川西亚高山5种森林生态系统的碳格局

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.005

植物生态学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 283-290.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.005

川西亚高山5种森林生态系统的碳格局

鲜骏仁¹^,², 张远彬³, 王开运⁴, 胡庭兴²^,^*(), 杨华²

1 四川农业大学资源环境学院,四川雅安 625014
2 四川农业大学林学园艺学院,四川雅安 625014
3 中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都 610041
4 华东师范大学上海市城市化生态过程和生态恢复重点实验室,上海 200062

收稿日期:2008-03-03 接受日期:2008-04-18 出版日期:2009-03-03 发布日期:2009-03-31
通讯作者: 胡庭兴
作者简介:* E-mail: hutx001@yahoo.com.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“重大研究计划”项目(90511008);国家自然科学基金“重大研究计划”项目(90202010);四川省科技攻关项目(05SG023-009);上海市城市化生态过程和生态恢复重点实验室开放基金(20070010)

CARBON STOCK AND ITS ALLOCATION IN FIVE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE SUBALPINE CONIFEROUS FOREST ZONE OF WESTERN SICHUAN PROVINCE, SOUTHWEST CHINA

XIAN Jun-Ren¹^,², ZHANG Yuan-Bin³, WANG Kai-Yun⁴, HU Ting-Xing²^,^*(), YANG Hua²

¹College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
²College of Forestry and Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China
³Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
⁴Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization Processes and Ecological Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

Received:2008-03-03 Accepted:2008-04-18 Online:2009-03-03 Published:2009-03-31
Contact: HU Ting-Xing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用样方法研究了川西亚高山白桦(Betula platyphylla)林(BF)、针阔混交林(MF)、岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)林(FF)、紫果云杉(Picea purpurea)林(SF)和方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)林(CF)的碳贮量、组成及其分布格局。结果表明: 1)在5种森林生态系统中, 土壤碳含量和碳贮量都随土壤深度的增加而极显著地降低, 且与土壤深度之间有较好的线性关系; 2)地被物碳贮量分别为SF(23.97±1.77)>FF(21.35±3.64)>MF(11.78±1.21)>CF(9.09±0.91) >BF(8.16±1.34) 10³kgC·hm^-2, 对生态系统总碳贮量的贡献率差异不显著, 约占3%~4%; 3)乔木层对植物碳贮量贡献最多, 根系碳贮量占植物碳贮量的比例在13%~19%之间; 4)SF和FF的碳贮存以植物为主, MF、BF和CF的碳贮存则以土壤为主; 5)整个生态系统的碳贮量依次为SF(729.92±43.49)>FF(618.86±53.97)>MF(353.88±21.76)>BF(247.79± 17.15)>CF(244.52±18.70) 10³ kgC·hm^-2, 差异显著, 对应的短期碳固定能力则依次为2.97、3.80、5.15、3.33和4.84 10³ kgC·hm^-2·a^-1。在没有破坏性干扰前提下, 川西亚高山次生林恢复是大气中碳沉降的潜在碳汇。合适的树种及其搭配比例、造林模式和森林生态系统管理对策, 是促进该区域植被快速恢复和增加碳贮存的关键。

关键词: 碳贮量, 碳密度, 森林生态系统, 亚高山

Abstract:

Aims Forest ecosystems are important carbon pools of the global terrestrial ecosystem and play a key role in sequestrating and reserving greenhouse gases. Our objectives were to quantify the carbon stock of different forest ecosystems in the subalpine coniferous forest in western Sichuan Province (SCFS) and identify short-term carbon sequestration potential.

Methods We investigated the forests of Wanglang National Natural Reserve, located in Pingwu County, Sichuan Province. Five similar altitude and slope ecosystems dominated byBetula platyphylla(BF), Betula spp. and Abies faxoniana(MF),Abies faxoniana (FF), Picea purpurea(SF) and Sabina saltuaria(CF) were selected to quantify ecosystem carbon stock and its allocation. We sampled eight replicate plots in each ecosystem. All plants in each plot were surveyed and sorted into three groups: tree layer (DBH ≥5 cm), understory ( DBH <5 cm), and herb layer. We surveyed the carbon stock of the tree layer using standard tree sampling methods, in which biomass and carbon stock of three newly up-rooted trees were measured. Carbon stock of understory, herb, ground cover (including litter, lichens and coarse woody debris <2 cm diameter) and soil was measured by destructive sampling.

