0.51	0.03	3.01^**	15.68^**
SCALE	6 667.30	1 076.28	152.88	6.19^**	7.04^**
SEED	3 822.39	1 490.39	186.83	2.56^**	7.98^**
GW	331.62	63.37	8.54	5.23^**	7.42^**

表型性状 Phenotypic trait	均方 Mean square			F值 F value
表型性状 Phenotypic trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population
CL	2 561.48	767.23	32.95	3.34^**	23.28^**
CW	828.27	109.76	6.09	7.55^**	18.04^**
CLW	2.33	0.29	0.02	7.92^**	11.92^**
CWE	3 375.96	493.53	18.72	6.84^**	26.37^**
SSL	340.45	53.48	2.16	6.37^**	24.71^**
SSW	62.41	9.55	0.56	6.54^**	17.16^**
SSLW	0.44	0.21	0.01	2.07	19.70^**
SL	6.50	1.31	0.09	4.97^**	14.80^**
SW	2.21	0.25	0.04	8.82^**	6.95^**
SLW	0.02	0.06	0.01	3.74^**	7.89^**
SWL	184.99	27.56	1.39	6.71^**	19.87^**
SWW	10.66	2.33	0.22	4.57^**	10.61^**
SWLW	1.55	0.51	0.03	3.01^**	15.68^**
SCALE	6 667.30	1 076.28	152.88	6.19^**	7.04^**
SEED	3 822.39	1 490.39	186.83	2.56^**	7.98^**
GW	331.62	63.37	8.54	5.23^**	7.42^**

表型性状 Phenotypic trait	种群 Population											平均值 Mean value
表型性状 Phenotypic trait	CN	JH	GM	JD	JG	LC	LH	MH	PE	YX	ZY	平均值 Mean value
CL	59.36 ± 8.48^d	63.95 ± 8.04^abcd	61.26 ± 10.02^cd	64.87 ± 9.45^abcd	69.47 ± 14.66^a	61.54 ± 8.63^cd	59.86 ± 10.35^d	62.32 ± 10.96^bcd	66.43 ± 9.57^abc	62.87 ± 11.61^bcd	67.91 ± 8.39^ab	63.62 ± 10.63
CW	32.75 ± 2.94^de	31.43 ± 3.05^e	33.83 ± 3.59^cd	35.61 ± 3.95^abc	34.09 ± 4.56^cd	32.89 ± 3.02^de	34.50 ± 4.53^bcd	35.25 ± 4.56^bc	36.35 ± 3.62^ab	33.65 ± 5.27^cd	38.10 ± 4.25^a	34.40 ± 4.37
CLW	1.81 ± 0.22^bc	2.04 ± 0.22^a	1.81 ± 0.24^bc	1.83 ± 0.21^bc	2.03 ± 0.30^a	1.87 ± 0.17^b	1.74 ± 0.20^c	1.77 ± 0.21^bc	1.83 ± 0.22^bc	1.87 ± 0.26^b	1.79 ± 0.21^bc	1.85 ± 0.24
CWE	21.74 ± 6.38^d	21.38 ± 5.76^d	22.57 ± 7.49^cd	27.87 ± 8.53^b	26.84 ± 10.09^bc	22.01 ± 5.99^d	21.47 ± 7.72^d	24.78 ± 8.70^bcd	28.73 ± 9.19^b	24.57 ± 8.31^bcd	32.99 ± 8.92^a	25.00 ± 8.77
SSL	23.43 ± 2.43^cde	23.07 ± 1.88^de	24.19 ± 3.27^bcd	24.89 ± 3.04^abcd	26.05 ± 5.05^ab	23.04 ± 2.38^de	24.96 ± 3.06^abc	26.00 ± 2.99^ab	26.65 ± 3.10^a	22.11 ± 4.01^e	25.90 ± 3.20^ab	24.57 ± 3.53
