火烧信号对种子萌发影响的研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0123

植物生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 1177-1190.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0123

火烧信号对种子萌发影响的研究进展

李绍阳¹^,², 马红媛¹^,^*(), 赵丹丹¹^,³, 马梦谣¹, 亓雯雯¹

¹中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130102
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³滨州学院, 山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室, 山东滨州 256603

收稿日期:2021-04-06 接受日期:2021-09-07 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2021-09-18
通讯作者: 马红媛
作者简介:* (mahongyuan@iga.ac.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41977424);国家自然科学基金(41771058);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA2306040303);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA28110300);吉林省自然科学基金(20200201026JC)

Research progress on the effects of fire-related cues on seed germination

LI Shao-Yang¹^,², MA Hong-Yuan¹^,^*(), ZHAO Dan-Dan¹^,³, MA Meng-Yao¹, QI Wen-Wen¹

¹Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China

Received:2021-04-06 Accepted:2021-09-07 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2021-09-18
Contact: MA Hong-Yuan
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977424);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771058);Category A Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA2306040303);Category A Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28110300);Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(20200201026JC)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

火作为一个基础的生态因子, 对森林、草地等陆地生态系统的结构和功能有着重要的影响。种子萌发是种子植物的重要生活史阶段, 也是火后植被更新和恢复的主要途径。植被燃烧产生了烟、热以及与烟相关的一系列火烧信号, 在打破种子休眠, 促进种子萌发方面发挥重要作用。该文将火烧信号分为物理信号和化学信号, 物理信号主要是伴随火烧产生的高温, 化学信号主要包括气态烟以及近年来从烟水中提取的影响种子萌发的关键化学物质karrikins和glyceronitrile。该文围绕火烧的基本信息, 火烧信号对种子萌发的影响, 火烧信号在实践中的应用3个方面进行系统综述, 重点探讨了不同类别的火烧信号及其交互作用对种子萌发的影响。在系统总结火烧信号对种子萌发影响的研究进展的基础上, 提出未来的研究应与烟信号作用机理的探究以及全球变化等方面相结合, 旨在充分发挥火的生态服务功能, 为火的科学管理应用和退化生态系统恢复提供理论支撑。

关键词: 种子萌发, 火烧, 物理信号, 化学信号, 交互作用

Abstract:

Fire is a fundamental ecological factor profoundly affecting many terrestrial ecosystems including forest and grassland ecosystems. Seed germination is an important life-history stage of plants, and it is also the main strategy for the regeneration and restoration of vegetation after fire events. Vegetation combustion produces smoke, heat and a series of fire cues associated with smoke, and plays critical roles in breaking seed dormancy and seedling establishment. In this study, we clustered the fire cues into two categories, i.e., physical cues (heat) and chemical cues (aerial smoke, karrikins, glyceronitrile) and focused on the basic information of fire, the effects of fire cues on seed germination, and the application of fire cues. In addition, we focused on the effects of different types of fire cues and their interactions on seed germination. Based on a systematic review of the research progress on the effects of fire cues on seed germination, this study also provided suggestions for the future research, such as mechanism of smoke cues on seed germination and seedling growth via molecular technologies, and interaction of smoke cues with climate changes. In summary, based on the review of the ecological functions of fire-related cues on seed germination, this study aims to provide theoretical support for the scientific management of grassland and forest ecosystems and also provide basis for the applications of fire and the restoration of degraded ecosystems.

Key words: seed germination, fire, physical cues, chemical cues, interaction

李绍阳, 马红媛, 赵丹丹, 马梦谣, 亓雯雯. 火烧信号对种子萌发影响的研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(11): 1177-1190. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0123

LI Shao-Yang, MA Hong-Yuan, ZHAO Dan-Dan, MA Meng-Yao, QI Wen-Wen. Research progress on the effects of fire-related cues on seed germination. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(11): 1177-1190. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0123

