川西云杉天然种群表型多样性

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示川西云杉(Picea balfouriana)天然种群表型变异程度和变异规律, 以四川甘孜藏族自治州天然分布的川西云杉为研究对象, 调查了12个种群360个单株的种实和针叶表型性状, 采用变异系数、巢式方差分析、相关分析和聚类分析等方法, 分析了种群间和种群内表型多样性。结果表明: 川西云杉表型性状在种群间和种群内存在极其丰富的多样性, 种群间表型分化系数均值为36.53%, 小于种群内变异(63.47%); 球果、针叶、种鳞和种翅的表型分化系数均值分别为47.15%、31.93%、21.89%和45.14%, 球果、针叶、种鳞和种翅4类表型性状的变异系数分别为12.56%、22.16%、12.61%和16.53%, 种鳞的变异系数和表型分化系数最小, 表明其性状最为稳定; 12个表型性状间多数呈显著或极显著正相关, 球果长、球果径、针叶长和种鳞长为川西云杉重要的表型性状。川西云杉表型变异在空间分布上呈现以经度(球果和针叶)和纬度(种鳞和种翅)并存的单向变异模式; 利用种群间欧氏距离进行聚类分析, 可以把川西云杉12个种群划分为3类。

关键词: 川西云杉, 天然种群, 表型多样性

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to investigate phenotypic variation of Picea balfouriana in 12 natural populations and to discuss the relationship between phenotypic variation of the natural population and different distribution areas.

Methods We investigated 12 phenotypic traits for 360 individuals in 12 natural populations of P. balfourianafrom Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province of China and used nested analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, variance analysis and multi-comparison to analyze results.

Important findings There were significant differences in phenotypic variation among and within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) among populations was 36.53%, which was less than that of within populations (63.47%). TheVST of cone, needle, seed scale and seed wing were 47.15%, 31.93%, 21.89% and 45.14%, respectively. In different individuals within populations, the coefficients of variation (CV) for four phenotypic traits (cone, needle, seed scale and seed wing) were 12.56%, 22.16%, 12.61% and 16.53%, respectively. The traits stability of cone were higher than that of other traits. The cone length, cone width, needle length and seed scale length were the most important phenotypic traits that were easy to measure in P. balfouriana. The traits variation of natural populations were affected mainly by longitude (such as cone and needle) and latitude (such as seed scale and seed wing) in spatial distribution. The 12 populations of P. balfouriana investigated could be divided into three groups according to the cluster analysis.

Key words: Picea balfouriana, natural population, phenotypic variation

辜云杰, 罗建勋, 吴远伟, 曹小军. 川西云杉天然种群表型多样性. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 291-301. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.006

GU Yun-Jie, LUO Jian-Xun, WU Yuan-Wei, CAO Xiao-Jun. PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF PICEA BALFOURIANAIN SICHUAN, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(2): 291-301. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.006

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I2/291

图/表 9

参考文献 21

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种群Population	经度 Latitude (E)	纬度 Longitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Landform type	土壤 Soil	调查母树 Investigated trees
种群Population	经度 Latitude (E)	纬度 Longitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Landform type	土壤 Soil	调查样数 No. of individual	平均树高 Mean height (m)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown range (m)
SQ	98°	32°30′	4 298	15	西北 Northwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark brown earth	30	7.82	20.57	5.01
XC	99°48′′	28°54′	3 580	15	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow earth	30	11.07	14.17	5.42
SD	100°41′′	31°51′	3 450	10	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕壤 Mountain brown earth	30	23.94	50.83	8.83
KD	101°26′′	29°27′	3 410	25	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	15.1	17.83	7.78
XL	100°30′′	30°48′	3 420	28	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	14.39	25.43	8.26
LT	100°28′′	30°3′	4 014	25	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown soil	30	6.88	9.98	5.14
JL	101°25′′	29°3′	3 180	20	西北Northwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林土Mountain brown forest earth	30	17.37	25.23	7.23
YJ	100°56′′	29°59′	3 430	12	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	16.87	22.33	8.19
BT	99°	30°	3 500	25	东北Northeast	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow earth	30	14.33	21.97	7.69
DF	101°39′′	30°9′	3 652	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林土Mountain brown forest earth	30	16.38	36.43	7.56
LH	100°22′′	31°32′	3 500	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	23.19	42.17	8.21
BY	99°30′′	31°20′	3 098	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林Mountain brown forest earth	30	9.83	21.56	6.23