SSW	12.39 ± 1.09^cd	12.82 ± 1.34^bc	12.35 ± 1.21^cd	13.25 ± 1.32^ab	13.28 ± 1.79^ab	12.85 ± 1.18^bc	13.33 ± 1.47^ab	13.45 ± 1.36^ab	13.78 ± 1.55^a	11.70 ± 1.66^d	13.76 ± 1.46^a	13.00 ± 1.54
SSLW	1.90 ± 0.17^ab	1.81 ± 0.19^b	1.97 ± 0.24^a	1.89 ± 0.27^ab	1.95 ± 0.21^a	1.80 ± 0.16^b	1.88 ± 0.19^ab	1.94 ± 0.18^a	1.94 ± 0.20^a	1.89 ± 0.24^ab	1.89 ± 0.21^ab	1.90 ± 0.21
SL	5.58 ± 0.45^c	5.66 ± 0.41^bc	5.67 ± 0.47^bc	5.68 ± 0.45^bc	6.07 ± 1.02^a	5.63 ± 0.40^c	5.68 ± 0.46^bc	5.95 ± 0.48^ab	5.88 ± 0.45^abc	5.28 ± 0.51^d	5.68 ± 0.49^bc	5.70 ± 0.58
SW	3.39 ± 0.20^c	3.48 ± 0.23^bc	3.47 ± 0.22^bc	3.46 ± 0.33^c	3.44 ± 0.37^c	3.49 ± 0.20^bc	3.39 ± 0.25^c	3.67 ± 0.29^a	3.59 ± 0.27^ab	3.20 ± 0.25^d	3.39 ± 0.36^c	3.45 ± 0.29
SLW	1.65 ± 0.12^b	1.63 ± 0.09^b	1.64 ± 0.11^b	1.65 ± 0.13^b	1.76 ± 0.20^a	1.62 ± 0.10^b	1.68 ± 0.12^b	1.62 ± 0.11^b	1.64 ± 0.12^b	1.66 ± 0.15^b	1.68 ± 0.16^b	1.66 ± 0.14
SWL	13.63 ± 1.62^cde	13.39 ± 1.36^de	14.23 ± 2.63^bcd	15.03 ± 2.42^ab	15.25 ± 3.73^ab	12.71 ± 1.42^e	14.82 ± 2.38^abc	15.02 ± 2.09^ab	16.09 ± 2.08^a	12.55 ± 2.81^e	14.36 ± 2.50^bcd	14.28 ± 2.59
SWW	6.46 ± 0.59^de	6.63 ± 0.77^bcd	6.49 ± 0.64^cde	6.76 ± 0.76^abcd	6.82 ± 0.94^abcd	6.60 ± 0.62^bcd	6.86 ± 0.74^abcd	7.00 ± 0.68^ab	7.13 ± 0.62^a	6.20 ± 0.86^e	6.85 ± 0.90^abcd	6.71 ± 0.79
SWLW	2.12 ± 0.27^ab	2.03 ± 0.21^bc	2.20 ± 0.43^ab	2.25 ± 0.40^a	2.22 ± 0.37^ab	1.94 ± 0.23^c	2.17 ± 0.31^ab	2.16 ± 0.31^ab	2.26 ± 0.26^a	2.03 ± 0.39^bc	2.11 ± 0.38^ab	2.14 ± 0.34
SCALE	106.91 ± 14.89^bc	95.81 ± 13.07^d	102.24 ± 17.74^bcd	100.15 ± 17.07^cd	98.16 ± 19.09^d	101.37 ± 15.48^bcd	98.65 ± 18.4^cd	99.67 ± 19.51^cd	106.87 ± 14.98^bc	119.23 ± 23.77^a	109.05 ± 14.38^b	103.47 ± 18.45
SEED	55.87 ± 19.92^a	60.33 ± 18.36^a	60.46 ± 19.64^a	56.57 ± 21.41^a	45.70 ± 17.33^b	56.43 ± 16.40^a	62.92 ± 22.71^a	57.53 ± 19.70^a	65.22 ± 18.45^a	56.83 ± 25.59^a	55.32 ± 17.86^a	57.55 ± 20.43
GW	17.08 ± 3.34^b	17.96 ± 3.31^ab	17.55 ± 3.21^ab	18.90 ± 4.16^ab	18.88 ± 5.77^ab	17.51 ± 3.87^ab	16.94 ± 4.27^b	19.43 ± 5.69^ab	19.95 ± 3.85^a	14.04 ± 3.12^c	17.23 ± 4.23^b	17.68 ± 4.39