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2021.0123

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I11/1177

图/表 6

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科 Family	物种 Species	实验设计 Experiment design	主要发现 Main findings
豆科 Fabaceae	鹰爪豆 Spartium junceum	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在110 ℃-5 min处理下达到80% (Reyes & Trabaud, 2009)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 80% at the 110 °C-5 min treatment (Reyes & Trabaud, 2009).
豆科 Fabaceae	Bituminaria bituminosa	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率在110 ℃-5 min处理下达到最大值, 110/150 ℃-10 min处理完全抑制了萌发(Reyes & Trabaud, 2009)。 The germination percentage reached the maximum at the 110 °C-5 min treatment, and the germination was completely inhibited at 110/150 °C-10 min treatments (Reyes & Trabaud, 2009).
豆科 Fabaceae	阿拉伯胶树 Senegalia senegal	T (60, 90, 120, 150 ℃) ´ t (1, 5, 10 min)	在90 ℃-5 min处理下萌发率最大值达到82%, 比对照提高了23% (Herrero et al., 2019)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 82% at the 90 °C-5 min treatment, which was 23% higher than the control (Herrero et al., 2019).
豆科 Fabaceae	金雀儿 Cytisus scoparius	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在80 ℃-10 min处理下达到36%, 同对照相比提高了30% (Rivas et al., 2006)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 36% at the 80 °C-10 min treatment, which was 30% higher than the control (Rivas et al., 2006).
豆科 Fabaceae	Genista tridentata	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在110 ℃-5 min处理下达到65%, 同对照相比提高了50% (Rivas et al., 2006)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 65% at the 110 °C -5 min treatment, which was 50% higher than the control (Rivas et al., 2006).
豆科 Fabaceae	Cytisus striatus	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在110 ℃-10 min处理下达到58%, 同对照相比提高了46% (Rivas et al., 2006)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 58% at the 110 °C-10 min treatment, which was 46% higher than the control (Rivas et al., 2006).
豆科 Fabaceae	Genista triacanthos	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在100 ℃-5 min, 120 ℃-10 min处理下达到91%, 比对照提高了87% (Moreira et al., 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 91% at 100 °C-5 min and 120 °C-10 min treatments, which was 87% higher than the control (Moreira et al., 2010).
豆科 Fabaceae	Viminaria juncea	T (40, 60, 80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (10 min)	萌发率在100 ℃-10 min处理下达到最大值, 在120 ℃下不萌发(Liyanage & Ooi, 2015)。 The germination percentage reached the maximum at the 100 °C-10 min treatment, and the germination was completely inhibited at 120 °C treatments (Liyanage & Ooi, 2015).
杨柳科Salicaceae	大青杨 Populus ussuriensis	T (70, 90, 110 ℃) ´ t (5, 10, 15 min)	萌发率最大值在70 ℃-15 min处理下达到46% (巴丽娜等, 2018)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 46% at the 70 °C-15 min treatment (Ba et al., 2018)。
番杏科Aizoaceae	Mesembryanthemum crystallinum	T (103 ℃) ´ t (17 h)	热激处理的萌发率比对照提高了56% (Visscher et al., 2018)。 The germination percentage of the heat shock treatments increased by 56% compared with the control (Visscher et al., 2018).