种群Population	经度 Latitude (E)	纬度 Longitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Landform type	土壤 Soil	调查母树 Investigated trees
种群Population	经度 Latitude (E)	纬度 Longitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Landform type	土壤 Soil	调查样数 No. of individual	平均树高 Mean height (m)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown range (m)
SQ	98°	32°30′	4 298	15	西北 Northwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark brown earth	30	7.82	20.57	5.01
XC	99°48′′	28°54′	3 580	15	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow earth	30	11.07	14.17	5.42
SD	100°41′′	31°51′	3 450	10	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕壤 Mountain brown earth	30	23.94	50.83	8.83
KD	101°26′′	29°27′	3 410	25	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	15.1	17.83	7.78
XL	100°30′′	30°48′	3 420	28	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	14.39	25.43	8.26
LT	100°28′′	30°3′	4 014	25	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown soil	30	6.88	9.98	5.14
JL	101°25′′	29°3′	3 180	20	西北Northwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林土Mountain brown forest earth	30	17.37	25.23	7.23
YJ	100°56′′	29°59′	3 430	12	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	16.87	22.33	8.19
BT	99°	30°	3 500	25	东北Northeast	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow earth	30	14.33	21.97	7.69
DF	101°39′′	30°9′	3 652	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林土Mountain brown forest earth	30	16.38	36.43	7.56
LH	100°22′′	31°32′	3 500	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	23.19	42.17	8.21
BY	99°30′′	31°20′	3 098	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林Mountain brown forest earth	30	9.83	21.56	6.23

种群 Population	年均温 Annual average temperature (℃)	1月均温 Average temperature of January (℃)	7月均温 Average temperature of July (℃)	极端低温Abosulute low temperature (℃)	极端高温Absolute high temperature (℃)	年降雨量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年蒸发量 Annual evaporation (mm)	无霜期 Frost-free duration (d)	生态梯度值 Ecological gradient value
SQ	-1.6	-12.6	8.4	-37.7	25.5	569	1 312.6	21	1.479 6
XC	10.7	1.9	17.7	-27.6	34.4	462	2 299.8	194	1.215 2
SD	-0.1	-11.3	9.8	-36.3	23.7	644	1 207.5	16	1.559 9
KD	7.1	-2.5	15.7	-14.7	28.9	805	1 301.7	191	1.178 5
XL	7.4	-2.2	15.1	-19.2	32.7	602	1 536.6	155	1.367 5
LT	3.0	-6.0	10.5	-26.0	25.6	726	1 427.3	82	1.782 5
JL	8.8	0.7	15.2	-14.9	31.0	892	1 811.9	173	0.923 0
YJ	10.9	1.4	18.1	-15.9	35.9	706	1 949.8	195	1.262 9
BT	12.6	3.7	19.5	-12.4	37.6	474	1 956.8	212	1.297 4
DF	7.8	-2.4	15.9	-21.9	32.0	579	1 682.5	158	1.480 7
LH	6.3	-3.3	15.3	-21.2	30.4	652	1 692.4	131	1.539 3
BY	7.7	-1.6	15.7	-19.2	39.4	599	1 858.3	124	1.152 2

种群 Population	年均温 Annual average temperature (℃)	1月均温 Average temperature of January (℃)	7月均温 Average temperature of July (℃)	极端低温Abosulute low temperature (℃)	极端高温Absolute high temperature (℃)	年降雨量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年蒸发量 Annual evaporation (mm)	无霜期 Frost-free duration (d)	生态梯度值 Ecological gradient value
SQ	-1.6	-12.6	8.4	-37.7	25.5	569	1 312.6	21	1.479 6
XC	10.7	1.9	17.7	-27.6	34.4	462	2 299.8	194	1.215 2
SD	-0.1	-11.3	9.8	-36.3	23.7	644	1 207.5	16	1.559 9
KD	7.1	-2.5	15.7	-14.7	28.9	805	1 301.7	191	1.178 5
XL	7.4	-2.2	15.1	-19.2	32.7	602	1 536.6	155	1.367 5
LT	3.0	-6.0	10.5	-26.0	25.6	726	1 427.3	82	1.782 5
JL	8.8	0.7	15.2	-14.9	31.0	892	1 811.9	173	0.923 0
YJ	10.9	1.4	18.1	-15.9	35.9	706	1 949.8	195	1.262 9
BT	12.6	3.7	19.5	-12.4	37.6	474	1 956.8	212	1.297 4
DF	7.8	-2.4	15.9	-21.9	32.0	579	1 682.5	158	1.480 7
LH	6.3	-3.3	15.3	-21.2	30.4	652	1 692.4	131	1.539 3
BY	7.7	-1.6	15.7	-19.2	39.4	599	1 858.3	124	1.152 2

性状 Traits	均方Ms			F值 F value
性状 Traits	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations	随机误差 Random errors	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations
CL	532.070 9	18.330 7	0.470 6	29.03**	38.95**
CW	17.292 9	1.252 0	0.031 9	13.81**	39.21**
NL	15.602 1	1.052 9	0.015 4	14.82**	68.36**
NW	0.136 1	0.021 4	0.014 8	6.34**	1.45**
SSL	12.908 1	1.305 6	0.043 6	9.89**	29.95**
SSW	6.292 5	0.455 1	0.019 6	13.83**	23.23**
SWL	5.758 0	0.282 8	0.010 3	20.36**	27.39**
SWW	1.559 9	0.050 7	0.003 9	30.76**	12.98**
CLW	126.826 9	2.594 9	0.064 5	48.88**	40.24**
NLW	4 496.399 0	375.466 4	11.664 9	11.98**	32.19**
SSLW	1.817 9	0.403 8	0.026 7	4.50**	15.10**
SWLW	31.757 4	1.437 1	0.137 2	22.10**	10.47**