氮添加对荒漠草原植物群落组成与微生物生物量生态化学计量特征的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0046

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 427-436.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0046 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2019.0046

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统；生态化学计量；微生物生态学

氮添加对荒漠草原植物群落组成与微生物生物量生态化学计量特征的影响

王攀¹,朱湾湾¹,牛玉斌¹,樊瑾¹,余海龙¹,赖江山²,黄菊莹^3,^*()

^1. 宁夏大学资源环境学院, 银川 750021
^2. 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
^3. 宁夏大学环境工程研究院, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2019-03-05 接受日期:2019-04-23 出版日期:2019-05-20 发布日期:2019-10-18
基金资助:
宁夏高等学校科学研究项目(NGY2017003);国家自然科学基金(31760144);宁夏自然科学基金(NZ17015)

Effects of nitrogen addition on plant community composition and microbial biomass ecological stoichiometry in a desert steppe in China

WANG Pan¹,ZHU Wan-Wan¹,NIU Yu-Bin¹,FAN Jin¹,YU Hai-Long¹,LAI Jiang-Shan²,HUANG Ju-Ying^3,^*()

^1. College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
^2. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
^3. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2019-03-05 Accepted:2019-04-23 Online:2019-05-20 Published:2019-10-18
Supported by:
Supported by the High School Scientific Research Foundation of Ningxia, China(NGY2017003);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760144);The Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia, China(NZ17015)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大气氮(N)沉降增加加速了土壤N循环, 引起微生物生物量碳(C):N:磷(P)生态化学计量关系失衡、植物种丧失和生态系统服务功能降低等问题。开展N添加下植物群落组成与微生物生物量生态化学计量特征关系的研究, 可为深入了解N沉降增加引起植物多样性降低的机理提供新思路。该文以宁夏荒漠草原为研究对象, 探讨了N添加下植物生物量和群落多样性的变化趋势, 分析了微生物生物量C:N:P生态化学计量特征独立及其与其他土壤因子共同对植物群落组成的影响。结果表明: N添加下猪毛菜(Salsola collina)生物量呈显著增加趋势, 牛枝子(Lespedeza potaninii)生物量呈逐渐降低趋势, 其他植物种生物量亦呈降低趋势但未达到显著水平; 沿N添加梯度, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Patrick丰富度指数均呈先略有增加后逐渐降低的趋势; N添加提高了微生物生物量N含量和N:P, 降低了微生物生物量C:N; 植物群落组成与微生物生物量N含量、微生物生物量C:N、微生物生物量N:P、土壤NO₃ ^--N浓度、土壤NH₄ ⁺-N浓度以及土壤全P含量有较强的相关关系; 微生物生物量C:N:P生态化学计量特征对植物种群生物量和群落多样性变化的独立解释力较弱, 但却与其他土壤因子共同解释了较大变差, 意味着N添加下微生物生物量C:N:P生态化学计量特征对植物群落组成的影响与其他土壤因子高度相关。

关键词: 大气氮沉降, 生态化学计量特征, 生物多样性, 退化生态系统

Abstract: Aims Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition accelerates soil N cycling, potentially resulting in decoupling of microbial biomass carbon (C):N:phosphorus (P), loss of plant species, and reductions of provision of ecosystem service. Studies on how the changes of elemental balance in microbes affect plant community composition, could provide a new insight for making clear the mechanism of N-induced loss of plant species. Methods We conducted a manipulative N addition experiment in a desert steppe in Ningxia, northwestern China to quantify the changes in plant biomass and species composition over two years. We analyzed the individual effects of microbial biomass C:N:P ecological stoichiometry and the joint effects with other key soil factors on plant community composition. Important findings The responses of plants to N addition appeared species-specific. The biomass of Salsola collina increased substantially; the biomass of Lespedeza potaninii decreased gradually. Other species showed slightly decreasing in biomass although statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Along the N addition gradient, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Patrick richness index of the plant community increased initially but decreased over time later. With increase in N addition level, the N content and N:P ratio of the microbial community increased, but the C:N ratio decreased. Plant community composition showed stronger correlations with microbial biomass N content, microbial biomass C:N ratio, microbial biomass N:P, soil NO₃ ^--N concentration, soil NH₄ ⁺-N concentration, and the total P content of the soils. Microbial biomass C:N:P ecological stoichiometry explained <3% of the variation in aboveground plant biomass and community diversity index. Surprisingly, the joint influences from microbial biomass C:N:P ecological stoichiometry and other soil properties explained 51% of the variation in plant biomass and 26% of the change in plant community diversity. These results indicate that the effect of microbial biomass C:N:P ecological stoichiometry on plant community was highly related to the effects of other soil properties under N addition.