锦葵科Malvaceae	Guazuma ulmifolia	T (60 ℃) ´ t (10, 20, 40 min), T (80 ℃) ´ t (5, 10, 20 min), T (100 ℃) ´ t (2.5, 5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在100 ℃-5 min处理下达到18%, 对照处理不萌发(Ribeiro et al., 2013)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 18% at the 100 °C-5 min treatment, and no germination was observed in the control treatment (Ribeiro et al., 2013).
锦葵科 Malvaceae	Fremontodendron californicum	T (100, 110, 130, 140, 150 ℃) ´ t (5 min), T (80 ℃) ´ t (1 h)	新鲜采集种子的萌发率最大值在100 ℃-5 min处理下超过了60%, 对照处理不萌发(Keeley et al., 2005)。 The maximum germination percentage of fresh seeds was more than 60% at the 100 °C-5 min treatment, while the control treatment did not germinate (Keeley et al., 2005).
科 Family	物种 Species	实验设计 Experiment design	主要发现 Main findings
半日花科 Cistaceae	Cistus albidus	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在120 ℃-5 min处理下达到61%, 同对照相比提高了50% (Moreira et al., 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 61% at the 120 °C-5 min treatment, which was 50% higher than the control (Moreira et al., 2010).
半日花科 Cistaceae	Cistus monspeliensis	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在120 ℃-5 min处理下达到73%, 同对照相比提高了62% (Moreira et al., 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 73% at the 120 °C-5 min treatment, which was 62% higher than the control (Moreira et al., 2010).
半日花科 Cistaceae	Cistus creticus	T (80, 100, 120, 150 ℃) ´ t (5 min)	萌发率在100、120、150 ℃处理下显著高于对照处理(Tavsanoglu, 2011)。 The germination percentage at 100, 120 and 150 °C treatments was significantly higher than the control (Tavsanoglu, 2011).
半日花科 Cistaceae	Helianthemum apenninum	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (10 min)	萌发率最大值在80 ℃-10 min处理下达到39%, 同对照相比提高了19% (Luna et al., 2007)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 39% at the 80 °C-10 min treatment, which was 19% higher than the control (Luna et al., 2007).
唇形科 Labiatae	宽叶薰衣草 Lavandula latifolia	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在100 ℃-5 min处理下达到32%, 同对照相比提高了19% (Moreira et al., 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 32% at the 100 °C-5 min treatment, which was 19% higher than the control (Moreira et al., 2010).
唇形科 Labiatae	Lavandula stoechas	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在120 ℃-5 min处理下达到72%, 同对照相比提高了62% (Moreira et al., 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 72% at the 120 °C-5 min treatment, which was 62% higher than the control (Moreira et al., 2010).
菊科 Asteraceae	Catananche caerulea	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (10 min)	萌发率最大值在80 ℃-10 min处理下达到55%, 同对照相比提高了44% (Luna et al., 2007)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 55% at the 80 °C-10 min treatment, which was 44% higher than the control (Luna et al., 2007).
禾本科 Poaceae	小穗臭草 Melica ciliata	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率在110 ℃-5 min处理下达到最大值, 150 ℃-10 min热激处理完全抑制了萌发(Reyes & Trabaud, 2009)。 The germination percentage reached the maximum at the 110 °C-5 min treatment, and the germination was completely inhibited at the 150 °C-10 min treatment (Reyes & Trabaud, 2009).