Important findings Soil organism carbon (SOC) decreased significantly with increased soil depth (p<0.01). Carbon stock contributions of ground cover were similar (3%-4% of the total). The tree layer had the largest plant carbon pool, and root carbon reached 13%-19% of plant carbon. The main carbon stock was in plants in SF and FF and in soil in MF, BF and CF. Ecosystem carbon stock was SF (729.92±43.49) > FF (618.86±53.97) > MF (353.88±21.76) > BF (247.79±17.15) > CF (244.52±18.70) 10³ kgC·hm^-2, and the difference was significant (p<0.05). Plant recent carbon stock potentials were 2.97, 3.80, 5.15, 3.33 and 4.84 10³ kgC·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively. Therefore, the SCFS could play a key role in CO₂sequestration. This provides insight into forest carbon sequestration capacity and, hence, into understanding global carbon balance.

Key words: carbon stock, carbon sequestration capacity, forest ecosystem, subalpine

鲜骏仁, 张远彬, 王开运, 胡庭兴, 杨华. 川西亚高山5种森林生态系统的碳格局. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(2): 283-290. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.005

XIAN Jun-Ren, ZHANG Yuan-Bin, WANG Kai-Yun, HU Ting-Xing, YANG Hua. CARBON STOCK AND ITS ALLOCATION IN FIVE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE SUBALPINE CONIFEROUS FOREST ZONE OF WESTERN SICHUAN PROVINCE, SOUTHWEST CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(2): 283-290. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.005

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图/表 5

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生态系统 Ecosystem	海拔 Altitude (m)	土壤类型 Soil type	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均年龄 Mean age (a)	林木密度 Tree density (tree·hm^-2)	平均高度 Mean height (m)	郁闭度 Coverage
BF	2 605	棕壤 Brown soil	12.4	48.4	1975	13.5	0.6
MF	2 704	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	22.5	83.1	740	27.0	0.75
FF	2 854	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	28.3	213.7	230	35.0	0.7
SF	3 186	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	35.8	311.5	206	43.8	0.65
CF	3 350	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	21.5	136.4	519	8.8	0.50

生态系统 Ecosystem	海拔 Altitude (m)	土壤类型 Soil type	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均年龄 Mean age (a)	林木密度 Tree density (tree·hm^-2)	平均高度 Mean height (m)	郁闭度 Coverage
BF	2 605	棕壤 Brown soil	12.4	48.4	1975	13.5	0.6
MF	2 704	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	22.5	83.1	740	27.0	0.75
FF	2 854	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	28.3	213.7	230	35.0	0.7
SF	3 186	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	35.8	311.5	206	43.8	0.65
CF	3 350	暗棕壤 Dark brown soil	21.5	136.4	519	8.8	0.50

生态系统 Ecosystems	土壤层次 Soil layer	碳含量 SOC content (g C·kg^-1)	碳贮量 SOC stock (10³ kg C·hm^-2)	土壤碳含量 Average SOC content (g C·kg^-1)	土壤碳贮量 SOC stock (10³ kg C·hm^-2)
BF	I	46.42±4.76^aA	76.64±10.94^aA	22.64±1.12^dD	165.89±11.60^bcB
	II	29.01±3.06^bB	63.20±4.32^bB
	III	7.55±2.10^cC	26.05±6.33^cC
MF	I	73.35±5.69^aA	101.75±12.18^aA	44.52±3.93^aA	222.20±18.44^aA
	II	42.29±7.89^bB	73.47±13.16^bB
	III	25.31±3.71^cC	46.99±7.90^cC
FF	I	65.43±6.86^aA	85.94±7.82^aA	37.71±2.42^bB	166.65±10.57^bB
	II	31.64±6.78^bB	47.07±9.27^bB
	III	21.09±3.05^cC	33.65±6.05^cC
SF	I	65.44±5.04^aA	84.16±5.87^aA	38.88±3.30^bB	170.58±6.53^bB
	II	34.82±4.62^bB	51.79±4.83^bB
	III	21.75±3.64^cC	34.62±2.97^cC
CF	I	47.55±5.94^aA	65.98±6.54^aA	30.00±2.83^cC	153.36±14.45^cB
	II	24.63±3.01^bB	52.07±8.14^bB
	III	22.26±5.40^cC	35.32±9.67^cC