Key words: atmospheric nitrogen deposition, ecological stoichiometry, species diversity, degraded ecosystem

王攀, 朱湾湾, 牛玉斌, 樊瑾, 余海龙, 赖江山, 黄菊莹. 氮添加对荒漠草原植物群落组成与微生物生物量生态化学计量特征的影响. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(5): 427-436. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0046

WANG Pan, ZHU Wan-Wan, NIU Yu-Bin, FAN Jin, YU Hai-Long, LAI Jiang-Shan, HUANG Ju-Ying. Effects of nitrogen addition on plant community composition and microbial biomass ecological stoichiometry in a desert steppe in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(5): 427-436. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0046

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0046

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I5/427

图/表 5

图1 N处理对植物群落(A)和种群生物量(B)的影响(平均值+标准误差, n = 5)。N0、N1.25、N2.50、N5、N10和N20分别代表0、1.25、2.50、5、10和20 g·m-2·a-1的N施用量。不同小写字母表示N处理间指标差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of N addition on biomass of plant community (A) and individual species (B) (mean + SE, n = 5). N0, N1.25, N2.50, N5, N10, and N20 represent N addition level of 0, 1.25, 2.50, 5, 10, and 20 g·m-2·a-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among N treatments (p < 0.05).

图2 N处理对植物群落多样性指数的影响(平均值+标准误差, n = 5)。N0、N1.25、N2.50、N5、N10和N20分别代表0、1.25、2.50、5、10和20 g·m-2·a-1的N施用量。不同小写字母表示N处理间指标差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of N treatments on plant community diversity (mean + SE, n = 5). N0, N1.25, N2.50, N5, N10, and N20 represent N addition level of 0, 1.25, 2.50, 5, 10, and 20 g·m-2·a-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among N treatments (p < 0.05).

图3 N处理对微生物生物量C、N、P及其生态化学计量比的影响(平均值+标准误差, n = 5)。N0、N1.25、N2.50、N5、N10和N20分别代表0、1.25、2.50、5、10和20 g·m-2·a-1的N施用量。不同小写字母表示N处理间指标差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of N treatments on microbial biomass C, N, P, and their stoichiometric ratios (mean + SE, n = 5). N0, N1.25, N2.50, N5, N10, and N20 represent N addition level at 0, 1.25, 2.50, 5, 10, and 20 g·m-2·a-1, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among N treatments (p < 0.05).

图4 土壤因子与植物种群生物量(A)以及群落多样性指数(B)的冗余分析(RDA)。Sc、Am、As和Lp分别代表猪毛菜、草木樨状黄耆、猪毛蒿和牛枝子。H和D分别代表Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数。MBC、MBN、MBP、C:Nm、C:Pm和N:Pm分别代表微生物生物量C含量、N含量、P含量、C:N、C:P和N:P。TOC、TN、TP、C:Ns、C:Ps、N:Ps、NH4+-N、NO3--N和AP分别代表土壤有机C含量、全N含量、全P含量、C:N、C:P、N:P、NH4+-N浓度、NO3--N浓度和速效P浓度。

Fig. 4 RDA of plant biomass (A) and community diversity (B) explained by soil factors. Sc, Am, As, and Lp represent Salsola collina, Astragalus melilotoides, Artemisia scoparia, and Lespedeza potaninii, respectively. H and D represent Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson dominance index, respectively. MBC, MBN, MBP, C:Nm, C:Pm, and N:Pm represent microbial biomass C content, N content, P content, C:N, C:P, and N:P, respectively. TOC, TN, TP, C:Ns, C:Ps, N:Ps, NH4+-N, NO3--N, and AP represent soil organic C content, total N content, total P content, C:N, C:P, N:P, NH4+-N concentration, NO3--N concentration, and available P concentration, respectively.

图5 土壤因子组合对植物种群生物量(A)和群落多样性指数(B)的变差分解。小于0的数值未显示。单个圆圈内数字代表该土壤因子组合能解释的变差, 圆圈重合部分内数字代表几个土壤因子组合共同解释的变差。X1组包括微生物生物量C含量、N含量、P含量、C:N、C:P和N:P; X2组包括土壤有机C含量、全N含量、全P含量、C:N、C:P和N:P; X3组包括土壤NO3--N浓度、NH4+-N浓度和速效P浓度。

Fig. 5 Variation partitioning of plant population biomass (A) and community diversity index (B) by soil factor groups. Values < 0 not shown. Data in one circle represent the variation individually explained by the soil factor group, data in the overlapped part of circles represent the variation jointly explained by soil factor groups. X1 group includes microbial biomass C content, N content, P content, C:N, C:P, and N:P; X2 group includes soil organic C content, total N content, total P content, C:N, C:P, N:P; X3 group includes soil NH4+-N, NO3--N, and available P concentrations, respectively.

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氮添加对荒漠草原植物群落组成与微生物生物量生态化学计量特征的影响

Effects of nitrogen addition on plant community composition and microbial biomass ecological stoichiometry in a desert steppe in China

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