科 Family	物种 Species	实验设计 Experiment design	主要发现 Main findings
豆科 Fabaceae	鹰爪豆 Spartium junceum	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在110 ℃-5 min处理下达到80% (Reyes & Trabaud, 2009)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 80% at the 110 °C-5 min treatment (Reyes & Trabaud, 2009).
豆科 Fabaceae	Bituminaria bituminosa	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率在110 ℃-5 min处理下达到最大值, 110/150 ℃-10 min处理完全抑制了萌发(Reyes & Trabaud, 2009)。 The germination percentage reached the maximum at the 110 °C-5 min treatment, and the germination was completely inhibited at 110/150 °C-10 min treatments (Reyes & Trabaud, 2009).
豆科 Fabaceae	阿拉伯胶树 Senegalia senegal	T (60, 90, 120, 150 ℃) ´ t (1, 5, 10 min)	在90 ℃-5 min处理下萌发率最大值达到82%, 比对照提高了23% (Herrero et al., 2019)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 82% at the 90 °C-5 min treatment, which was 23% higher than the control (Herrero et al., 2019).
豆科 Fabaceae	金雀儿 Cytisus scoparius	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在80 ℃-10 min处理下达到36%, 同对照相比提高了30% (Rivas et al., 2006)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 36% at the 80 °C-10 min treatment, which was 30% higher than the control (Rivas et al., 2006).
豆科 Fabaceae	Genista tridentata	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在110 ℃-5 min处理下达到65%, 同对照相比提高了50% (Rivas et al., 2006)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 65% at the 110 °C -5 min treatment, which was 50% higher than the control (Rivas et al., 2006).
豆科 Fabaceae	Cytisus striatus	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在110 ℃-10 min处理下达到58%, 同对照相比提高了46% (Rivas et al., 2006)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 58% at the 110 °C-10 min treatment, which was 46% higher than the control (Rivas et al., 2006).
豆科 Fabaceae	Genista triacanthos	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在100 ℃-5 min, 120 ℃-10 min处理下达到91%, 比对照提高了87% (Moreira et al., 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 91% at 100 °C-5 min and 120 °C-10 min treatments, which was 87% higher than the control (Moreira et al., 2010).
豆科 Fabaceae	Viminaria juncea	T (40, 60, 80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (10 min)	萌发率在100 ℃-10 min处理下达到最大值, 在120 ℃下不萌发(Liyanage & Ooi, 2015)。 The germination percentage reached the maximum at the 100 °C-10 min treatment, and the germination was completely inhibited at 120 °C treatments (Liyanage & Ooi, 2015).
杨柳科Salicaceae	大青杨 Populus ussuriensis	T (70, 90, 110 ℃) ´ t (5, 10, 15 min)	萌发率最大值在70 ℃-15 min处理下达到46% (巴丽娜等, 2018)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 46% at the 70 °C-15 min treatment (Ba et al., 2018)。
番杏科Aizoaceae	Mesembryanthemum crystallinum	T (103 ℃) ´ t (17 h)	热激处理的萌发率比对照提高了56% (Visscher et al., 2018)。 The germination percentage of the heat shock treatments increased by 56% compared with the control (Visscher et al., 2018).