生态系统 Ecosystems	土壤层次 Soil layer	碳含量 SOC content (g C·kg^-1)	碳贮量 SOC stock (10³ kg C·hm^-2)	土壤碳含量 Average SOC content (g C·kg^-1)	土壤碳贮量 SOC stock (10³ kg C·hm^-2)
BF	I	46.42±4.76^aA	76.64±10.94^aA	22.64±1.12^dD	165.89±11.60^bcB
	II	29.01±3.06^bB	63.20±4.32^bB
	III	7.55±2.10^cC	26.05±6.33^cC
MF	I	73.35±5.69^aA	101.75±12.18^aA	44.52±3.93^aA	222.20±18.44^aA
	II	42.29±7.89^bB	73.47±13.16^bB
	III	25.31±3.71^cC	46.99±7.90^cC
FF	I	65.43±6.86^aA	85.94±7.82^aA	37.71±2.42^bB	166.65±10.57^bB
	II	31.64±6.78^bB	47.07±9.27^bB
	III	21.09±3.05^cC	33.65±6.05^cC
SF	I	65.44±5.04^aA	84.16±5.87^aA	38.88±3.30^bB	170.58±6.53^bB
	II	34.82±4.62^bB	51.79±4.83^bB
	III	21.75±3.64^cC	34.62±2.97^cC
CF	I	47.55±5.94^aA	65.98±6.54^aA	30.00±2.83^cC	153.36±14.45^cB
	II	24.63±3.01^bB	52.07±8.14^bB
	III	22.26±5.40^cC	35.32±9.67^cC

生态系统 Ecosystems	乔木层 Tree layer (10³ kg C·hm^-2)			灌木层 Shrub layer (10³ kg C·hm^-2)			草本层 Herb layer (10³ kg C·hm^-2)			合计 Total (10³ kg C·hm^-2)
生态系统 Ecosystems	地上部分 Aboveground	根 Root	小计 Total	地上部分 Aboveground	根 Root	小计 Total	地上部分 Aboveground	根 Root	小计 Total	地上部分 Aboveground	根 Root	合计 Total
BF	58.38± 7.84 ^dCD	9.90± 1.33 ^dD	68.28± 9.17 ^dCD	3.46± 0.45 ^eE	1.09± 0.14^eE	4.55± 0.59^eE	0.70± 0.15 ^bcBC	0.21± 0.05 ^bcB	0.91± 0.20 ^bcBC	62.54± 8.52 ^dD	11.20± 1.50^dD	73.74± 10.02^dD
MF	91.48± 5.26 ^cC	16.02± 0.92 ^cC	107.50± 7.32 ^cC	8.54± 0.80 ^dD	2.68± 0.25^dD	11.22± 1.06^dD	0.91± 0.08^aA	0.27± 0.03 ^aA	1.18± 0.11 ^aA	100.93± 6.88 ^cC	18.97± 1.30^cC	119.90± 8.18^cC
FF	353.43± 39.94 ^bB	59.46± 6.72 ^bB	412.88± 49.59 ^bB	12.90± 0.55^cC	4.05± 0.17^cC	16.95± 0.72^cC	0.79± 0.06 ^bAB	0.24± 0.02 ^bAB	1.03± 0.08 ^bAB	367.12± 42.37 ^bB	63.74± 7.12^bB	430.86± 49.49^bB
SF	447.02± 36.71 ^aA	67.12± 5.51 ^aA	514.14± 43.61 ^aA	15.54± 1.21^bB	4.88± 0.38^bB	20.42± 1.58^bB	0.61± 0.06 ^cdC	0.20± 0.02 ^cC	0.81± 0.09 ^cC	463.18± 37.57 ^aA	72.19± 5.59^aA	535.37± 43.15^aA
CF	47.28± 11.10 ^dD	8.34± 1.96 ^dD	55.62± 13.06 ^dD	19.26± 1.11^aA	6.38± 0.37^aA	25.64± 1.47^aA	0.59± 0.09 ^dC	0.22± 0.04 ^bcB	0.81± 0.13 ^cC	67.12± 10.85 ^dCD	14.95± 1.89 ^cdCD	82.07± 12.73^dCD