锦葵科Malvaceae	Guazuma ulmifolia	T (60 ℃) ´ t (10, 20, 40 min), T (80 ℃) ´ t (5, 10, 20 min), T (100 ℃) ´ t (2.5, 5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在100 ℃-5 min处理下达到18%, 对照处理不萌发(Ribeiro et al., 2013)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 18% at the 100 °C-5 min treatment, and no germination was observed in the control treatment (Ribeiro et al., 2013).
锦葵科 Malvaceae	Fremontodendron californicum	T (100, 110, 130, 140, 150 ℃) ´ t (5 min), T (80 ℃) ´ t (1 h)	新鲜采集种子的萌发率最大值在100 ℃-5 min处理下超过了60%, 对照处理不萌发(Keeley et al., 2005)。 The maximum germination percentage of fresh seeds was more than 60% at the 100 °C-5 min treatment, while the control treatment did not germinate (Keeley et al., 2005).
科 Family	物种 Species	实验设计 Experiment design	主要发现 Main findings
半日花科 Cistaceae	Cistus albidus	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在120 ℃-5 min处理下达到61%, 同对照相比提高了50% (Moreira et al., 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 61% at the 120 °C-5 min treatment, which was 50% higher than the control (Moreira et al., 2010).
半日花科 Cistaceae	Cistus monspeliensis	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在120 ℃-5 min处理下达到73%, 同对照相比提高了62% (Moreira et al., 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 73% at the 120 °C-5 min treatment, which was 62% higher than the control (Moreira et al., 2010).
半日花科 Cistaceae	Cistus creticus	T (80, 100, 120, 150 ℃) ´ t (5 min)	萌发率在100、120、150 ℃处理下显著高于对照处理(Tavsanoglu, 2011)。 The germination percentage at 100, 120 and 150 °C treatments was significantly higher than the control (Tavsanoglu, 2011).
半日花科 Cistaceae	Helianthemum apenninum	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (10 min)	萌发率最大值在80 ℃-10 min处理下达到39%, 同对照相比提高了19% (Luna et al., 2007)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 39% at the 80 °C-10 min treatment, which was 19% higher than the control (Luna et al., 2007).
唇形科 Labiatae	宽叶薰衣草 Lavandula latifolia	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在100 ℃-5 min处理下达到32%, 同对照相比提高了19% (Moreira et al., 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 32% at the 100 °C-5 min treatment, which was 19% higher than the control (Moreira et al., 2010).
唇形科 Labiatae	Lavandula stoechas	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率最大值在120 ℃-5 min处理下达到72%, 同对照相比提高了62% (Moreira et al., 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 72% at the 120 °C-5 min treatment, which was 62% higher than the control (Moreira et al., 2010).
菊科 Asteraceae	Catananche caerulea	T (80, 100, 120 ℃) ´ t (10 min)	萌发率最大值在80 ℃-10 min处理下达到55%, 同对照相比提高了44% (Luna et al., 2007)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 55% at the 80 °C-10 min treatment, which was 44% higher than the control (Luna et al., 2007).
禾本科 Poaceae	小穗臭草 Melica ciliata	T (80, 110, 150 ℃) ´ t (5, 10 min)	萌发率在110 ℃-5 min处理下达到最大值, 150 ℃-10 min热激处理完全抑制了萌发(Reyes & Trabaud, 2009)。 The germination percentage reached the maximum at the 110 °C-5 min treatment, and the germination was completely inhibited at the 150 °C-10 min treatment (Reyes & Trabaud, 2009).

科 Family	物种 Species	实验设计 Experiment design	主要发现 Main findings
菊科 Asteraceae	Gutierrezia sarothrae	SW (1:5, 1:10, 1:100)	萌发率最大值在1:5浓度下达到46%, 同对照相比增加了14% (Chou et al., 2012)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 46% at the concentration of 1:5, which was 14% higher than the control (Chou et al., 2012).
豆科 Fabaceae	Astragalus crassicarpus	SW (1:5, 1:10, 1:100)	萌发率最大值在1:100浓度下达到28%, 同对照相比增加了8% (Chou et al., 2012)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 28% at the concentration of 1:100, which was 8% higher than the control (Chou et al., 2012).
芸香科 Rutaceae	Boronia floribunda	SW (1:10, 1:100)	同对照相比, 所有个体的萌发率经烟水处理后均显著增加(Ma et al., 2018)。 Compared with the control, the germination percentage of all individuals were significantly increased after smoke water treatments (Ma et al., 2018).
十字花科 Brassicaceae	小果亚麻荠 Camelina microcarpa	SW (1:2)	萌发率在烟水处理下比对照提高了2.24倍(Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 2.24 times compared with the control (Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014).
十字花科 Brassicaceae	荠 Capsella bursa-pastoris	SW (1:2)	萌发率在烟水处理下比对照提高了3.20倍(Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 3.20 times compared with the control (Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014).
十字花科 Brassicaceae	播娘蒿 Descurainia sophia	SW (1:2)	萌发率在烟水处理下比对照提高了4.21倍(Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 4.21 compared with the control (Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014).
十字花科 Brassicaceae	Brassica tournefortii	KAR₁(0.67, 6.70, 67.00 nmol·L^-1; 0.67, 6.70 mmol·L^-1)	萌发率最大值在6.70 mmol·L^-1浓度梯度下达到93%, 比对照增加了89% (Stevens et al., 2007)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 93% at the concentration of 6.70 μmol·L^-1 which was 89% higher than the control (Stevens et al., 2007).
十字花科 Brassicaceae	野萝卜 Raphanus raphanistrum	KAR₁(0.67, 6.70, 67.00 nmol·L^-1; 0.67, 6.70 mmol·L^-1)	萌发率最大值在6.70 μmol·L^-1浓度梯度下达到91%, 比对照增加了40% (Stevens et al., 2007)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 91% at the concentration of 6.70 μmol·L^-1, which was 40% higher than the control (Stevens et al., 2007).
车前科 Plantaginaceae	长叶车前 Plantago lanceolata	SW (1:2)	同对照相比, 经烟水处理后萌发率提高了41% (Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 41% compared with the control (Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014).
马兜铃科 Aristolochiaceae	马兜铃 Aristolochia debilis	SW (1:10)	同对照相比, 经烟水处理后萌发率提高了27% (Zhou et al., 2014)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 27% compared with the control (Zhou et al., 2014).
葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae	黄瓜 Cucumis sativus	SW (100%)	同对照相比, 经烟水处理后萌发率提高11% (Elsadek & Yousef, 2019)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 11% compared with the control (Elsadek & Yousef, 2019).
鸢尾科 Iridaceae	Gladiolus hybridus	SW (100%)	同对照相比, 经烟水处理后萌发率提高了10% (Elsadek & Yousef, 2019)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 10% compared with the control (Elsadek & Yousef, 2019).
唇形科 Lamiaceae	Lavandula stoechas	SW (1:1, 1:10, 1:100)	萌发率最大值在1:100浓度下达到95%, 同对照相比提高了26% (Çatav et al., 2014)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 95% at the concentration of 1:100, which was 26% higher than the control (Çatav et al., 2014).
科 Family	物种 Species	实验设计 Experiment design	主要发现 Main findings
唇形科 Lamiaceae	Origanum onites	SW (1:1, 1:10, 1:100)	萌发率最大值在1:100浓度下达到97%, 同对照相比提高了14% (Çatav et al., 2014)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 97% at the concentration of 1:100, which was 14% higher than the control (Çatav et al., 2014).
唇形科 Lamiaceae	Satureja thymbra	SW (1:1, 1:10, 1:100)	萌发率最大值在1:1浓度下达到87%, 同对照相比提高了30% (Çatav et al., 2014)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 87% at the concentration of 1:1, which was 30% higher than the control (Çatav et al., 2014).
禾本科 Poaceae	野燕麦 Avena fatua	SW (1:10 000, 1:1 000, 1:100) T (15, 20, 25, 30 ℃) ´ KAR₁ (10^-7, 10^-8, 10^-9, 10^-10mol·L^-1)	萌发率最大值在1:100浓度下达到90%。KAR₁在15-30 ℃范围内可显著提高种子萌发率(Kępczyński et al., 2006, 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 90% at the concentration of 1:100. KAR₁ significantly increased seed germination in the range of 15-30 °C (Kępczyński et al., 2006, 2010).
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	Adenostoma fasciculatum	SW (1:100, 1:500, 1:1 000)	萌发率在1:500浓度下超过90%, 显著高于对照(Keeley et al., 2005)。 The germination percentage was over 90% at the concentration of 1:500, which was significantly higher than the control (Keeley et al., 2005).
紫草科 Boraginaceae	Eriodictyon crassifolium	SW (1:100, 1:500, 1:1 000)	萌发率在1:500浓度下超过80%, 显著高于对照(Keeley et al., 2005)。 The germination percentage was over 80% at the concentration of 1:500, which was significantly higher than the control (Keeley et al., 2005).
血皮草科 Haemodoraceae	Anigozanthos flavidus	SP₁(5.00, 10.00, 25.00, 50.00, 75.00, 100.00, 200.00, 300.00, 400.00, 500.00 mmol·L^-1)	萌发率最大值在50.00和200.00 mmol·L^-1下达到95%, 比对照增加了67% (Downes et al., 2013)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 95% at 50.00 and 200.00 μmol·L^-1, which was 67% higher than the control (Downes et al., 2013).