川西亚高山5种森林生态系统的碳格局

CARBON STOCK AND ITS ALLOCATION IN FIVE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE SUBALPINE CONIFEROUS FOREST ZONE OF WESTERN SICHUAN PROVINCE, SOUTHWEST CHINA

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生态系统 Ecosystem	地被物层 Ground cover		植物 Plant		土壤 Soil		地上部分 Aboveground		地下部分 Underground		合计 Total (10³kg C·hm^-2)
生态系统 Ecosystem	碳贮量Carbon stock (10³kg C·hm^-2)	百分比 Percentage (%)	碳贮量Carbon stock (10³kg C·hm^-2)	百分比 Percentage (%)	碳贮量Carbon stock (10³kg C·hm^-2)	百分比 Percentage (%)	碳贮量Carbon stock (10³kg C·hm^-2)	百分比 Percentage (%)	碳贮量Carbon stock (10³kg C·hm^-2)	百分比 Percentage (%)	合计 Total (10³kg C·hm^-2)
BF	8.16± 1.34^dC	3.30± 0.56^a	73.74± 10.02^dD	29.69± 2.95^dD	165.89± 11.60^bcB	67.00± 2.81^aA	70.70± 8.54^dD	28.49± 2.38^dD	177.09± 12.03^bB	71.51± 2.38^aA	247.79± 17.15 ^dD
MF	11.78± 1.21^cB	3.35± 0.45^a	119.90± 8.18^cC	33.92± 1.94^cC	222.20± 18.44^aA	62.74± 2.27^bB	112.71± 7.32^cC	31.90± 1.97^cC	241.17± 18.86^aA	68.10± 1.97^bB	353.88± 21.76^cC
FF	21.35± 3.64^bA	3.46± 0.53^a	430.86± 49.49^bB	69.48± 2.41^bB	166.65± 10.57^bB	27.06± 2.36^cC	388.46± 43.53^bB	62.66± 2.04^bB	230.40± 14.11^aA	37.34± 2.04^cC	618.86± 53.97^bB
SF	23.97± 1.77^aA	3.29± 0.26^a	535.37± 43.15^aA	73.27± 1.71^aA	170.58± 6.53^bB	23.44± 1.60^dC	487.15± 38.12^aA	66.68± 1.40^aA	242.78± 8.18^aA	33.32± 1.40^dD	729.92± 43.49^aA
CF	9.09± 0.91^dBC	3.74± 0.56^a	82.07± 12.73^dCD	33.51± 3.98^cC	153.36± 14.45^cB	62.75± 3.82^bB	76.21± 10.48^dD	31.14± 3.27^cCD	168.31± 14.62^bB	68.86± 3.27^bAB	244.52± 18.70^dD

生态系统 Ecosystem	土壤碳含量 SOC content (g C·kg^-1)	R²	土壤碳贮量 Carbon stock (10³ kg C·hm^-2)	R²
BF	Y = -19.436X + 66.533	0.996 4	Y = -25.291X + 105.88	0.931 7
MF	Y = -24.018X + 95.02	0.972 2	Y = -27.383X + 128.83	0.999 6
FF	Y = -22.167X + 83.721	0.916 2	Y = -26.145X + 107.84	0.926 8
SF	Y= -21.846X + 84.365	0.949 0	Y = -24.77X + 106.4	0.969 6
CF	Y = -12.645X + 56.767	0.819 6	Y = -15.331X + 81.782	0.997 2

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