科 Family	物种 Species	实验设计 Experiment design	主要发现 Main findings
菊科 Asteraceae	Gutierrezia sarothrae	SW (1:5, 1:10, 1:100)	萌发率最大值在1:5浓度下达到46%, 同对照相比增加了14% (Chou et al., 2012)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 46% at the concentration of 1:5, which was 14% higher than the control (Chou et al., 2012).
豆科 Fabaceae	Astragalus crassicarpus	SW (1:5, 1:10, 1:100)	萌发率最大值在1:100浓度下达到28%, 同对照相比增加了8% (Chou et al., 2012)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 28% at the concentration of 1:100, which was 8% higher than the control (Chou et al., 2012).
芸香科 Rutaceae	Boronia floribunda	SW (1:10, 1:100)	同对照相比, 所有个体的萌发率经烟水处理后均显著增加(Ma et al., 2018)。 Compared with the control, the germination percentage of all individuals were significantly increased after smoke water treatments (Ma et al., 2018).
十字花科 Brassicaceae	小果亚麻荠 Camelina microcarpa	SW (1:2)	萌发率在烟水处理下比对照提高了2.24倍(Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 2.24 times compared with the control (Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014).
十字花科 Brassicaceae	荠 Capsella bursa-pastoris	SW (1:2)	萌发率在烟水处理下比对照提高了3.20倍(Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 3.20 times compared with the control (Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014).
十字花科 Brassicaceae	播娘蒿 Descurainia sophia	SW (1:2)	萌发率在烟水处理下比对照提高了4.21倍(Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 4.21 compared with the control (Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014).
十字花科 Brassicaceae	Brassica tournefortii	KAR₁(0.67, 6.70, 67.00 nmol·L^-1; 0.67, 6.70 mmol·L^-1)	萌发率最大值在6.70 mmol·L^-1浓度梯度下达到93%, 比对照增加了89% (Stevens et al., 2007)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 93% at the concentration of 6.70 μmol·L^-1 which was 89% higher than the control (Stevens et al., 2007).
十字花科 Brassicaceae	野萝卜 Raphanus raphanistrum	KAR₁(0.67, 6.70, 67.00 nmol·L^-1; 0.67, 6.70 mmol·L^-1)	萌发率最大值在6.70 μmol·L^-1浓度梯度下达到91%, 比对照增加了40% (Stevens et al., 2007)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 91% at the concentration of 6.70 μmol·L^-1, which was 40% higher than the control (Stevens et al., 2007).
车前科 Plantaginaceae	长叶车前 Plantago lanceolata	SW (1:2)	同对照相比, 经烟水处理后萌发率提高了41% (Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 41% compared with the control (Mojzes & Kalapos, 2014).
马兜铃科 Aristolochiaceae	马兜铃 Aristolochia debilis	SW (1:10)	同对照相比, 经烟水处理后萌发率提高了27% (Zhou et al., 2014)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 27% compared with the control (Zhou et al., 2014).
葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae	黄瓜 Cucumis sativus	SW (100%)	同对照相比, 经烟水处理后萌发率提高11% (Elsadek & Yousef, 2019)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 11% compared with the control (Elsadek & Yousef, 2019).
鸢尾科 Iridaceae	Gladiolus hybridus	SW (100%)	同对照相比, 经烟水处理后萌发率提高了10% (Elsadek & Yousef, 2019)。 The germination percentage of the smoke water treatment increased by 10% compared with the control (Elsadek & Yousef, 2019).
唇形科 Lamiaceae	Lavandula stoechas	SW (1:1, 1:10, 1:100)	萌发率最大值在1:100浓度下达到95%, 同对照相比提高了26% (Çatav et al., 2014)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 95% at the concentration of 1:100, which was 26% higher than the control (Çatav et al., 2014).
科 Family	物种 Species	实验设计 Experiment design	主要发现 Main findings
唇形科 Lamiaceae	Origanum onites	SW (1:1, 1:10, 1:100)	萌发率最大值在1:100浓度下达到97%, 同对照相比提高了14% (Çatav et al., 2014)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 97% at the concentration of 1:100, which was 14% higher than the control (Çatav et al., 2014).
唇形科 Lamiaceae	Satureja thymbra	SW (1:1, 1:10, 1:100)	萌发率最大值在1:1浓度下达到87%, 同对照相比提高了30% (Çatav et al., 2014)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 87% at the concentration of 1:1, which was 30% higher than the control (Çatav et al., 2014).
禾本科 Poaceae	野燕麦 Avena fatua	SW (1:10 000, 1:1 000, 1:100) T (15, 20, 25, 30 ℃) ´ KAR₁ (10^-7, 10^-8, 10^-9, 10^-10mol·L^-1)	萌发率最大值在1:100浓度下达到90%。KAR₁在15-30 ℃范围内可显著提高种子萌发率(Kępczyński et al., 2006, 2010)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 90% at the concentration of 1:100. KAR₁ significantly increased seed germination in the range of 15-30 °C (Kępczyński et al., 2006, 2010).
蔷薇科 Rosaceae	Adenostoma fasciculatum	SW (1:100, 1:500, 1:1 000)	萌发率在1:500浓度下超过90%, 显著高于对照(Keeley et al., 2005)。 The germination percentage was over 90% at the concentration of 1:500, which was significantly higher than the control (Keeley et al., 2005).
紫草科 Boraginaceae	Eriodictyon crassifolium	SW (1:100, 1:500, 1:1 000)	萌发率在1:500浓度下超过80%, 显著高于对照(Keeley et al., 2005)。 The germination percentage was over 80% at the concentration of 1:500, which was significantly higher than the control (Keeley et al., 2005).
血皮草科 Haemodoraceae	Anigozanthos flavidus	SP₁(5.00, 10.00, 25.00, 50.00, 75.00, 100.00, 200.00, 300.00, 400.00, 500.00 mmol·L^-1)	萌发率最大值在50.00和200.00 mmol·L^-1下达到95%, 比对照增加了67% (Downes et al., 2013)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 95% at 50.00 and 200.00 μmol·L^-1, which was 67% higher than the control (Downes et al., 2013).

科名 Family	物种 Species	实验设计 Experiment design	响应类型 Response type	主要发现 Main findings
豆科 Fabaceae	Harpalyce sp.	SW (1:1) × HS (100 ℃-1 min)	增效作用 Positive effect	萌发率最大值在烟水和热激交互处理下达到32%。同对照、烟水和热激处理相比分别提高了19%、27%、25% (Zirondi et al., 2019)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 32% at the interactive treatment, which was increased by 19%, 27%, and 25% respectively compared with the control, smoke water, and heat shock treatments (Zirondi et al., 2019).
豆科 Fabaceae	Mimosa leiocephala	SW (1:1) ´ HS (100 ℃-1 min)	增效作用 Positive effect	萌发率最大值在烟水和热激交互处理下达到35%。同对照、烟水和热激处理相比分别提高了26%、21%、28% (Zirondi et al., 2019)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 35% at the interactive treatment, which was increased by 26%, 21%, and 28% respectively compared with the control, smoke water, and heat shock treatments (Zirondi et al., 2019).
豆科 Fabaceae	Mimosa somnians	SW (1:1) ´ HS (100 ℃-1 min)	增效作用 Positive effect	萌发率最大值在烟水和热激交互处理下达到27%。同对照、烟水和热激处理相比分别提高了13%、6%、13% (Zirondi et al., 2019)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 27% at the interactive treatment, which was increased by 13.0%, 6%, and 13.0% respectively compared with the control, smoke water, and heat shock treatment (Zirondi et al., 2019).
豆科 Fabaceae	Acacia angustissima	SW ´ HS (120 ℃-5 min)	等效作用 Equivalent effect	萌发率在交互处理和热激处理之间无显著差异(Zuloaga-Aguilar et al., 2011)。 There was no significant difference in germination percentage between the heat shock treatment and the interactive treatment (Zuloaga-Aguilar et al., 2011).
豆科 Fabaceae	Calliandralo ngipedicellata	SW ´ HS (120 ℃-5 min)	减效作用 Negative effect	萌发率在热激处理下达到最大值, 显著高于烟水和热激的交互处理(Zuloaga-Aguilar et al., 2011)。 The germination percentage reached the maximum at the heat shock treatment, which was significantly higher than the interactive treatment (Zuloaga- Aguilar et al., 2011).
菊科 Asteraceae	白紫千里光 Senecio albopurpureus	(Smoke-60 min) ´ HS (80 ℃-5 min)	减效作用 Negative effect	萌发率在热激和烟交互处理下达到最小值, 显著低于热激、烟和对照处理(Gonzalez & Ghermandi, 2012)。 The germination percentage reached the minimum at interactive treatment, which was significantly lower than the control, heat shock, and smoke treatments (Gonzalez & Ghermandi, 2012).
天门冬科 Asparagaceae	Dichopogon strictus	SW (1:10) ´ HS (80 ℃-1 h)	增效作用 Positive effect	新鲜种子的萌发率最大值在烟水和热激交互处理下达到72%。同对照、烟水、热激处理相比分别提高了22%、19%、31% (Hodges et al., 2019)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 72% at the interactive treatment, which was increased by 22%, 19%, and 31% respectively compared with the control, smoke water, and heat shock treatments (Hodges et al., 2019).
天门冬科 Asphodelaceae	Dianella revoluta	SW (1:10) ´ HS (80 ℃-1 h)	减效作用 Negative effect	新鲜种子的萌发率在烟水和热激处理下达到33%, 同烟水处理相比下降了5% (Hodges et al., 2019)。 The germination percentage reached 33% at the interactive treatment, which was 5% lower than the control (Hodges et al., 2019).
车前科 Plantaginaceae	Penstemon barbatus	SW (1:10) ´ HS (100 ℃-30 min)	等效作用 Equivalent effect	在烟水处理下萌发率最大值达到63%, 但与烟水和热激交互处理无显著差异(Abella, 2006)。 The maximum germination percentage reached 63% at the smoke water treatment, there was no significantly difference with the interactive treatment (Abella, 2006).
翡若翠科 Velloziaceae	Vellozia alutacea	SW ´ HS (100 ℃-5 min)	减效作用 Negative effect	萌发率在烟水和热激交互处理下显著低于烟水处理(Fernandes et al., 2021)。 The germination percentage at the interactive treatment was significantly lower than the smoke water treatment (Fernandes et al., 2021).
翡若翠科 Velloziaceae	Vellozia resinosa	SW ´ HS (100 ℃-5 min)	减效作用 Negative effect	萌发率在烟水和热激交互处理下显著低于烟水处理(Fernandes et al., 2021)。 The germination percentage at the interactive treatment was significantly lower than the smoke water treatment (Fernandes et al., 2021).
翡若翠科 Velloziaceae	Vellozia epidendroides	SW ´ HS (100 ℃-5 min)	减效作用 Negative effect	萌发率在交互处理下显著低于热激处理(Fernandes et al., 2021)。 The germination percentage at the interactive treatment was significantly lower than the heat shock treatment (Fernandes et al., 2021).
翡若翠科 Xyridaceae	Xyris pilosa	SW ´ HS (100 ℃-5 min)	等效作用 Equivalent effect	萌发率在交互处理和烟水处理之间无显著差异(Fernandes et al., 2021)。 There was no significant difference in germination percentage between the smoke water treatment and the interactive treatment (Fernandes et al., 2021).

火烧信号对种子萌发影响的研究进展

Research progress on the effects of fire-related cues on seed germination

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